Rikicin tekun kudancin kasar Sin da ke saurin zafafa zafi ya tabbatar da cewa, barazanar da kasar Sin ke fama da ita a karshe ta dauki wani salo. Abin da Ian Storey na Cibiyar Nazarin Kudu maso Gabashin Asiya ya kwatanta a cikin 1999 a matsayin "tabbaci mai raɗaɗi" yanzu yana shiga cikin tashin hankali. Kasar Sin ta tara karfin tattalin arziki da soja da suka dace don daukar abin da take so da karfi, lamarin da ya haifar da rikici tsakaninta da Amurka duk da kokarin da kasashen biyu ke yi na bin dokokin kasa da kasa. Ko aƙalla, wannan ita ce mahangar ƙasashen yamma.
Masu shiga tsakani a nan ba China, Philippines, Malaysia, Taiwan, Vietnam ko Brunei ba ne. Ita ce Amurka, wadda rawar da ta taka a matsayin mai shiga tsakani a fannin shari'a ba ta da tushe sosai saboda gazawarta na sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan dokar teku (UNCLOS), wadda kasar Sin ta rattabawa hannu. An yi sa'a ga Amurka, wannan gaskiyar da ba ta da kyau ba ta shiga cikin hanyar da ta dace da batun ba.
Admiral Harry B. Harris Jr., shugaban rundunar Amurka da ke yankin Pacific, yayi tsokaci a watan da ya gabata game da "mummunan da'awar China - da'awar rashin gaskiya, da gaske - zuwa kashi 90% na tekun Kudancin China." Lallai kasar Sin tana wuce gona da iri kan aikin diflomasiyya, ta hanyar gabatar da bukatu kawai, amma yana da kyau a yi la'akari da tushen tarihi na wannan da'awar.
Tekun Kudancin China ya ƙunshi gungu tsibirai guda biyu: tsibiran Paracel, kudu maso gabashin Hainan, da tsibirin Spratly, gabas da kudancin Vietnam. Paracels a halin yanzu China ce ta mamaye su kuma sun kasance tun kusan 600s. Masunta na kasar Sin sun ziyarci Spratly mafi nisa tun kafin zamanin Kaisar, kuma daular Sinawa sun fara sintiri a farkon shekarun 400.
Wannan yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau har zuwan ƴan kasuwa na Burtaniya, Dutch da Faransanci a tsakiyar 1800s. Masunta na Vietnamese sun kasance suna aiki a kusa da Paracels tun farkon shekarun 1400 kuma akwai manyan ayyuka don tarin flotsam a shekarun 1700, amma babu rikicin yankin Sino-Bietnam kamar yadda muke gani a yau.
Bayan da Birtaniya ta shiga cikin kasar Sin a cikin 1840s, Faransanci ya yi nasara ta hanyar mamaye Vietnam a karkashin sunan kare 'yan mishan na Faransa a can - musamman, Dominique Lefèbvre, wanda aka kama da laifin yin wa'azi ba bisa ka'ida ba a 1845, an sake shi ta hanyar diflomasiyyar jirgin ruwa na Faransa kuma aka kama shi don Laifin guda bayan shekara guda, a lokacin ne Faransawa suka aika da jiragen ruwa na yaki guda biyu zuwa Da Nang suka sasanta lamarin ta hanyar kashe 'yan Vietnam 1,200. An aika da jami'in diflomasiyya zuwa Vietnam, da gaske don tilasta Katolika a cikin makogwaronsu, kuma lokacin da wannan ya kasa mamaye Faransawa a 1858.
A cikin 1930 Faransawa sun aika da jirgin ruwan La Malicieuse don toshe iƙirarin Japan a kan tsibiran, tare da haɗa Spratlys a 1933 sannan Paracels a 1938. An yi hakan a zahiri don kare mutanen Vietnam, ko da yake yana da wuya a daidaita goyon bayan Faransa ga 'yan tawayen. Vietnamese tare da hare-haren soji a kansu - sun shaida kisan gillar My Trach na 1947 lokacin da sojojin mulkin mallaka na Faransa suka kona gidaje, suka yi wa mata fyade da kuma yanka rabin garin, ciki har da yara 157.
Japanawa sun mamaye tsibirin a lokacin yakin, ko da yake Sinawa sun yi kokarin kawar da su a shekarar 1946. Lokacin da yakin ya kare kuma wakilan kasashe 48 suka hallara don rattaba hannu kan yarjejeniyar San Francisco, daya daga cikin batutuwan da aka gabatar shi ne abin da za su yi. tare da tsibiran Spratly da Paracel yanzu da Japanawa suka ƙare.
Tawagar Tarayyar Soviet karkashin jagorancin mataimakin ministan harkokin wajen kasar Andrei Gromkyo, tun da farko ta yi adawa da yarjejeniyar. Daga cikin korafe-korafensa akwai yadda ake mayar da Japan sansanin sojan Amurka, ana ba da tsibiran Japan ga Amurka ba bisa ka'ida ba (tsibirin Mariana, wanda tare da Puerto Rico su ne kawai yankunan Amurka a yau da ke da matsayin "Commonwealth") da kasar Sin. iƙirarin ga tsibiran an yi watsi da su.
Da'awar Vietnam, a daya bangaren, ba ta yi hamayya ba - har ma da kasar Sin tun da, duk da kasancewar Japan mafi girma da aka kashe, sakataren harkokin wajen Amurka John Foster Dulles ya hana wakilan Sin shiga taron, wanda ya ki yin la'akari da da'awar China saboda tsoron tayar da hankalin Kudancin Vietnamese. , wanda ba da daɗewa ba za a buƙaci a kan 'yan gurguzu na Arewacin Vietnam.
Duk wannan ba wai don tabbatar da ikirarin da kasar Sin ta yi kan tekun kudancin kasar Sin ba ne, wanda ya mamaye yankunan tattalin arziki na musamman (EEZ) na wasu kasashe makwabta. Duk da haka yana taimakawa wajen tantance mahallin, idan ba gaba daya ya karyata ba, ra'ayin cewa kasar Sin kawai tana son daukar duk abin da za ta iya dora hannunta a kai. Maimakon haka, kasar Sin tana kare muradunta na dabaru da tattalin arziki a yankin tare da tabbatar da yankin da ya dade yana karkashin ikonsa kafin mamayewar Turawan mulkin mallaka.
Dangane da sauran bangarorin da rikicin ya shafa kuwa, da’awarsu ta zama abin mamaki na zamani. Philippines sun yi iƙirarinsu ga tsibiran Spratlys a cikin 1950, a ƙarƙashin Shugaba Quirino, kuma a cikin 1971 wani ɗan ƙasar Filifin Tomas Cloma mai bincike ya kira ɗayan tsibiran Kalaya'an ko “Freedomland.” China ta amsa da nuna karfin sojan ruwa. Da'awar Malaysia, wadda ta samo asali ne daga da'awar Philippine, ta zo ne a cikin 1978. Indonesiya ta shiga cikin 1995 a lokacin da aka fitar da taswirar kasar Sin da ke nuna cewa da'awar Sinawa ta katse tashar iskar gas ta Natuna ta Indonesiya, bayan da ta yi jigilar sojojin ruwa a yankin a wannan watan. bayan wata biyu sai wata biyu bayan haka. Dangane da Brunei, cikin ladabi tana da'awar wani kaso na shiryayyen nahiyoyinta, kamar yadda UNCLOS ta tabbatar.
UNCLOS tana ba da kowace ƙasa ta ƙasa mai nisan mil 12 daga bakin teku da EEZ da ya kai mil 200 na ruwa daga gaɓa. Wannan ya kamata ya kare ikirari da akasarin kasashen da ke makwabtaka da kasar Sin ke yi, duk da haka kasar Sin ta ce ta ga zaman sulhu na MDD kan wadannan batutuwa bai dace ba, duk da cewa kungiyar ta UNCLOS ce ta sanya hannu. Takaddama ce, har yanzu ta fi yadda za a iya cewa ga Amurka, wacce a yanzu ke gudanar da ayyukan sa ido a yankin, bisa zargin hana China cin zarafi da makwabtanta.
Wataƙila zai fi dacewa a faɗi cewa Amurka tana yin daidai abin da China ke yi. Wato kare manufofinta da manufofinta na tattalin arziki a yankin. Kamar yadda John Mearsheimer ya yi gardama a cikin The Tragedy of Great Power Politics, "jahohi ba za su taba tabbata cewa wasu jihohi ba su da mugun nufi don tafiya tare da iyawarsu."
Matsalar ita ce, albarkatu masu yawa suna ba da damar kai hari da yawa kuma tekun Kudancin China na fashe da albarkatu. Ba wai ita ce hanya ta biyu mafi cunkoson ababen hawa a duniya ba, inda sama da kashi 50 cikin 7.7 na jigilar kayayyaki ke bi ta cikin ruwanta a duk shekara, tana kuma da arzikin mai da iskar gas. Bankin Duniya ya yi kiyasin ganga biliyan 2013 na arzikin mai da aka tabbatar, yayin da rahoton Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Amurka ta 11 ya kiyasta ganga biliyan 125, wanda ya zarce adadin da ake samu a yanzu a kasashen Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan da Vietnam. Rahotannin da ba a tabbatar da su ba daga kamfanin mai na kasar Sin ya ma fi kwarin gwiwa, inda ya bayyana adadin da ya kai ganga biliyan XNUMX.
Don haka, duk al'ummomin da abin ya shafa suna da riba mai yawa. Wani muhimmin bambanci tsakanin Sin da Amurka, shi ne cewa wannan takaddamar tana faruwa ne a bayan gida na kasar Sin, mai nisa daga gabar tekun California, lamarin da ya jefa Amurka cikin wani yanayi da bai sha bamban da wanda Faransa ta samu kanta a ciki shekaru 170 da suka gabata, kan yanayin da kasar Amurka ta samu kanta a ciki shekaru XNUMX da suka gabata. jajibirin mamayar Vietnam.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a ambaci cewa, Amurka tana da sansanin soji a fiye da 150 na kasashen duniya, ciki har da sansanin jiragen sama a Singapore, 47 a Koriya ta Kudu da kuma 100 a Japan, yayin da China ta fi son ajiye sansanonin sojanta a China.
Ban da haka kuma, kasar Sin ta kwaminisanci ta mamaye kasashe uku ne kawai tun kafuwarta a shekarar 1950: Tibet a wannan shekarar, Indiya a shekarar 1962 da Vietnam a shekarar 1979. Idan muka duba duk yakin da ya shafi PRC, ciki har da rikicin 1974 a Paracels da kuma rikicin 1988 a cikin jam'iyyar PRC. Spratlys (waɗanda ba su cancanci yaƙe-yaƙe da gaske ba), mafi rinjaye (XNUMX cikin goma sha biyu, ban da yaƙin Koriya, Yaƙin Vietnam da Yaƙin Sino-Bietnam) sun kasance rigingimu na yanki.
Amurka ba za ta iya yin gasa da waɗannan lambobin ba. Ayyukanta galibi suna tada hankali ne, idan ba na riga-kafi ba, maimakon yanki mai tsauri, kuma a cikin tekun Kudancin China yana da tsokana da gangan. A watan Yulin 2010 jirgin ruwan USS George Washington ya shirya gudanar da atisayen soji a cikin tekun Yellow Sea, da ke kusa da birnin Beijing. Jami'an kasar Sin sun yi zanga-zangar, kuma an gudanar da atisayen ne a cikin tekun Japan, amma an shirya karin atisaye a tekun Yellow "wani bangare saboda kasar Sin ta yi batunsa."
'Yan sintiri na baya-bayan nan a wajen sararin samaniyar kasar Sin ko kuma kusa da tsibiran kamar yadda zai yiwu suna nuna irin wannan tunani; tunzura kasar Sin domin tabbatar da daukar fansa. A cikin littafinsa na Theory of International Politics na 1979, Kenneth Waltz ya ba da hujjar cewa manufofin tsare tsare-tsare na kasa da kasa sakamako ne kai tsaye na cewa akwai gwamnati fiye da ɗaya a duniya, don haka gwamnatoci sun shagaltu da rayuwa kuma “koyaushe suna ƙoƙarin ƙara tsaro.”
Tabbas Amurka ba za ta jure da irin wannan hali ba (Rikicin makami mai linzami na Cuba, kowa?) haka ma China. Birnin Beijing ya wuce gona da iri, amma ta fuskar tsarin tsare-tsare na zalunci. Manufar da aka tsara ba don tilasta bin doka ba, amma don yin watsi da doka, kuma yana cikin hakoran wannan kaifi mai kaifi ne ya fi girma.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi
1 Comment
kyau labarin