Source: Gaskiya
An fuskanci matsaloli masu nauyi na gudanarwa na rangwamen kwangila, ma'aikatan Nabisco a Portland, Oregon, ya haifar da yajin aiki watan da ya gabata wanda ya yi saurin daukar nauyin kasa. A ranar 10 ga Agusta, kusan mambobi 200 na Gidan Biredi, Kayayyakin Abinci, Ma'aikatan Taba da Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya (BCTGM) Local 364 ya tashi daga aiki a gidan burodin masana'antu. Tun daga wannan lokacin, ma'aikatan kowane cibiyar samar da Nabisco da rarrabawa a cikin ƙasa sun bi kwatankwacin, shekaru masu daidaitawa a cikin aiwatarwa. Masu yajin aikin sun ja hankali kan kuzarin yunƙurin ƙwadago na baya-bayan nan a Amurka - wani gagarumin ci gaba a cikin babban mahimmin ƙarfin ikon aiki.
Yarjejeniyar Dadi don Masu Gudanarwa, Scraps ga Ma'aikata
Nabisco, wanda ya yi shahararren abincin da aka sarrafa kamar Chips Ahoy! cookies, kukis na Oreo da Ritz crackers, wani reshe ne na Mondelēz International na Chicago. Lokacin da Kraft Foods ya rabu zuwa ƙungiyoyi daban-daban don yin watsi da cin zarafi a cikin 2012, kasuwancin abincin ciye-ciye ya tashi kuma ya sake zama Mondelēz, yanzu kamfani ne na Fortune 500 tare da. $ 26 biliyan a cikin kudaden shiga na shekara. Shugaban Mondelēz Dirk Van de Put an biya diyya fiye da $ 16 a shekarar 2020; a cikin 2017, an ba shi kyauta tare da kunshin biya na $ 42.4 miliyan - 989 sau matsakaicin albashin ma'aikacin Mondelēz. A halin yanzu, gudanarwa ta ƙi sake rarraba kowace cutar ta ta ribar riba; kodayake mutanen da ke zama a gida a cikin 2020 sun haifar da babban haɓakar siyar da kayan ciye-ciye, kamfanin ya ci gaba da yunƙurin rage lokutan kari da fa'idodin kiwon lafiya. Hankali daya tilo da Mondelēz ya mayar da hankali kan matse kowane kaso mai yuwuwa daga ma'aikatanta, hade da irin wannan tsattsauran ra'ayi na zartarwa, ya nuna rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin ma'aikata da gudanarwa, yana haɓaka rashin jin daɗi da ke tara ƙarfi kusan shekaru goma.
Tun da Mondelēz ya ɗauki mallakin Nabisco a cikin 2012, Ma'aikata na dogon lokaci suna da'awar, yanayin aiki ya tabarbare, sadaukarwa ga yunƙurin gudanar da ribar riba. A baya akwai barazanar yanayi na fitar da kayayyaki da asarar aiki: Kamfanin ya rage yawan ma'aikatan kungiyar a farkon wannan shekarar, tare da shuka rufewa a Fairlawn, New Jersey, da Atlanta, Jojiya, kuma dole ne ƙungiyar ta yi shawarwari tare da wayar da kan jama'a cewa kamfanin na iya yin kyau kan barazanar sa na ketare. Shekaru shida da suka gabata, Mondelez canja wurin Oreo samarwa daga Chicago zuwa Mexico - wani motsi wanda ya aikata hukunci daga Trump, Hillary Clinton da Bernie Sanders.
Dangane da wannan baya, tashin hankali tsakanin babban birnin kasar da aiki a cikin Mondelēz-Nabisco ya karu tun bayan tattaunawar kwangilar a cikin 2016, lokacin da gudanarwa yayi ƙoƙarin kawar da fansho don goyon bayan 401 (k) s. A cikin Afrilu 2020, BCTGM ta ba da wannan ƙasa - kawai don kamfanin ya koma kan tebur tare da ƙarin buƙatu masu yawa. BCTGM Local 364 mataimakin shugaban kasa da shekaru 14 Nabisco tsohon soja Mike Burlingham ya ce Mondelēz bai nuna sha'awar yin sulhu ba: "Ba sa son raba dukiyar su tare da ma'aikata ... - wanda yafi kama da jerin buƙatu - kuma kuyi ƙoƙarin gaya mana a fuskokinmu cewa wannan don amfanin kanmu ne, ”in ji shi. Truthout.
Shirin Mondelēz, wanda mai magana da yawun siffanta euphemistically a matsayin "madadin jadawalin aiki," zai buƙaci ƙarin aiki don ƙarancin albashi, a aikin da ya rigaya ya biya haraji da kuma buƙatar jiki. Burlingham ya ce ko da ba tare da sauye-sauyen da aka gabatar ba, "da yawa daga cikinmu sun riga sun saka sa'o'i 13 zuwa 16 a rana saboda tilasta wa karin lokacin aiki, rana da rana, na makonni masu zuwa."
Kwangilar da ta gabata ta baiwa ma’aikata albashin lokaci da rabi na lokutan aiki sama da awanni 8 da Asabar, tare da sau biyu na ranar Lahadi. Yanzu, kamfanin yana son iyakance albashin kan kari ga wadanda ke aiki sama da sa'o'i 40 - ba tare da la'akari da wanne ranaku ne aka yi aiki ba, ko kuma tsawon lokutan canjin mutum. Burlingham ya kiyasta cewa ga wasu ma'aikata, rage albashin karin lokaci zai iya haifar da asarar $10,000 a kowace shekara.
'Yan shekarun da suka gabata a Amurka sun ga wani tarihi mai cike da tarihi na ayyukan ma'aikata, wanda ya yi daidai da mafi girman fifikon jama'a ga ƙungiyoyi cikin shekaru da yawa.
Shirin zai kuma kafa tsarin fa'ida mai nau'i biyu, wanda a karkashinsa za a kara cajin sabbin ma'aikata don inshorar lafiya - dabarar sawa don haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin ƙungiyoyi. Wannan ya wuce gona da iri ya haifar da lalacewa a cikin tattaunawar. Mondelēz-Nabisco ne ya ci gaba da nuna rashin amincewa ya sa BCTGM ta haifar da aikin Portland, yajin aikin farko a kamfanin a cikin shekaru 52.
Haɗin kai ta BCTGM International, yajin aikin ya faɗaɗa zuwa ma'auni tsakanin jihohi. Mondelēz yana da masana'antu uku (Chicago; Portland, Oregon; da Richmond, Virginia) da wuraren rarraba guda uku (Aurora, Colorado; Addison, Illinois; da Norcross, Georgia) - duka shida daga cikinsu. yanzu suna yajin aiki. An riga an shimfiɗa waɗannan rundunonin zuwa maƙasudin. Bacin rai da masu yajin aikin suka nuna a gidan burodin Portland ba su da wata damuwa, kuma waɗanda ke wasu wuraren Mondelēz sun yi tsokaci. Yayi hira da Jacobin, Ma'aikacin mai amfani Afrilu Flowers-Lewis, wanda ya yi aiki a masana'antar Chicago na tsawon shekaru 27, ya bayyana tabarbarewar yanayi: jaddawalin rashin tausayi, fa'idodi da aka soke da kuma halin rashin mutuntawa daga gudanarwa. A watan Yuli, Mondelez an kuma ambata ta birnin Chicago saboda rashin biyan kudin hutun jinya.
Mai magana da yawun Mondelez, nakalto daga CBS, ya bayyana cewa "madadin jadawalin aiki" shawarwarin an yi niyya ne don "inganta kyawawan halaye" tsakanin ma'aikata. A wani wuri, kamfanin ya bayyana manufar nasa shawarar a matsayin "kafa gidajen burodin mu na Amurka don saka hannun jari a nan gaba da nasara na dogon lokaci." A halin yanzu, kamfanin ne bas a cikin ma'aikatan sa-kai (a baki, “scabs”) don ci gaba da samarwa.
A halin da ake ciki, yayin da matakin ya shiga mako na uku a Portland, 'yan wasan sun sami nasara goyon baya mai girma da yawa a cikin al'umma. Mohammed Mohammed, ma’aikacin kamfanin samar da kayayyaki a layin tsinken ne ya zanta da shi Truthout kamar yadda wani katafaren hons na biki daga cikin motocin da ke wucewa suka yi barazanar nutsar da kalamansa: “Ina godiya ga birnin da ya nuna mana goyon baya da yawa. Mun samu goyon bayan kungiya mai yawa; yawancin kasuwancin gida suna kawo mana abinci… Mutane sun san muna da mahimmanci. Muna da karfi saboda juna”.
Irin waɗannan maganganun haɗin kai sun yi yawa, daga magoya baya a ƙasa da kuma kan layi (ciki har da Danny DeVito). A yajin goyon bayan GoFundMe ya tara sama da $50,000, kuma BCTGM yana da ya bukaci kauracewa zaben na duk abincin abin ciye-ciye masu ɗorewa na Nabisco. A kan layin tsintsiya madaurinki daya, mambobin kungiyar sun hadu da masu zanga-zangar sama da dozin sauran kungiyoyin, ciki har da AFL-CIO da kuma UFCW. A wani lokaci, Mike Burlingham, ma'aikatan jirgin kasa na kungiyar a Portland ya tabbatar juya jirgin su kuma sun ki tsallaka layin tsintsiya don isar da kayansu na kayan zaki zuwa gidan burodin.
Masu kai hari a Portland, da na Atlanta, Richmond da Chicago, sun karbi taimakon na gida-gidansu na Socialist Socialists of America surori. Portland DSA ta taimaka wajen daidaita tarurrukan haɗin kai, maci da goyan bayan yajin aiki, kamar yadda Portland Jobs tare da Adalci, ƙungiyar ƙwadago da fafutukar al'umma ke yi. Masu shiryawa ya shiga wani kantin kayan abinci na Fred Meyer ta dozin don sanar da masu sayayya game da kauracewa. Ayyuka tare da mai kula da shari'a Russell Lum ya fada Truthout, “Kukan ne ga Nabisco, tabbas, amma kuma kukan ne akan tsarin tattalin arzikin da ya karye…. Zubar da jini na waɗannan ayyukan [ta hanyar fitar da kayayyaki] shine tsarin kasuwanci na Mondelēz, kuma siginar ga ma'aikata shine, 'Kuna gaba.' Haka Mondelēz ke son yin ciniki, tare da ma'aikatan suna jin kamar suna bakin wuka."
Neman Fiye da crumbs
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata a Amurka sun ga wani abin tarihi na tarihi ayyukan aiki, daidai da mafi girma yardar jama'a zuwa ga ƙungiyoyi a cikin shekaru da yawa. 2018-2019 sun kasance shekarun gwagwarmaya musamman; manyan abubuwan da suka faru sun haɗa da ƙarshen 2019 babban yajin aiki a GM da kuma Red for Ed na yajin aikin malamai na kasa baki daya. An kai ga yajin aiki mai shekaru 30 a 2019. Wasu Bayanan Ofishin Kididdiga na Ma'aikata ya ba da ra'ayi cewa dakatarwar aiki ta ragu sosai a farkon rikicin COVID-19 - kodayake, yana da kyau a lura cewa waɗannan lambobin ba sa nuna ayyukan da suka shafi ma'aikata ƙasa da 1,000. A cikin wannan lokacin, a cikin rikice-rikice masu rikitarwa kamar kora daga aiki da nisantar da jama'a, an sami adadi mai yawa na ƙananan balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron balaguron bala'i ta ma’aikata masu mahimmanci. Madadin bayanai mafi kyawun kama waɗannan ayyuka na yau da kullun, marasa al'ada. A wasu kalmomi, haɗin kai, tsari da kuzari masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun ci gaba da wanzuwa a duk lokacin bala'in. Kuma duk da cewa har yanzu kwayar cutar na ci gaba da yin barna, komawa ga manyan yajin aikin a shekarar 2021 na nuni da yuwuwar dorewar tsagerun ma'aikata.
Matsakaicin girman BCTGM yana sa ƙarfin halin membobinsa ya fi burgewa. A cikin yanayin ƙasa mai ƙiyayya ga ƙungiyoyi, BCTGM, wanda ke da alaƙa da rufe bakin teku da tsire-tsire, ya fadi daga sama da membobi 114,000 a cikin 2002 zuwa kusan 63,900 a cikin 2019 - yana mai da ita ɗayan mafi ƙarancin ƙungiyoyin ma'aikatan samarwa. A tarihi, ƙungiyar ba ta kasance masu gwagwarmaya ba. Kamar yawancin yajin aikin masana'antu, ayyukan BCTGM sun karkata zuwa ga tsaro: kare nasarorin da ake samu, maimakon keta sabon yanki.
Ayyukan jajircewa na BCTGM na lokacin rani na 2021 manuniya ne cewa ƙungiyoyi a Amurka, waɗanda suka sake farfadowa zuwa matakin da ba a gani a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, za su ci gaba da gwagwarmayar su a nan gaba.
Wannan ya ce, "akwai alamu da yawa da ke nuna cewa hatta ma'aikatan masana'antu suna ƙara koshi da buƙatun ma'aikata na rangwame," in ji CM Lewis, edita a littafin ƙwadago. Strikewave. Yajin aikin Mondelēz-Nabisco matakan kariya ne: “Ba mu shiga yajin aikin don samun gagarumar nasara ba. Muna yajin aiki don kiyaye abin da muka riga muka samu,” Cameron Taylor, wakilin BCTGM Local 364, ya gaya HuffPost. Koyaya, ɗauka tare da jerin ayyukan BCTGM na baya-bayan nan, sun kasance ɓangaren ingantacciyar yanayi. Lewis ya ce, "Cewa ma'aikatan Nabisco [suna] yajin aiki a cikin jihohi da yawa ba kasafai ba ne kuma yana da ban sha'awa, kuma yana iya zama alamar karuwar tsageru a hanya."
Membobin BCTGM suna neman kafa: Sun shirya ma'aikata na ɗaruruwan ɗari a a Tennessee Brewery a cikin Disamba 2020. Kuma a cikin Yuli, membobin BCTGM sun ɗauki titanic PepsiCo, ya kai hari a wata shuka mallakar reshenta Frito-Lay in Topeka, Kansas damuwa kama da waɗanda suke a Nabisco. Yajin aikin na kwanaki 19 ya ƙare tare da kwangilar da aka sake sasantawa - wanda bai dace da kowane lokaci na BCTGM ba, amma har yanzu yana da ƙasa kuma ya sami wasu nasarori. Ko da yake bai kai ga nasara ba, wannan yajin aikin ya taimaka wajen karfafa kwarin gwiwar ma'aikatan Nabisco a Portland, kamar yadda Mike Burlingham ya danganta da Truthout: "An nuna hadin kai" tare da ma'aikatan Frito-Lay, in ji shi, kuma "ya yi kyau kwarai da gaske ganin cewa ma'aikatan sun cimma yarjejeniya… kuma sun yi nasara." Burlingham ya kara da cewa, “An yi ta yajin aiki a fadin kasar… mutane na mai da hankali kan abin da ke faruwa. Yana kaiwa ga wani lokaci da mutane ke cewa, 'Ya wadatar da kwadayin kamfani. Ya isa haka."
BCTGM yana adawa da kamfani wanda ya tabbatar da cewa yana son yin tsayin daka don kara cin gajiyar ma'aikata da kuma tabbatar da kwararar riba. Barazanar Mondelēz na bakin teku suna da nauyi a bayansu, godiya ga yarjejeniyoyin ciniki na kyauta da kuma sassauta hani kan motsi na babban birnin. Mondelēz kuma yana kula da ɗimbin ƙarfin samarwa a "superplant" a Mexico - a zahiri, "Mafi girman kuki a duniya"- yana ba wa kamfanin babban tasiri a cikin barazanarsa na canza samarwa zuwa ma'aikata a Mexico waɗanda har ma ake amfani da su sosai. (Hakanan, kamfanin, tare da Nestle, Cargill, Hershey, da sauransu, suma sun kasance. mai suna a cikin ƙarar aikin aji zargin cewa "da sane" ta yi amfani da aikin tilasta yara. Shi ke nan nisa daga kawai ta abin kunya.)
Tare da ikon kamfanoni na ci gaba da samun gindin zama ta hanyar lalacewar manufofin neoliberal da kuma rushe dokokin aiki, ma'aikata sukan sami kansu suna kokawa don kiyaye matsayi. Duk da haka, kamar yadda CM Lewis ya ce, "Yajin aikin da aka yi nasara yana ƙarfafa kwarin gwiwa da ƙarfi, kuma ma'aikatan Nabisco suna fuskantar irin ƙarfin da suke da shi a wuraren aikinsu. Ko da yake wannan yajin aikin tsaro ne a halin yanzu, riƙe layin a yanzu shine kyakkyawan farawa ga ci gaba da tashe-tashen hankula da haɓaka ƙa'idodi maimakon kula da raguwar yanayin aiki."
Ƙungiyoyin a duk faɗin ƙasar suna nuna babban yarda na yajin aiki lokacin da kamfanoni suka wuce abin da ba daidai ba. Masu zaɓen Nabisco duk sun yi tarayya da wannan ma'anar bacin rai na ƙarshe. Ma'aikaciyar layin Oreo Nicole Bertholomey ta ce, "Suna da kwaɗayi. Muna aiki tuƙuru don wannan kamfani, kuma muna da iyalai a gida. Suna samun kuɗi da yawa, kuma har yanzu suna son su kwace mana komai.”
Yajin aikin Nabisco na 2021 yana zaune ne a tsakar runduna biyu masu haɗin gwiwa: haɓaka amincewar ƙungiyar, tallafi da ayyukan yajin aiki, dangane da faɗaɗa faɗakarwa da buƙatu masu girma daga rukunin mallakar. Bukatun babban birnin kasar, a Mondelēz da sauran wurare, ba kawai ba sa so amma ba su da ikon ci gaba da kowane ƙarshen amma riba mara iyaka. Kamar yadda ma’aikacin Nabisco Mohammed Mohammed ya shaida Truthout, yana mai karawa abokin aikinsa Mike Burlingham cewa, "Ya kai matsayin da isa ya isa."
Ana iya jin wannan kalmar daga wasu da yawa sama da ƙasa layin Nabisco, kuma kwanan nan an sami sayayya a cikin ƙasar, daga masu hakar ma'adinai zuwa ofis din The New Yorker. “Aiki” ba abu ne mai ɗaci ɗaya ba, kuma tabbas akwai ƙalubale masu sarƙaƙiya da ke tasiri ga ikon ƙungiyoyi na ɗaukar ikon kamfani. Duk da haka, a bayyane yake cewa ma'aikata suna ƙara ƙin yin la'akari da su - kuma suna jinkirin tura yajin aikin.
Fata ya ta'allaka ne da cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an tunatar da jama'ar da ke cikin rikici akai-akai cewa shirya ita ce ainihin abin hawa na ikon masu aiki. Ayyukan jajircewa na BCTGM na lokacin rani na 2021 manuniya ne cewa ƙungiyoyi a Amurka, waɗanda suka sake farfadowa zuwa matakin da ba a gani a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, za su ci gaba da gwagwarmayar su a nan gaba.
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