Manyan zamba na kafofin watsa labarai Stephen Glass da Jayson Blair sun gurgunta martabar New Republic da kuma New York Times, bi da bi, ta hanyar zame shekarun ƙirƙira labaran labarai a cikin shafukansu. Godiya ga Fayilolin Twitter, za mu iya maraba da sabon memba zuwa babban kulob ɗin su: Hamilton 68.
Idan mutum ya tafi da girma shi kaɗai, wannan rukunin tunani na Neoliberal da aka ambata wanda ya haifar da ɗaruruwan kanun labarai na yaudara da sassan labarai na TV na iya zuwa ƙasa a matsayin mafi girman shari'ar ba da tazara a tarihin Amurka. Kusan kowace babbar ƙungiyar labarai a Amurka tana da hannu, gami da NBC, CBS, ABC, PBS, CNN, MSNBC, The New York Times da Washington Post. Uwar Jones shi kaɗai ya yi aƙalla labarai 14 da aka danganta ga “bincike” na ƙungiyar. Hatta shafukan binciken gaskiya kamar Politeact da kuma Snopes ya ambaci Hamilton 68 a matsayin madogara.
Hamilton 68 ya kasance kuma “dashboard” ne na kwamfuta wanda aka tsara don yin amfani da manema labarai da masana don auna “rashin bayanan Rasha.” Ƙwararren tsohon wakilin FBI ne (kuma MSNBC "kwararre na ɓarna") na yanzu. Clint Watts, kuma tana samun goyon bayan Asusun Marshall na Jamus da kuma Ƙungiyar Ƙaddamar da Demokraɗiyya, mai ra'ayi mai ban sha'awa. Kwamitin shawarwari na karshen ya hada da tsohon shugaban hukumar leken asiri ta CIA Michael Morell, tsohon jakadan Rasha Michael McFaul, tsohon shugabar Hillary ta Amurka John Podesta, da kuma wani lokaci. Matsayin mako-mako edita Bill Kristol.
Fayilolin Twitter sun fallasa Hamilton 68 a matsayin abin kunya:
Abun sirrin da ke cikin hanyar nazarin Hamilton 68 shine jerin asusun 644 da ake zaton suna da alaƙa "ga ayyukan tasirin Rasha akan layi." An ɓoye shi ga jama'a, amma Twitter ya kasance a cikin wani wuri na musamman don sake ƙirƙirar samfurin Hamilton ta hanyar nazarin buƙatunsa na Interface Interface (API), wanda shine yadda suka fara "reverse-engineered" jerin Hamilton a ƙarshen 2017.
Kamfanin ya damu sosai game da yaduwar labaran da ke da alaƙa da Hamilton 68 wanda ya kuma ba da umarnin binciken bincike. Lura shafi na biyu da ke ƙasa ya lissafa da yawa daga cikin nau'ikan dabarun hana inuwa daban-daban waɗanda suka wanzu a Twitter har ma a cikin 2017, amma suna mai da hankali kan "Sirrin Blacklist na Twitter” zaren da Bari Weiss ya yi a watan jiya. Anan zaku ga nau'ikan da ke jere daga "Trends Blacklist" zuwa "Search Blacklist" zuwa "NSFW High Precision." Twitter yana dubawa don ganin adadin asusun Hamilton nawa ne baƙar fata, ɓatanci, ko bot-kamar. Lura cewa daga cikin asusun 644, 36 kawai an yi rajista a Rasha, kuma yawancin waɗanda ke da alaƙa da RT.
Da aka ci gaba da bincike, jami'an Twitter sun kadu matuka. Lissafin da Hamilton 68 ya yi iƙirarin suna da alaƙa da "ayyukan tasirin Rasha akan layi" ba kawai Ingilishi ba ne kawai (86%), amma galibi "mutane na halal," galibi a cikin Amurka, Kanada, da Biritaniya. Da yake fahimtar cewa Twitter na iya shiga cikin fushin ɗabi'a, sun rubuta cewa waɗannan masu asusun "suna buƙatar sanin cewa an yi musu lakabi da 'yan Rasha ba tare da wata shaida ko amsa ba."
Sauran sharhi a cikin imel na kamfani:
"Wadannan asusun ba su da karfi na Rasha ko bots."
"Babu wata shaida da za ta goyi bayan sanarwar cewa dashboard yatsa ne a kan bugun bayanan bayanan Rasha."
"Da kyar shaida na gagarumin yakin neman zabe."
Shugaban Aminta da Tsaro Yoel Roth ya bayyana: "Ina tsammanin muna bukatar kawai mu kira wannan a kan abin kunya."
Wadanda suka kafa Hamilton 68, masu launin shudi da ja na tsohon mai ba da shawara ga Marco Rubio Jamie Fly da Hillary ta Amurka mai ba da shawara kan harkokin waje Laura Rosenberger, sun shaida wa manema labarai. POLITICO sun kasa bayyana sunayen asusun saboda “Rashawa za su rufe su kawai. " Tsaya, dama. Kallo ɗaya na lissafin ya nuna ainihin dalilin da ya sa suka kasa bayyana shi a fili.
Wannan ba kimiyya ba ce mara kyau ba. Zamba ne. Maimakon bin diddigin yadda "Rasha" ta rinjayi halayen Amurkawa, Hamilton 68 kawai ya tattara ɗimbin yawa na gaske, galibin asusun Amurka, kuma ya bayyana tattaunawar tasu a matsayin makircin Rasha. Kamar yadda Roth ya sanya shi, "A zahiri duk wani ƙarshe da aka zana daga [dashboard] zai ɗauki tattaunawa a cikin da'irar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya akan Twitter kuma ya zarge su da kasancewa Rashanci."
Akwai manyan nau'ikan asusu guda uku a cikin jerin Hamilton: sirara ce ta zahirin Rashawa (misali https://twitter.com/RT_America), sannan mafi girman tarin mutane na gaske daga ƙasashen Yamma, sannan kuma kashi - wani wuri tsakanin kashi biyar da na uku - na "ƙananan yanayin mai amfani," "kusa da matattu," "spammy" asusun da ba su tara mabiya da " ba su da nisa sosai a dandalin.” Shugabannin Twitter sun lura cewa asusun aljanu ba sa haɓaka ainihin asusun. Madadin, a ce, rukunin asusun Rasha da ke haɓaka saƙon Trump, ya kasance akasin haka - gungun ainihin asusun Trump da ke kwaikwayi ikirarin Hamilton game da Rashawa.
Roth ya rubuta: "Zaɓin asusun… abin ban mamaki ne kuma da alama ba sabani ba ne," in ji Roth. "Suna da alama suna fifita asusun goyon bayan Trump (wanda suke amfani da su don tabbatar da cewa Rasha tana nuna fifiko ga Trump…
Hatta ma'aikatan Twitter sun yi mamakin karanta wanda aka jera. Sunayen sun fito ne daga sanannun ƴan jarida kamar David Horowitz zuwa masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kamar Dennis Michael Lynch ne adam wata da masu ci gaba kamar Ƙungiya editan Joe Lauria. Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci cewa jerin ba wai kawai magoya bayan Trump ne aka kama ba, amma da yawa daga cikin masu adawa da siyasa, da suka hada da 'yan hagu, 'yan adawa da masu barkwanci. Shugaban manufofin Nick Pickles ya rubuta, yayin da ya ga sunan dan Burtaniya @Holbornlolz:
"Dan kasuwa mai iska," ya rubuta. "Na bi shi kuma ba zan ce shi mai goyon bayan Rasha ba ne… Ba zan iya tunawa da shi yana tweeting game da Rasha ba."
Waɗannan mutane ba su taɓa sanin an yi amfani da su tsawon shekaru don fitar da ɗaruruwa ba idan ba dubban kanun labarai ba game da kutsawar bot na Rasha na tattaunawar kan layi: game da Brett Kavanaugh ji, Kamfen na Tulsi Gabbard, da #Saki Al'amarin Memo, da harbin Parkland, Zaben Donald Trump, da #Tafiya da #Tsaya Tare daLaura hashtags, Makami mai linzami na Amurka ya kai hari a Syria, da Bernie Sanders yakin neman zabe, da “Blexit" motsi don kawar da baki masu jefa kuri'a daga Democrat, kira zuwa gobara mai ba da shawara kan harkokin tsaro HR McMaster, "harin" a kan binciken Mueller, da sauran batutuwa marasa adadi.
A makon da ya gabata, na fara tuntuɓar mutanen da ke cikin jerin. Hankali ya tsaya tsakanin makauniyar fushi ("Masu kashe uwa!") da kaduwa ("Ni tsuntsun dusar ƙanƙara ne mai shekaru 73 a Florida… ta yaya zan zama bot ɗin Rasha?"), tare da wasu kaɗan suna lura cewa labarin ya kasance mai ban tsoro amma ba mamaki. .
"Abin bakin ciki, ban yi mamaki ba amma na fusata cewa an sake zarge mu da yada 'babban labari na Rasha,' a wannan karon a shafin Twitter," in ji shi. Consortium's Lauriya. "Kungiyoyi irin su Hamilton 68 suna cikin kasuwanci don aiwatar da wani labari na hukuma, wanda ke nufin fitar da bayanan da ba su dace ba, waɗanda suke kira 'raguwar bayanai'."
"Na rubuta littafi game da Kundin Tsarin Mulki na Amurka," in ji lauya da ke Chicago Dave Shestokas. "Yadda na yi lissafin irin wannan abu ne mai ban mamaki a gare ni."
"An jera ni a matsayin bot na waje?" In ji Lynch. "A matsayina na ɗan ƙasa mai girman kai mai biyan haraji, ɗan gida mai ba da agaji, kuma ɗan gaskiya na Marine Marine tare da Purple Heart, na ji rauni. Na cancanci mafi kyau. Duk muna yi!”
Tun tana karama, Sonia Monsour ta rayu a yakin basasa a kasar Lebanon, a wani gari da mayakan sa kai na Kirista suka kwace. Sai mahaifinta ya yi mata nasiha da ta watsar da wasu littafan da suka ajiye a gida, don kada a yi mata riko da akidar siyasarta. Bayan an gaya mata tana cikin jerin Hamilton 68, ta tuna da wannan labarin yarinta. Ta ƙaura zuwa Yamma don kuɓuta daga irin waɗannan matsalolin.
"Wataƙila a cikin duniya mai 'yanci, ana kallon mu a matakai da yawa, ta abin da muke faɗa akan layi," in ji ta.
Ɗan asalin Oregon Jacob Levich (@cordeliers) na ɗaya daga cikin mutane kaɗan a cikin jerin waɗanda suka san menene Hamilton 68. "Na tuna cewa wasu kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu ne masu ban tsoro da ke da hannu wajen gano asusun da ake tunanin za su yi zagon kasa," in ji shi. Da aka sanar da shi yana cikin jerin sunayensu, ya ce, "Zan iya gaya muku cewa babu wata ma'ana da zan iya shiga cikin kowane irin tasirin Rasha."
Levich ya ci gaba:
"Lokacin da nake girma, mahaifina ya gaya mini game da baƙar fata na McCarthyite," in ji shi. "A matsayina na yaro, da ba zai taɓa ganina cewa wannan zai dawo ba, cikin ƙarfi da fa'ida, kuma ta hanyar da aka tsara don tauye haƙƙin da muke da shi."
Labarin Levich yana tsakiyar abin da ke da muni game da yaƙin neman zaɓe na Hamilton 68. Wannan McCarthyism na dijital ne, yana ɗaukar mutanen da ke da ra'ayoyi masu ban sha'awa ko ra'ayoyin da ba na al'ada ba da kuma zarge su da "ayyukan Ba-Amurka." Mahimmancin juzu'i na nau'in Hamilton 68 na McCarthyism shine cewa maimakon yin niyya ga masu barin hagu (ko da yake akwai wasu asusun haɗin gwiwar hagu da yawa a cikin jerin), yawancin ainihin asusun sun haɗa da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, tare da iyawa kamar ULTRA MAGA Dog Mama da @ClassyLadyForDJT.
Ko da a Twitter, inda a zahiri babu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin rikodin imel, an gane cewa Hamilton 68 (da kuma aƙalla wasu cibiyoyin bincike guda biyu da ke amfani da irin wannan hanyar) kawai suna ɗaukar maganganun Trumpish na zahiri suna kwatanta shi da makircin Rasha.
Gidan yanar gizon "ya yi zargin gungun masu bin doka da oda da kasancewa bots na Rasha," kamar yadda Roth ya sanya shi, yana samun "hanzari game da yanayin bangaranci, don tabbatar da cewa duk wani abun ciki mai ra'ayin dama-dama ne ta hanyar bots na Rasha."
Wannan abin kunya ne na ilimi kuma, kamar yadda Harvard, Princeton, Temple, NYU, GWU, da sauran jami'o'i suka tallata Hamilton 68 a matsayin tushe. Wataƙila mafi abin kunya, zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai da yawa sun tallata shafin. Dianne Feinstein, James Lankford, Richard Blumenthal, Adam Schiff, da Mark Warner na daga cikin wadanda suka aikata laifin. Watts, wanda a fili ya san yadda za a yi wasan kwaikwayo na rawar da ya taka, ya ba da gargadi ga kwamitin leken asiri na Majalisar Dattawa, yana gaya musu cewa ya kamata "bi gawawwakin” idan suna so su kai ga kasan matsalar tsoma bakin Rasha.
Ko da yake yana da sauƙi a ga yadda zai iya zama mai ban haushi idan aka sanya irin wannan jerin - wani tsohon soja da na yi magana da shi dole ne ya bar dakin ya yi dogon numfashi kafin ya dawo kan wayar - mafi girman lalacewar al'umma, wanda shine. dangane da rahotannin labarai na yau da kullun ta amfani da wannan tsarin "Bots na Rasha suna zuwa". Waɗannan labarun har yanzu suna yin tasiri sosai ga al'adun Amurka da siyasar Amurka kuma sun taka rawa sosai a zaɓen 2018 da 2020, suna sanya matsin lamba ga Sanders, Trump da Gabbard yaƙin neman zaɓe yayin haɓaka irin su Joe Biden (wanda aka fi sani da shi akai-akai a matsayin "manufa). "Bots na Rasha). A sakamakon duk wani rikici na kan layi, ya kasance Colin Kaepernick or muhawarar sarrafa bindiga bayan harbe-harben jama'a, 'yan jarida sun yi tururuwa don yin ikirarin "Bots na Rasha" suna ƙoƙarin "rabe rabe-rabe," galibi suna amfani da Hamilton ko wani kaya makamancinsa don ƙarfafa iƙirarinsu.
Mafi muni, shafin ya ƙaddamar da sabon nau'in labaran karya, wanda 'yan jarida a kungiyoyi suke so Ina Jones, da Washington Post, CNN kuma MSNBC sun ci abinci saboda dalilai biyu. Na ɗaya, sun kasance sun kasance masu zaman kansu na siyasa tare da ƙarshen shafin (da Daily Beast ba ya buƙatar turawa don da'awar bots na Rasha suna turawa Trump flash 'yan zanga-zangar "a cikin garuruwa 17”). Na biyu, abun ciki ne mai sauƙi.
"Ga abin da trolls na Rasha ke haɓaka a yau," karanta wani yanki in Uwar Jones da Kevin Drum, duk sai dai sanar da cewa 'yan jarida na iya yin kanun labarai da sauri kamar kofi na kofi a cikin shekarun Ham68.
A farkon 2018 - watakila bayan tattaunawa da Twitter, wanda ma'aikatansa suka yi la'akari da yanayin "ilimin Clint" - Watts yana tambayar nasa tsarin a bainar jama'a, yana mai cewa, "Ban gamsu da wannan bot din ba.” Ba da dadewa ba, wani mahimmin jigon da ke da alaƙa da Hamilton 68, Jonathon Morgan na "kamfanin tsaro na Cyber" New Knowledge, an fitar da shi saboda yin karyar wani aikin tasiri na Rasha a tseren Majalisar Dattawan Alabama. Ya yi amfani da dabaru irin na Hamilton don ƙirƙirar hira ta kan layi game da ɗan Republican Roy Moore yana da goyon bayan bot na Rasha, ya kama shi, kuma ya sha wahala da rashin mutuncin abin da ya kira "ƙananan gwaji" da aka bayyana a matsayin "tutakar karya" aiki a cikin New York Times.
Ko da bayan an fitar da "gwajinsa" nasa, kuma ko da bayan Watts ya nuna shakku game da "abun bot," ambaliyar labaran "A nan zo bots" ya ci gaba. Kungiyoyin labarai sun yi soyayya da wata sabuwar dabara: Cibiyar bincike ta kirkiro da'awar bot, 'yan jarida sun yi watsi da ikirarin a wuraren da ake kiyayya kamar Devin Nunes ko Tulsi Gabbard, kanun labarai na gudana. Zamba yana buƙatar abubuwa uku kawai: takaddun shaida na wani kamar "tsohon wakilin FBI" Watts, rashin kowane kamanni na bincikar gaskiya, da kuma shiru na kamfanoni kamar Twitter.
A batu na uku, Twitter ba shi da laifi. Ko da yake mutane kamar Roth sun so yin tsayin daka a kan masu fafutuka - "Shawarwarina a wannan mataki shine na ƙarshe: ku fitar da jerin ko kuma mun yi," in ji shi - a ƙarshe mutane kamar fadar White House da mai magana da yawun Majalisar Tsaro ta ƙasa Emily Horne sun ba da shawarar yin taka tsantsan. "Dole ne mu mai da hankali kan yadda muke turawa ASD baya a bainar jama'a," ta rubuta. Carlos Monje, babban mai ba da shawara a nan gaba ga Sakataren Sufuri Pete Buttigieg, ya yarda.
"Na kuma ji takaicin rashin kiran Hamilton 68 a bainar jama'a, amma mun fahimci cewa dole ne mu buga wasa mai tsawo a nan," Monje ya yanke shawarar.
Ko da Twitter ya ja da baya, da ba kome ba. Kamar yadda ya kasance, lokacin da masu magana da yawun kamfanin suka bukaci manema labarai da su nisanta kansu, ba su yi ba - kamar yadda Sanata Dianne Feinstein da Richard Blumenthal ba su yi ba, lokacin da Twitter ya yi ƙoƙarin faɗakar da su cewa labarun "Bot na Rasha" na bogi ne. Horne ta rubuta sau da yawa cewa ba ta da sa'a wajen kawar da 'yan jarida daga wadannan kanun labarai na kutse. Ta rubuta, "Masu rahoto suna ta zage-zage," ta kara da cewa, "kamar ihu ne a wofi."
Na nemi sharhi daga ɗimbin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo - daga Alliance for Securing Democracy zuwa Watts da McFaul da Podesta da Kristol zuwa editoci da daraktocin labarai a MSNBC, Siyasa, Mother Jones, da Washington Post, Siyasa, da sauransu. Babu wanda ya amsa. Duk za su yi kamar wannan bai faru ba. 'Yan jaridar da suka samu wannan dama a zamanin da, daga Glenn Greenwald to Max Blumenthal to Miriam Elder da Charlie Wurzel na Buzzfeed zuwa shafuka kamar Moon of Alabama, zai iya ɗaukar cin nasara. Kusan kowace ƙungiyar labarai tana gudanar da waɗannan labarun kuma tana buƙatar yin tsabta game da su.
Tatsuniyar Hamilton 68 ba ta da takamaiman analog a cikin tarihin kafofin watsa labarai, wanda zai iya ba manyan marubutan kafofin watsa labarai uzuri na kin rufe shi. Za su fuskanci matsin lamba don guje wa magance wannan abin kunya, tun da kusan dukkaninsu suna aiki ne ga kungiyoyi da laifin yada labaran "bullshit" na Hamilton a cikin girma.
Wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman labarun Fayilolin Twitter. Kowane ɗayan waɗannan tatsuniyoyi sun bayyana wani sabon abu game da yadda kamfanoni kamar Twitter suka yi asarar 'yancin kai. A Amurka, an buɗe kofa ga hukumomi kamar FBI da DHS don matsawa kan daidaita abubuwan da ke ciki bayan da Majalisa ta hargitse Twitter, Facebook, da Google game da "tsangwama na Rasha", lamarin da ya zama dole a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin barazana mai gudana don buƙatar buƙata. ƙara sa ido. "Na yi imani da gaske cewa ana kai wa Amurka hari," in ji Hamilton 68 co-kafa Laura Rosenberger. saka shi, Bayan kallon tweets na Sonya Monsour, David Horowitz, da @holbornlolz.
Labarin Hamilton 68 ya nuna yadda ruɗi na ci gaba da "tsangwama na Rasha" ya yi aiki. Dabarar sihirin ta samo asali ne ta hanyar haɗakar bukatu, tsakanin tankunan tunani, kafofin watsa labarai, da gwamnati. A da, za mu iya yin hasashe kawai. Yanzu mun sani: "barazanar Rasha" ya kasance, a cikin wannan yanayin akalla, kawai gungun jama'ar Amurkawa ne kawai, sun yi ado da su kamar Red Menace. Jayson Blair yana da jahannama na hasashe, amma ko da shi ma bai iya fito da wani makirci wannan batsa ba. Abin kunya ga duk wata kafar yada labarai da ba ta yi watsi da wadannan tatsuniyoyi ba.
Lauria ya ce: "Kayan kayan kamar Hamilton 68 ba dole ba ne su yarda da mu." "Amma ya kamata su bar mu mu kawai jahannama."
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi