Shugaba Enrique Peña Nieto, wanda ya yi nasarar inganta shirinsa na tattalin arziki mai ra'ayin mazan jiya a cikin shekara ta farko da rabi a kan mulki, ba zato ba tsammani ya fuskanci babban kalubale tun daga watan Satumba na 2014 lokacin da ga alama 'yan sanda tare da hadin gwiwar 'yan bindiga sun kashe dalibai shida, akalla 25 suka jikkata. , kuma sun yi garkuwa da mutane 43 a garin Iguala na jihar Guerrero.
Zanga-zangar zanga-zangar suna neman a mayar da daliban Kwalejin Malaman Karkara ta Ayotzinapa da rai, karkashin jagorancin iyaye, dalibai, da malamai cikin sauri daga Guerrero zuwa Mexico City da kuma fadin kasar. Har ila yau, an samu bunkasuwar kungiyar hadin kan kasa da kasa, tare da gudanar da zanga-zanga a karamin ofishin jakadancin a kasashe da dama.
A daidai wannan lokaci, an bayyana cewa shugaban kasar da matarsa Angélica Rivera sun mamaye wani gida mallakar wani babban dan kwangilar gwamnati, yayin da sakataren kudi Luis Videgaray ya sayi gida a hannun wani dan kwangila. Waɗannan ayoyin na rikice-rikice na sha'awa a manyan matakan gwamnati, ba su da bambanci da waɗanda aka nuna a cikin sabon fim ɗin satire na siyasa na Luis Estrada. Cikakken Dictatorship, gigice hatta jama'ar Mexico da suka fitad. Bayyanar da ba daidai ba a saman haɗe tare da manyan ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa daga busa da aka haifar rikicin siyasar kasa wanda ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin Kirsimeti ya haifar da dakatar da zanga-zangar. Dukkanin halin da ake ciki—kisa, rawar ‘yan sanda, da cin hanci da rashawa a manyan matakan gwamnati—ya kuma haifar da damuwa na duniya game da yanayin Mexico.
Matsalolin Tattalin Arziki
Tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da zamantakewa ya ta'azzara saboda matsalolin tattalin arzikin kasar. Farashin mai a duniya ya fadi a rabi na biyu na shekarar 2014. Tsakanin watan Yuni zuwa Nuwamba farashin mai ya fadi daga dala 107 zuwa kasa da dala 56 a ranar 15 ga Disamba. dole ne kusan ya haifar da yankewa a shirye-shiryen gwamnati iri-iri. Yayin da farashin mai ya fadi, haka ma darajar peso, ta fado daga 12.02-kowa-US$1.00 zuwa 14.39-kowace-US$1.00, raguwar kusan kashi 16%, inda ya bar peso a kasa da shekaru biyu. Gabaɗaya, haɓakar tattalin arziƙin Mexico ya yi jinkiri, yana faɗaɗa da kashi 1.1 kawai a cikin watanni tara na farkon 2014 (ƙididdigar kwata na ƙarshe ba a samu ba tukuna). A lokaci guda, Bashi na Mexico yana ci gaba da girma, kuma kasar za ta iya karbar wasu rance don rama asarar kudaden shigar man fetur.
A bikin cika shekaru ashirin na Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta ta Arewacin Amurka (NAFTA), tattalin arzikin Mexico ya kasa haɓaka kamar yadda aka alkawarta, kuma bai inganta albashi da matsayin rayuwar yawancin 'yan Mexico ba. Ajin jari-hujja na Mexico ya ci gaba da wadatar da kansa, yayin da masu matsakaicin matsayi ke rayuwa cikin rashin tsaro na tattalin arziki, kuma ma'aikata da talakawa suna ci gaba da ganin ci gaba kadan a rayuwarsu. Mekziko tana da attajirai 27. Manyan biyar da kamfanoni sune Carlos Slim Helú (Carso), Germán Larrea Mota-Velasco (Grupo México), Alberto Bailleres González (Peñoles y Palacio de Hierro), Ricardo Salinas Pliego (TV Azteca) da Eva Gonda Rivera (Grupo Femsa) . Slim yana da darajar dalar Amurka biliyan 29.6. Shekara daya da ta wuce, Albashin Mexico ya fadi kasa da na China, kusan kashi 20 cikin 119.7 ya ragu, kuma ba a samu ci gaba ba tun daga lokacin. Akwai 'yan Mexico miliyan 52.3 waɗanda miliyan 8.2 daga cikinsu ke rayuwa cikin talauci, wasu miliyan XNUMX na waɗannan 'yan asalin ƙasar ne.
Yayin da yanayin tattalin arziki da zamantakewar Mexico bai inganta ba, tsaurara matakan kula da iyakokin Amurka da manufofin shugaba Barack Obama na yawan korar bakin haure sun haifar da raguwar yawan bakin haure na Mexico. Kimanin 'yan Mexico 229,000 ne jami'an tsaron kan iyaka suka kama su a shekarar kasafin kudi ta 2014, idan aka kwatanta da 809,000 a cikin 2007. Har yanzu sama da kashi goma na duk 'yan Mexico suna zaune a Amurka. An kwashe shekaru ana hasashe cewa rufe bawul din tserewa da ya baiwa 'yan Mexico da yawa damar samun aikin yi a Amurka zai haifar da karuwar tarzomar zamantakewa a Mexico. Ba a san ko wane irin mataki ne wannan zai iya ba da gudummawa ga guguwar zanga-zangar da ake yi a yanzu ba.
Me ya sa aka fara zanga-zanga a fadin kasar saboda kisan daliban Ayotzinapa? Bayan haka, tun lokacin da Felipe Calderón ya ƙaddamar da yaƙin miyagun ƙwayoyi a shekara ta 2006 an kashe mutane 100,000, 20,000 sun bace, kuma miliyan 1.5 sun rasa muhallansu. Wataƙila abubuwan da suka faru a Guerrero sun kasance raguwa ne kawai wanda ya sa kofin fushi ya ƙare. Amma akwai kuma ma'anar cewa matasa maza da mata na Kwalejin Al'ada na Rural, kusan dukkansu daga dangin matalauta manoma, sun ƙunshi nan gaba da begen Mexico. Daliban Ayotzinapa da suka bace, wadanda hotunansu ke dauke da alluna a cikin zanga-zanga a fadin kasar, sun sanya fuska ga dukkan dubun dubatan da suka bace a cikin shekaru takwas da suka gabata. Daliban, wadanda akasarinsu ’yan hagu ne, kuma suna da alaka da wata kungiya – kungiyar malamai masu ra’ayin mazan jiya – wadanda ke da ikon hada kai da bayar da shawarwari a madadinsu.
Motsi daga Satumba zuwa Disamba na 2014 ya kasance daya daga cikin zafi, fushi, fushi, neman kawo karshen cin hanci da rashawa da tashin hankali a Mexico. A sa'i daya kuma, tana wakiltar wata barazana ta siyasa ga shugaban kasa da jam'iyya mai mulki a jajibirin zaben tsakiyar wa'adi na Mexico. Bayan zabukan Andrés Manuel López Obrador, shugaban jam'iyyar Movement of National Regeneration Party (MORENA), kuma, gabaɗaya. Archbishop Raul Vera da kuma shugabannin kungiyoyi da dama na hagu, sun yi kira ga majalisar wakilai ta rubuta sabon kundin tsarin mulki da kuma sake fasalin kasar Mexico. Vera, wacce ke da dogon tarihin juyayi tare da ƙungiyoyi daga ƙasa, ta yi kira ga "majalisar wakilai ta ƴan ƙasa" don "sake kafa ƙasar Mexico."
Dangane da zanga-zangar, da matsalar zamantakewa da tattalin arziki gaba ɗaya, da kuma buƙatun da wasu na hannun hagu suka yi na cewa ya yi murabus, Peña Nieto ya bayyana cewa a shirye yake ya yi amfani da ofishinsa da ikon jihar wajen tabbatar da matsayinsa. ku. Ya ba da shawara cewa masu zanga-zangar suna kokarin tada zaune tsaye a cikin al’umma ne kawai tare da bayyana cewa shi da Ministan Harkokin Cikin Gida da Shugaban Sojoji a shirye suke su yi amfani da karfinsu wajen dawo da doka da oda. A sa'i daya kuma, shugaban kasar cikin wayo ya kyale masu zanga-zangar su gajiyar da kansu a zanga-zangar da macizai masu yawan gaske yayin da Kirsimeti ke gabatowa.
Mexico: Sauyi ko Juyi? Ko Babu?
Yawancin 'yan jarida sun ba da shawarar cewa Mexico na iya fuskantar babban canji. The Huffington Post shawara cewa Peña Nieto na iya yin murabus. Telesur, Gidan talabijin na Latin Amurka mai hedikwata a Caracas ya nuna cewa zanga-zangar Ayotzinapa na iya haifar da farfado da kungiyoyin 'yan daba. Kamar yadda aka yi McClatchy kafofin watsa labarai. The Christian Science Monitor ya ci gaba, yana nuna cewa Mexico na kan gab da juyin juya hali kuma suna buƙatar sabon Francisco "Pancho" Villa ko Emiliano Zapata (maza biyu waɗanda duk da akidarsu da ƙarfin hali. rasa juyin juya halin karshe). Duk waɗannan rahotannin suna wakiltar hasashe marasa tushe kuma na gaskiya. A gaskiya ma, Mexico ne ba a halin da ake ciki kafin juyin juya hali, ya rage ma rikicin juyin juya hali, kuma da wuya a ce rikicin siyasa da guguwar zanga-zanga za su yi nasarar kawo gyara. Rashin ƙungiyar ma'aikata mai tsari da siyasa a cikin waɗannan zanga-zangar yana da mahimmanci (ƙari akan wannan a ƙasa).
Peña Nieto, PRI, da jihar Mexico sun kasance masu iko a Mexico - duk da cewa aikin da aka saba amfani da shi a cikin babban tashin hankali wanda ya samo asali ne daga babban iko na gungun miyagun ƙwayoyi, kasancewar ƙungiyoyin kare kai na al'umma, da kuma yanki mai cin gashin kansa. kungiyoyi, mafi mahimmancin su shine Sojojin Zapatista na 'Yancin Kasa a Chiapas. Ko da yake Mexico tana da mafi girman matakan rikice-rikice na zamantakewa a cikin shekaru, gwamnatin Peña Nieto har yanzu tana da tsayin daka kan iko. Bugu da kari, ya kamata a tuna cewa gwamnatin Amurka ba za ta taba ba da izini ba: 1) hawan gwamnatin barga ta hanyar zabe ko juyin juya hali; 2) juyin mulkin soja; ko 3) rugujewar al'umma gaba ɗaya. Dole ne Amurka ta ci gaba da bin tsarin dimokuradiyya a Mexico, saboda ba za ta iya kiyaye dimokiradiyya a Arewacin Amurka ba da kuma "gidan bayanta" (kamar yadda ake kiran Mexico a ko da yaushe ba tare da girmamawa ba), za ta rasa amincewa a duk duniya. Don kada a ce komai na biliyoyin daloli na jarin Amurka a Mexico da dole ne a adana su. Sakamakon haka, Washington ta kashe dala biliyan 3 a cikin shekaru shida da suka gabata kan shirin Mérida Intiative, shirin tsaron kan iyaka, yaƙi da miyagun kwayoyi, da kuma yaƙi da ta'addanci da gwamnatin George W. Bush ta kafa a 2008. Ma'aikatar tsaron Amurka kuma tana kashe miliyoyin daloli don horar da su. sojojin Mexico. Amurka ba za ta bar Mexico ta tafi Kudu ba.
Bala'i ga PRD
Duk da yake abubuwan da suka faru a Guerrero sun haifar da rikici ga Peña Nieto da Jam'iyyar Juyin Juya Hali (PRI), sun kuma zama bala'i ga Jam'iyyar Hagu ta Tsakiya ta Democratic Revolution (PRD). Dukansu magajin garin Iguala, wanda ake kyautata zaton ya tura ‘yan sanda ne domin murkushe daliban, da gwamnan jihar Guerrero, shugabannin kananan hukumomin PRD ne. Jam'iyyar PRD, wacce ta yi bikin cika shekaru 25th ranar tunawa, ya riga ya kasance cikin matsaloli masu tsanani kafin abubuwan da suka faru kwanan nan. Cin hanci da rashawa da cin hanci da rashawa akai-akai ya gurgunta ta hanyar fadace-fadacen siyasa a tsakanin 'yan adawar da ke mamaye jam'iyyar, abubuwan da suka faru a Guerrero sun tabbatar da ci gaba na karshe ga wanda ya kafa Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas wanda ya kafa jam'iyyar, ga abokansa na kusa, da kuma sauran membobin PRD da yawa waɗanda suka yi nasara. ya bar kungiyar.
Cárdenas ba shine farkon wanda zai bar PRD ba. Shekaru biyu da suka gabata Andrés Manuel López Obrador tare da mabiyansa sun bar kuma suka kafa MORENA, Movement for National Regeneration. MORENA asali ya girma a cikin PRD a matsayin Lopez Obrador na sirri, sannan ya jagoranci mabiyansa daga PRD kuma ya kafa MORENA a matsayin kungiya mai zaman kanta Nuwamba 2012 ta sami matsayin ta na doka a watan Yuli 2014 kuma ta zama Jam'iyyar MORENA.
MORENA na ɗaya daga cikin jam'iyyun da za su kasance jam'iyyun uku da aka amince da su a bazarar da ta gabata, sauran biyun kuma su ne Humanist Front (Frente Humanista ko FH), jam'iyyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, da Social Encounter Party (Encuentro Social - PES), wata jam'iyyar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya dangane da. coci-coci na Evangelical, wanda ya kawo adadin jam’iyyun zabe a kasar zuwa goma. Don zama jam’iyya, bisa ga dokar zaɓe ta 1946, masu riya guda uku dole ne su nuna cewa suna da kishin ƙasa, wanda a yanzu aka bayyana a matsayin magoya baya 220,000 ko sama da haka a wani kaso mai yawa na jahohi da ƙananan hukumomin ƙasar. Domin ci gaba da rijistar jam’iyyarsu, dole ne kowannensu ya samu akalla kashi 3 na kuri’un da aka kada a zaben 2015.
A cikin jam'iyyu uku da ke neman haƙƙin shari'a, MORENA ita ce mafi ƙarfi. FH tana da mambobi 270,966 da aka amince da su da majalisun gundumomi 221 da PES na da mambobi 308,997 da taron gundumomi 236, yayin da MORENA ke da mambobi 496,729 kuma ta gudanar da majalisu 30 (cikin 32) a fadin jihar.
Ban da haka kuma, a bangaren siyasa, kungiyar siyasa ta Jama'a da Ma'aikata (Organización Política del Pueblo y de los Trabajadores - OPT) ya gudanar da babban taron kasa na farko a birnin Mexico a ranar 12 da 13 ga Disamba tare da wakilai 200 da suka halarta. An kafa shi a cikin 2011, jam'iyyar yanzu tana da babi na gida a cikin 16 na jihohi 32 na Mexico. Martín Esparza Flores na Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Wutar Lantarki ta Mexiko (SME), wacce ita ce ta jagoranci wannan jam'iyya, ita ce ta bude taron.
Kungiyar ta OPT da ke adawa da tsarin jari hujja saboda illar tattalin arziki da muhalli, ta yi tir da PRI, PAN, da PRD a matsayin jam’iyyun babban birnin kasar, amma ba ta soki MORENA ba. Jam’iyyar ta yanke shawarar goyan bayan yajin aikin masu amfani da wutar lantarki da masu biyan kudi ke yi, don tallafa wa gina sabuwar kungiyar ma’aikata, da kuma shiga taron hadin kai na hagu a karshen watan Janairu.
Jam’iyyu da yawa — Karamar Dimokuradiyya
Bangaren siyasar Mexico yanzu ya yi kama da haka: akwai jam'iyyu goma, shida daga cikinsu masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ne, hudu kuma a hagu. Jam’iyyun masu ra’ayin rikau dai su ne jam’iyyar Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) wacce ke kan mulki; Jam’iyyar Action Party (PAN) wacce ta rike shugabancin kasa a wa’adi biyu da suka gabata; Ecological Green Party (PVEM), tauraron dan adam na PRI; Nueva Alianza (NA) wanda shine jam'iyyar Mexica Teachers Union (el SNTE) kuma tana da alaƙa da PRI; da sabbin jam’iyyun masu ra’ayin rikau guda biyu FH da PES. A hagu akwai Jam'iyyar Democratic Revolution (PRD); Jam'iyyar Workers Party (PT) wacce ta fito daga kungiyar Maoist; Ƙungiyar Jama'a (MC - tsohon Convergencia); kuma yanzu MORENA.
Bisa lafazin María Marván Laborde ta Excelsior, bisa kididdigar zaɓe na tarayya, wasu 'yan Mexico miliyan 13 suna da alaƙa da ɗaya ko wata jam'iyyun siyasa. Lambobin jam’iyyun da ake da su sune kamar haka: PRI na da mambobi 5,848,944; PRD, 3,435,979; PVEM, 947,346; PT 892,756; MC, 795,281; NA, 639,174; da PAN, 271,632.
Ta yaya, za a iya yin mamaki, PAN da ke da 'yan mambobi a baya sun sami damar lashe shugaban kasa kuma wani lokaci su mallaki kusan kashi uku na majalisa? Amsar ita ce PAN ta dogara kacokan akan tasirinta a kafafen yada labarai. Abin da ya bayyana sama da duka daga waɗannan ƙididdiga shi ne babban ƙarfin zaɓe na PRI wanda ba yanzu yana taka rawa sosai a cikin kafofin watsa labarai ba amma tare da abokansa PVEM da NA suna sarrafawa ko tasiri game da membobin jam'iyyar miliyan 7.5, wato kusan rabin duka. 'yan jam'iyya. 'Yan jam'iyya kadai ba komai ba ne. López Obrador da mabiyansa sun nuna a cikin 2006 da kuma sake a cikin 2012 cewa suna da ikon shirya dubban ɗaruruwan mutane a cikin gagarumin zanga-zangar da zama.
López Obrador, wanda ya nuna cewa zai zama ɗan takara a cikin 2018, ya ci gaba da kasancewa mai kishin jama'a wanda ainihin siyasarsa ba ta bambanta da ta PRD ba. López Obrador, ba a sanya shi cikin al'amuran Ayotzinapa ba - kodayake, lokacin da ya kasance ɗan takarar PRD na shugaban kasa a 2006 da kuma 2012, López Obrador ya yi yaƙin neman zaɓe tare kuma an dauki hotonsa tare da magajin garin Iguala da gwamnan Guerrero. Wane irin tasiri zanga-zangar kwanan nan kan Ayotzinapa za ta yi kan makomar López Obrador kuma har yanzu jam'iyyarsa za ta kasance a gani. Tabbas bisa gogewar da aka yi a baya ba a bayyana cewa López Obrador da jam'iyyarsa suna da ikon samun rinjaye ko ma da yawan kuri'un da suka dace ba.
Hagu Mai Nisa
Sojojin Zapatista na 'Yancin Kasa, wadanda suka yi bikin sa cika shekaru ashirin a watan Janairu kuma ya gani Kocin da Marcos ya sauka daga matsayinsa na jagora da mai magana da yawunsa, ya kasance mafi girman kungiya a hagu mai nisa a Mexico. A ranar 8 ga Oktoba, da EZLN ta tattara 20,000 na membobinta da mabiyanta a wani tattaki a San Cristobal de las Casas don tallafawa ɗaliban Ayotzinapa, iyalai da abokai, suna cewa, “Raɗaɗin su shine zafinmu.” Duk da haka, yayin da yake da ƙarfi a Chiapas, EZLN ba ta taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da aiki na ƙasa a Mexico.
Masana sun yi iƙirarin cewa akwai ƙungiyoyin ƴan daba guda 40 da ke ɗauke da makamai a Meziko, wasu suna shuɗewa wasu kuma suna tasowa kowace shekara. Da yawa sun bayar sabbin bayanai ko kuma fitar da sabbin hanyoyin sadarwa a bana a matsayin martani ga bacewar daliban 43. Rundunar Sojan Juyin Juyin Halitta (EPR) wacce ke aiki musamman a cikin Guerrero na jihar, amma kuma a wasu jihohi da dama, na ɗaya daga cikin mafi mahimmanci. Mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa Popular Revolutionary Front (FPR), jam'iyyar Marxist-Leninist-Stalinist wacce ta bayyana kuma ta taka rawa a cikin abin da ake kira Oaxaca Commune na 2006 yana da alaƙa da EPR. Har ila yau, akwai wasu ƙungiyoyin 'yan daba na Trotskyist, Maoist, da Guevarist, waɗanda kowannensu yana da ƙafafu a ɗaya ko wata ƙungiyar zamantakewa ko aiki. Babu ɗayansu da ke da alama yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin sabbin zanga-zangar kan ɗaliban Ayotzinapa.
Taimako ga Ƙungiyoyin Ma'aikata Masu Ƙarfi?
Babban abin mamaki na ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na Mexico bai canza sosai ba a cikin ƴan shekarun da suka gabata, sai dai ƙungiyoyin-mafi yawansu suna da alaƙa da jam'iyya mai mulki, tashin hankali, cin hanci da rashawa da haɗa kai da ma'aikata don rage ƙarancin albashi, da wadatar da jami'an ƙungiyar. da lauyoyin ƙwadago—sun ƙaru, suna wakiltar ma'aikata kaɗan. Wani bincike da aka buga a watan Oktoba 2013 ya gano cewa kashi 10.6 cikin 8.8 na haɗin gwiwar ƙungiyoyin jama'a na tattalin arziki ya ragu daga kashi XNUMX zuwa XNUMX. Amma kamar yadda Graciela Bensusan, marubuciyar binciken ta bayyana, kaɗan daga cikin waɗannan za a iya ɗaukar ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na gaske.
Majalisar Ma'aikata (CT) da Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Mexico (CTM), dukansu masu biyayya ga PRI, masu mulki da cin hanci da rashawa, suna ci gaba da mamaye ƙungiyoyin Mexico, yayin da mafi yawan masu zaman kansu. Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Ƙasa (UNT) ya kasance mai rauni tun lokacin da ya rasa goyon bayan National Union of Social Security Workers (SNTSS) wanda tsohon shugabansa ya amince da Pro-business National Action Party (PAN). A cikin UNT, da Ingantacciyar Labour Front (FAT) ya ci gaba da taka rawar gani wajen bayar da shawarwari don samar da ingantacciyar gwagwarmayar gamayyar demokradiyya da kuma al'ummar dimokradiyya. An kafa sabuwar kungiyar kwadago ta tsakiya a watan Fabrairu karkashin jagorancin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Lantarki ta Mexico (SME) da Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Malamai (la CNTE) tare da wasu fanfare har yanzu ba su yi alama ba.
Gwamnatin da ta gabata ta Shugaba Felipe Calderón na Jam’iyyar Action Party (PAN) (2006-2012) ta zama bala’i ga ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, musamman waɗanda suka yi aikin kansu. Calderón ya kori zuwa gudun hijira Napoleón Gómez Urrutia, shugaban kungiyar ma'adanai da ma'aikatan ƙarfe na Mexico (SNTMMRM) kuma yayi ƙoƙarin lalata Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Lantarki ta Mexico (SME) ta hanyar lalata Kamfanin Haske da Wutar Lantarki na Mexico tare da kori ma'aikata 44,000. Ga dukkan alamu gwamnatin Peña Nieto na kokarin kawar da wadannan batutuwa biyu da suka dade a cikin ajandarta, amma idan aka yi la'akari da tarihin da ya gabata dole ne a yi shakkun sahihancin alkawurran da gwamnatin ta yi.
Napoleón Gómez Urrutia, wanda ya jagoranci kungiyar ma'adinai da karafa ta Mexico (SNTMMRM) daga gudun hijira a Vancouver, British Columbia tun 2006, ya sanar da cewa, yanzu da ba a samu wasu manyan laifuka da ake tuhumar sa ba, zai koma Mexico a watan Janairu na 2015. Bayan bala’in ma’adinan Pasta de Conchos da masu hakar ma’adinai 65 suka mutu, sa’ad da Gómez Urrutia ya bayyana cewa lamarin ya zama batun “kisan kisa a masana’antu,” Grupo Mexico, wani kamfanin hakar ma’adinai, da gwamnatin Mexico suka kai masa yaƙi. Gwamnati ta zarge shi da yin almubazzaranci da dalar Amurka miliyan 55 daga hannun mambobin kungiyarsa, yayin da Grupo Mexico da gwamnati suka hada baki don karya kungiyar a ma'adanin Cananea mai muhimmanci. Ma’aikatan Karfe na Kanada da Amurka da Ƙungiyar Ma’aikatan Karfe ta Duniya sun taimaka masa ya tsere zuwa Kanada kuma ya tsira a can.
A lokuta goma sha daya Gómez Urrutia da lauyoyinsa sun tabbatar da zargin da ake yi masa na karya ne kuma a karshe da alama gwamnati ta yi watsi da muzgunawa shugaban masu hakar ma'adinai. Har yanzu wani yana tunanin ko ba za a yi wani cajin ba idan ya dawo. Kuma idan Gómez Urrutia ya dawo - ya yi alkawarin dawowa sau da yawa a baya amma bai yi hakan ba - hakan zai wakilci nasara a gare shi, ga ƙungiyarsa, da ikon ƙungiyoyi da 'yancin ma'aikata a Mexico. Hakan kuma zai zama babban jarumtaka, domin tabbas gwamnati da kamfanin da suka bukaci a daure shi kuma kungiyarsa ta karye za su yi kokarin kawar da shi daga wajen.
Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Wutar Lantarki
A cikin Oktoba na 2009, Calderón ya kama Kamfanin Haske da Wutar Lantarki, kuma ya kori ma'aikata, yana fatan ta wannan hanyar don lalata Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Lantarki ta Mexica (SME) wanda kuma shine jagora a cikin motsi na kasuwanci. Yayin da yawancin membobin SME suka karɓi albashin su na sallama, kimanin 16,000 sun ci gaba da yin gwagwarmaya don sake shigar da su cikin ma'aikatan kamfanin da ya gaji, Hukumar Lantarki ta Tarayya (CFE). Yanzu Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Mexico ta sanya hannu kan wata yarjejeniya tare da ƙungiyar da za ta ba da damar ma'aikata su kafa haɗin gwiwa wanda zai ba da sabis ga CFE. A lokaci guda kuma, ƙungiyar, wadda ta yi bikin 100th ranar tunawa da wannan shekara, za ta yi shawarwari kan yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa tare da haɗin gwiwar, wanda zai ba ta damar ci gaba da kasancewa a matsayin halatacciyar ƙungiyar kwadago ta kasa. Duk da cewa wannan ba shi ne ainihin abin da ƙungiyar ta ke nema ba, da alama tana wakiltar wani nau'i ne na warware rikicin kuma za ta samar da aikin yi ga membobin ƙungiyar.
Malamai Sun Yi Tattaunawa Kan Gyaran Ilimi
Kwamitin Gudanar da Ilimi na Jiha na Ma'aikatan Ilimi na Guerrero (CETEG), ƙungiyar 'yan adawa a cikin ƙungiyar malamai ta Mexico (el SNTE), ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗa kai da harin da aka kai wa ɗaliban Kwalejin Malamai na Karkara na Ayotzinapa. Mambobin kungiyar CETEG sun yi tattaki da zanga-zanga, sun buge da kwace gine-ginen gwamnati, sun kona dakin taro na birnin Ayotzinapa da hedkwatar jam’iyyar PRD da ke Chilpancingo, tare da daukar iko da rumfunan karbar harajin da ke kan babbar hanyar Rana tsakanin birnin Mexico da Acapulco. Malamai da dalibai da iyaye sun kuma mamaye garuruwa da dama a jihar Guerrero, inda suka kori jami’an da ke zaune tare da sanya wasu a wurarensu.
Kwamitin Gudanarwa na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyar Malamai ta Mexica (la CNTE), wanda ke da hannu a cikin irin wannan zanga-zangar a ko'ina cikin kasar, ya kuma ci gaba da shiryawa don nuna adawa da sake fasalin ilimi da majalisar dokokin Mexico ta yi a kwanakin karshe na gwamnatin Calderón. Malaman makaranta sun soki sauye-sauyen da aka samar wa dalibai da malaman makaranta a matsayin wani bangare na shirin rage radadin da kungiyar ke yi da kuma mayar da ilimi a hannunta. La CNTE ta yi kira ga yajin aikin kasa, ba na malamai kadai ba, har ma da dukkanin cibiyoyi da kungiyoyi masu alaka da ilimi, da kuma umurtar mahalarta da su kwace gine-ginen gwamnati da ofisoshi da cibiyoyi na kamfanoni na kasa da kasa. La CNTE yana so kawo karshen sake fasalin ilimi, dawo da duk hakkokin ma'aikata da gwamnati ta dauka, da kuma korar Juan Díaz de la Torre, jami'in kungiyar malamai ta Mexico na yanzu. Elba Esther Gordillo, tsohuwar shugabar kungiyar, tana ci gaba da zama a gidan yari sakamakon kama ta da gwamnatin Peña Nieto ta yi a watan Fabrairun 2013.
Kungiyar Ma'aikatan Mai A Kan Tudu Mai Zamewa
Ma'aikatan mai na Mexico sun tsaya a kan wani gangare mai santsi, su nan gaba rashin tsaro. Matakin da Shugaba Peña Nieto ya yi na Dokar Gyara Makamashi a cikin 2013, wanda zai ba da izinin Kamfanin Man Fetur na Mexico (PEMEX) don yin kwangila tare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu don ayyuka iri-iri, ya tayar da tambayar makomar Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Man Fetur ta Mexico (STPRM). Ƙungiyar, karkashin jagorancin Carlos Romero Deschamps wanda shi ma Sanata ne na PRI, sananne ne mai mulki da cin hanci da rashawa, kamar yadda yawancin ƙungiyoyin sake fasalin matsayi da fayil suka yi jayayya a tsawon shekaru. Wasu bayanai da aka ba da labari sun yi hasashen cewa domin a daidaita hanyar mika mulki, Peña Nieto, kamar yadda ya yi da Gordillo na kungiyar malamai, na iya tura Romero Deschamps gidan yari. A wani lokaci na canjin tattalin arziki, tsohon shugaban Mexico Carlos Salinas de Gortari a 1989 ya aika da 'yan sanda tare da bazookas don su rusa kofofin tsohon shugaban ma'aikatan man fetur, Joaquín Hernández Galcia, wanda aka fi sani da "La Quina," wanda aka kama. gwada, kuma a daure. (An yi masa afuwa a shekarar 1997 kuma ya mutu a bara.)
A gefe guda kuma, da kyar Peña ya nemi shugaban ƙungiyar masu fafutuka a siyasance fiye da Romero Deschamps. Ko ta yaya, mambobin kungiyar na fuskantar sauye-sauye ga duk wanda ke kan mulki a kungiyarsu. A karkashin dokar sake fasalin makamashi, an riga an cire kungiyar daga majalisar gudanarwar kamfanin. Bayar da kwangilar sabis ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da yawa daga cikinsu na ƙasashen waje, dole ne su haifar da raguwar ma'aikatan ƙungiyar, kuma mai yuwuwa kuma a canza ƙa'idodin aiki da albashi. PEMEX tana da ma'aikata 150,000 a kan albashi, yawancinsu sun haɗa kai, da kuma masu ritaya 95,000 waɗanda suka karɓi fansho na kamfani. Shirin ƙungiyar shine tattaunawa kan kwangilolin nan gaba waɗanda ke canza ƙayyadaddun fansho zuwa asusun saka hannun jari masu zaman kansu. Lokacin da aka dawo cikin 1990s an mayar da layin dogo na Mexico zuwa wani kamfani, sun kawar da wani abu kamar ma'aikatan kungiyar 100,000, kuma ba zai zama abin mamaki ba idan wani abu makamancin haka ya faru da ma'aikatan man fetur.
Kammalawa
Tare da sake farfadowar wani babban yunkuri na adawa a Mexico, watanni hudu na karshe na 2014 sun wakilci wani gagarumin sauyi a cikin dukiyar gwamnatin Enrique Peña Neto da jam'iyyarsa ta PRI. Ƙungiyar haɗin kai ta Ayotzinapa da kira ga babban taro don "sake" Mexico suna wakiltar manyan kalubalen zamantakewa da siyasa ga shugaban kasa, jam'iyya mai mulki, da kuma tsarin siyasar da ake ciki. A halin yanzu, rukunin ma'aikata sun kasance a gefe fiye da ƴan kallo fiye da ɗan takara. Canjin zamantakewa a cikin 2015 zai dogara ne a cikin babban ma'auni akan sake dawowa da ayyukan aiki kuma.
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