A wani lokaci, tambayar, me yasa babu gurguzanci a Amurka? bugged wani matashin masanin tattalin arzikin Jamus. Don haka, a cikin 1906. Werner Sombart ya buga littafinsa mai suna Me yasa babu Socialism a Amurka?
Duk da haka, tun daga lokacin, mutane suna ƙoƙarin amsa wannan tambayar. Hanya ɗaya ta amsa wannan - mamaki, mamaki - ta fito ne daga Turai. Zuwa 2022, yawancin Amurkawa har yanzu sun tambayi kansu, ashe babu abin da ya fi jari-hujja? A yau, da alama akwai sabon bege na waɗanda za mu iya kiran su ƙarni na gurguzu - 'yan gurguzu na karni - don tattalin arziki daban-daban daga mai guba neoliberal jari hujja.
Akwai kwaminisanci da ji na gaba ɗaya cewa idan kana da wadata, kai mugaye ne, mai goyon bayan Trump Elon Musk ya taba gaya wa ‘yarsa ‘yar shekara 18 Vivian, wanda ba ya son a hada shi da shi saboda zargin da ake masa na cewa neo-Marxists sun mamaye jami'o'i - watakila wani sabon salo na McCarthy's Ja a ƙarƙashin Gadaje!
Elon Musk kuma tunanin "tarkon kwaminisanci", watau gurguzanci. Watakila fantasm na tarkon kwaminisanci da Musk ya dafa an tsara shi don kawar da hankali daga m yanayin aiki a cikin masana'anta. Tabbas ya zo gaban Musk Twitter fiasco.
Ban da ruɗin Mista Musk - ɗaya daga cikin ƴan jari hujja mafi arziki a duniya - tsawon shekaru, masu sassaucin ra'ayi na dama, masu ra'ayin ra'ayin mazan jiya, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, amma kuma (neo) masu sassaucin ra'ayi sun damu. Suna damuwa da asara da Millennials, waɗanda aka haifa a cikin 1980s da 1990s da kuma Generation Z - waɗanda aka haifa bayan ƙarshen 1990s. Hatta masu ra'ayin mazan jiya Cibiyar Cato yana damuwa - alamar damuwa da gaske.
Duk da haka, waɗannan masu ra'ayin mazan jiya kuma suna damuwa da cewa Intanet ta rinjayi waɗannan tsararraki - maimakon na kafofin watsa labarai na kamfanoni kamar misali, Murdoch's farfaganda kaya Fox. Wannan wata tsara ce da farfagandar gargajiya ta ra'ayin mazan jiya da martani sojojin ba zai iya kara isa ba.
Duk da haka, martani har yanzu sun bambanta da masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na gargajiya. Mai da martani ana buƙatar haɗa sojojin saboda masu ra'ayin mazan jiya - waɗanda suke son kiyaye matsayin da ake ciki - ba sa (a gaba ɗaya) kai hari Capitol. Sabanin haka, masu amsawa suna yi. Suna mafarkin komawa cikin yanayin da ake ciki kafin mulkin dimokuradiyya.
Bayan duk wannan, masanin farfagandar Burtaniya na tsarin jari-hujja neoliberal - The Economist - wanda ake kira hawan gurguzu na karnin da ake jin tsoro, koyarwar da ba za ta magance matsalolin jari-hujja ba.
Tabbas, don The Economist, abubuwa biyu ne kawai ke iya maganin jari-hujja: jari-hujja kanta da neoliberal jari hujja - fiye da ɗaya. A cikin sanannun al'ada, mujallar ta ci gaba da abin da ake zaton akwai barazanar masu rashin sassaucin ra'ayi. Ga The Economist, duk wanda ba (neo) mai sassaucin ra'ayi ba ne, rashin sassaucin ra'ayi ne kuma barazana ne ga masoyin The Economist. jari-hujja.
Ba abin mamaki ba ne, Jamus na gaba-gaba na goyon bayan jari-hujja kowace rana - Kamfanin Handelsblatt – yarda lokacin lura a kan Socialism na karni, Menene jahannama shine gurguzanci na karni? Amsar ta fito ne daga mashahuran nan na hannun hagu da kuma mujallar zamantakewar demokraɗiyya da ake kira tsananin, Millennials ba sa sukar jari hujja - kawai suna son karya shi. Don takwaransa mai ra'ayin mazan jiya - Focus - shi ne, sukar hagu wanda ke zuwa tare da mafita mara kyau. A takaice dai, 'yan jaridu na Jamus 'yar Burgeois sun yanke shawara.
Duk da haka, har yanzu da alama akwai marmarin rarrabawa da bayani akan Socialism na karni. A lokaci guda kuma, zamantakewar al'umma ta dubunnan yunƙuri ce ta sanyawa gwagwarmaya tsakanin tsararraki. Bisa lafazin safiyo ta shafin labaran Amurka Axios, ’yan shekara 18 zuwa 34 a Amurka kusan an raba su tsakanin masu kallon jari hujja (49%) da kuma wadanda ke kallonsa mara kyau (46%). Shekaru biyu da suka gabata, har yanzu wannan gibin ya kasance 20%.
Daga cikin manya na Jikan Z - 'yan shekaru 18 zuwa 24 a yau - kawai 42% suna da tabbatacce yayin da 54% ke da mummunan ra'ayi game da jari-hujja. A Gallup binciken sami wani abu irin wannan: 51% na masu shekaru 18 zuwa 29 suna da kyakkyawan hoto na zamantakewa.
Gabaɗaya, 41% na Amirkawa sun ce suna da ra'ayi mai kyau, yayin da 52% suka ce suna da ra'ayi mara kyau game da gurguzu. Waɗannan lambobi ne masu ban tsoro ba kawai ga manzannin neoliberal a The Economist. Amma duk da haka, ga kashi 60% na Amurkawa-Amurka, 45% na matan Amurka, da kuma 33% na yawan jama'a. wadanda ba farar fata ‘yan Republican ba, zamantakewa yana da ma'ana mai kyau.
A cewar wani rahoto da kungiyar rajin kare hakkin dan adam ta Burtaniya ta buga a watan Yuli Cibiyar Harkokin Tattalin Arziki, UK matasas sun yi ƙwaƙƙwaran juyawa zuwa hagu. A halin yanzu, 67% suna son rayuwa a cikin tsarin tattalin arziki na gurguzu.
Hoton da ke fitowa, misali, a Girka game da matsayi na siyasa a kan ma'auni na hagu-dama na gargajiya - masu ra'ayin mazan jiya-vs.-progressives - yana da ɗan rikitarwa. A cewar Girka Eteron Cibiyar, kusan kowane mai amsa na biyar ya ƙi danganta kansu da wata hanya ta siyasa. A daya gefen bakan - wadanda suka sanya kansu a siyasance - suna ganin sun fi karkata ga bangaren siyasa na ci gaba.
A halin yanzu, 26.9% na masu amsa sun ga kansu a gefen ci gaba, yayin da 17.9% suka sanya kansu a dama. Haka kuma, daya daga cikin hudun matasan Girka ma ya ce sun shiga taron siyasa a cikin 2021 - lamba mai ban sha'awa.
Wannan abin mamaki ne musamman idan aka yi la'akari da haƙƙin haƙƙin haƙƙin taruwa a Girka yayin bala'in Covid-19. Duk da haka, da yawa daga cikin 'yan shekaru 25 na Girka sun girma tare da ƙwarewar tawaye tun 2008. Rikicin Kuɗi na Duniya (GFC) Hakan ya biyo bayan shekaru masu tsauri na tsauraran matakan gwamnati.
Da yawa, idan ba mafi yawan ’yan shekara 16 suna fuskantar kololuwar ƙuruciyarsu a tsakiyar GFC ba. matsalar lafiya a Girka. Ba abin mamaki ba, tsarin gurguzu ya shahara sosai a tsakanin matasan Girkawa tare da kakkausan suka ga duk abin da ba daidai ba. al'ummomin jari-hujja.
Yayin da masu ra'ayin ra'ayi na dama suka yi watsi da gwagwarmayar ra'ayoyi kuma suka koma cikin populism, chauvinism, wariyar launin fata, da kishin kasa; masu ci gaba sun mai da hankali kan rashin daidaito, yanayin, da kuma tambayar sake rarraba kudaden shiga.
Amma duk da haka ba duk burin "'yan gurguzu" na shekarun millennials ba ne masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Misali ɗaya shine neman millennials na Amurka don sauƙi kula da lafiyar duniya baki daya – kafa a Turai a lokacin karshe karni. Sauran millennials sun ce suna son samun fa'idodin tattalin arzikin kasuwa yayin gabatar da wani Samfurin Scandinavian na zamantakewa tattalin arziki.
Har yanzu, sauran millennials ba sa son komawa ga wadatar iyayensu - baby boomer socialism. A cikin idanunsu, abin da ake kira wadata bayan yakin da aka danganta da yawan cin abinci yana da alhakin rikice-rikicen da ake ciki yanzu - ciki har da abubuwan da ke kunno kai. bala'in muhalli. Duk da haka, akwai wurin ra'ayoyi masu tsattsauran ra'ayi.
'Yan gurguzu na shekara dubu sun san cewa duniya, da kuma rashin daidaituwa na gida ya fita daga sarrafawa kuma tattalin arzikin ya kasance manipulated a cikin ni'imar da m da manyan kamfanoni. Suna ganin cewa jama'a na son sake raba kudaden shiga da mulki da gwamnati ta yi domin ta biya diyya.
Har ila yau, suna tunanin cewa myopia da haɗin gwiwar kamfanoni sun sa gwamnatoci suyi watsi da karuwar yiwuwar a bala'in yanayi. Kuma, cewa waɗanda ke mulkin al'umma da tattalin arziki - neoliberal (de) masu gudanarwa, ma'aikatun da ke kusa, da kamfanoni - ba za su ƙara yin amfani da sha'awar talakawa ba - idan sun taɓa yin hakan. Dole ne a mayar da su dimokuradiyya.
A cikin Burtaniya a cikin 1980s, mashawarcin akidar Margaret Thatcher Keith Joseph ya bayyana yunƙurin neman mallakar gidaje a matsayin ci gaba ga masu matsakaicin matsayi, watau ƙaramar bourgeois. "Koyaushe ƙarya" begen neoliberal na yawancin magoya bayansa Thatcher shi ne hakkin sayen dukiya zai magance matsalolin zamantakewa. Manufar ita ce a mayar da masu haya na hagu zuwa masu gida masu ra'ayin mazan jiya domin su dauki akidar mallakar karamin jari-hujja zuwa zabe na gaba da himma ga Thatcher.
Amma maimakon neoliberalism's hallucination na mulkin dimokuradiyya kamar yadda Thatcherism ta yi alkawari, Biritaniya ta fi kama da aljannar mai gida. A cikin shekaru ashirin kacal na ruɗin Neoliberal na Thatcher, yuwuwar matashin mai matsakaicin kudin shiga. adult mallakan wani home yana da fiye da rabi.
A yau, ana kiran waɗannan matasa da haya tsara. Godiya ga neoliberalism, kusan rabin ’yan kasa da shekaru 35 a Ingila suna zaune ne a cikin gidaje masu zaman kansu. Sau da yawa ana bayyana rayuwarsu ta hanyar haya na riba da rashin tsaro na dindindin - rayuwar rayuwar precariat.
A yawancin ƙasashen Turai, mun ga cewa yara sun daina yarda da gado a tsaka-tsakin salon rayuwa. A lokaci guda, dogara ga gidan iyaye yana karuwa. Amma duk da haka, babban abin da ke damun masu ra'ayin gurguzu na shekaru dubu shi ne cewa nan ba da jimawa ba ba za a sami wata duniyar da za ta rayu a kai ba. Sai dai idan mun matsa zuwa ga a makomar dimokuradiyya mai zaman kanta.
Abin da kafofin watsa labarai na yau da kullun ke yadawa shine mafita na karya na manyan attajirai kamar Jeff Bezos ya harbe kansa zuwa sararin samaniya da Elon Musk ya gina wani yanki a duniyar Mars - yayin cin dankalin da aka shuka a ciki. Mask nasa Sh ***. Abin da aka gabatar shine cakuda mai guba na tserewa, fasahar fasaha, neoliberal hyper-individualism, da sheer hauka. A halin yanzu baya kan duniya, muna fuskantar zafin zafi bayan zafin zafi da ƙari bala'o'in muhalli tare da kusan rabin duniya suna cin wuta a lokacin bazara.
Duk da haka, idan hamshakan attajirai suka daina yin manyan motocin dakon kaya, za su iya magance yawancin waɗannan matsalolin kuma har yanzu suna da isasshen kuɗi a banki don yin rayuwa mai daɗi. Duk da haka, sun ci gaba da yawan cinyewa. Sakamakon haka, har ma fiye da matsayin amsa ga waɗannan cututtukan, sabon ƙarfin gurguzu na ƙarni na da ban mamaki.
A cikin 1990s, yawancin jam'iyyun siyasa masu ci gaba a Turai da sauran wurare sun ƙaura zuwa cibiyar da ake kira cibiyar inda, a gaskiya, babu wani abu da ke motsawa ko kadan. Sun yi iƙirarin - sau ɗaya - sun samo Hanya ta Uku. Suna ganin sulhu ne tsakanin jihar da kasuwa. A yau, yawancin masu ci gaba - ciki har da masu ra'ayin gurguzu na Millenial - suna ganin hanyarsu ta uku a matsayin ƙarshen mutuwa.
A zabukan fidda gwani na Amurka na 2016, matasa da yawa sun kada kuri'a Bernie Sanders fiye da Hillary Clinton da Donald Trump a hade. Yayin da suke kasar Faransa, yawancin masu kada kuri'a na Faransa 'yan kasa da shekaru 24 ne suka kada kuri'ar zaben dan takarar na bangaren hagu Jean-Luc Mélenchon a zaben shugaban kasa na karshe.
Daga cikin 10 mafi shaharar masu ra'ayin gurguzu na dubunnan shekaru a duniya - daga cikinsu akwai 'yar Democrat New York Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez – daidai da nuna zeitgeist na tsara.
Duk da cewa masu ra'ayin gurguzu na ƙarni na ci gaba, a wasu lokuta, suna bayyana a matsayin masu ɓatanci na zamantakewa, a yau su ma alama ce ta kyawawan yara akan Instagram da Tiktok, waɗanda ke sha'awar sake rarraba dukiya da ikon da aka samu ta wurin babban yanki na sanannen al'adun gargajiya.
Wasu daga cikinsu ma suna takara a karkashin jam'iyyar Socialists na Amurka. Lokacin da AOC ta karɓi goron gayyata ta kyauta zuwa ƙwallo mai ban sha'awa, ta bayyana cikin riga mai ɗauke da rubutu Haraji Mai Arziki. The Liberal Guardian yayi sharhi, ko a'a ba ku yi tunanin ta tagulla ba… stunt ya faru ne a matsayin sigar rayuwa ta gaske fim din Hunger Games. Amma duk da haka, matakin da ta dauka ya kuma nuna cewa jiga-jigan ba za su iya kubuta daga matasan ba. Matasan da suka bar tsokar siyasarsu ta yi wasa.
A yau, wanda ya fi ban mamaki Generation Z shi ma yana cikin tabo na muhawarar kafofin watsa labaru, waɗanda, ba kamar magabata ba, suna watsi da duk wani ra'ayi game da nasu. A daya hannun, da reactionary yakin al'adu wanda ya barke a yankunan Anglo-Saxon an yi yaƙi da shi ta kafafen sada zumunta kuma ya daɗe ya daina zama babban batu.
Yayin da aka fara yi musu dariya a Twitter da Tik Tok saboda zamantakewarsu, yanzu ra'ayinsu shine ra'ayin mutane da yawa. A gefe guda kuma, gwagwarmayar su kuma tana samun bayyana a cikin gwagwarmayar aji ta yau da kullun. Nisa daga na'urorin kungiyar kwadagon, da ma'aikatan da ba su da kyau Starbucks, Amazon da sauran kamfanoni suna shirya kansu a cikin kungiyoyin kwadago masu zaman kansu.
Idan aka yi duba da kyau, za ka ga cewa wadannan matasa ne ke jagorantar wannan yunkuri ta kowace iri-iri. Ko tsarin gurguzu na shekaru dubu zai sami gindin zama a Turai ba shi da tabbas. Ya zuwa yanzu, babu wani dan siyasar jam’iyya mai ci gaba da ya zaburar da Turawa kamar AOC ya aikata.
Amma akwai alamun sabbin siyasar aji, kamar yadda yajin aiki a asibitoci, a sabis na isar da Gorillas ko a Amazon, da kuma - har yanzu ba a yi nasara ba - motsi kan dumamar yanayi. Musamman tare da batu na ƙarshe, yana da mahimmanci a ƙaura daga zanga-zangar takaici zuwa ga makomar masu ra'ayin gurguzu na karnin da suka gabata, alal misali, bayyani mai suna, kwaminisanci na alatu cikakke mai sarrafa kansa.
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Bada Tallafi