A wani babban taron da zai yi tasiri mai tsanani a siyasar Mexico da kungiyoyin kwadago, an kama Elba Esther Gordillo, wadda ta shafe shekaru fiye da ashirin da biyar tana jagorantar kungiyar malamai ta Mexico (el SNTE), a ranar 26 ga watan Fabrairu bisa zarginsa da laifin. ta yi almubazzaranci da miliyoyin daloli na kudaden kungiyar kwadagon da aka ce ta ajiye a bankunan Turai tare da kashe wasu gidaje. Babban Lauyan kasar Mexico Jesús Murillo Karam ya tuhumi Gordillo da laifin karkatar da kudade, yana mai cewa ta yi amfani da kudaden kungiyar ne wajen biyan kudin jiragen sama, horar da matukan jirgi, tiyatar robobi, da sayan kayan alatu a Amurka.
Babban Lauyan ya ce an kama shi ne bisa bayanan da sashen leken asirin kudi na ma'aikatar baitul malin Mexico ta bayar. An ba da rahoton cewa ta kashe sama da dalar Amurka miliyan 2.2 a cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata a shagunan Neiman Marcus kadai. An bayar da rahoton cewa, shugaba Enrique Peña Nieto na jam'iyyar PRI ya bi binciken da babban lauyan gwamnati ya yi tare da kama Gordillo, kuma ya ba da hujjar kama shi da cewa gwamnati na kare kudaden mambobin kungiyar.
Kame Gordillo ya biyo bayan nasarar da shugaba Peña Nieto ya samu na turawa majalisar dokokin Mexico da gwamnatocin jahohi wani sauye-sauyen ilimi da aka yi niyya don raunana kungiyar malamai ta Mexico. Gordillo da ƙungiyarta sun yi adawa da sauye-sauyen, amma sun nuna ba za su iya hana su wucewa ba. Kame Gordillo da gwamnatin PRI ta yi wata alama ce ta shugaban kasa da jam'iyyarsa na cewa ba za su amince da adawa da shirin nasu daga kungiyoyin kwadago ko wani bangare na al'umma ba. Sauran shugabannin ƙungiyoyin cin hanci da rashawa - kuma akwai da yawa - an sanar da su cewa da kyau ba su yi adawa da Peña Nieto da PRI ba ko kuma za su biya farashi. Kama Gordillo na da nufin tsoratarwa Romero Deschamps, shugaban kungiyar ma'aikatan man fetur ta Mexico da ta yi kaurin suna, wanda ya yi adawa da shirin Peña Nieto na mayar da kamfanin man fetur na Mexico zuwa wani kamfani.
Deschamps wanda dan majalisa ne na PRI a Majalisar, yana da matukar tsoro, ba wai don tarihin kansa kadai ba, har ma da yadda gwamnati ta yi da magabata. Lokacin da Carlos Salinas de Gortari na PRI ya zama shugaban kasa a 1988, ya yi sauri ya tsoratar da Ma'aikatan Man Fetur da Ƙungiyar Ma'adinai. A ranar 10 ga Janairu, 1989, kwanaki kadan bayan hawansa mulki, Salinas ya aika da ‘yan sanda da rundunonin soji don kai hari a hedkwatar kungiyar ma’aikatan man fetur da bazookas, tare da busa kofa tare da kama shugaban kungiyar Joaquín Hernández Galicia, wanda aka fi sani da “La Quina. ” bisa zargin mallakar makamai ba bisa ka’ida ba. Daga nan Salinas ya zabi Sebastian Guzman Cabrera ya zama shugaban kungiyar ma'aikatan mai, shi kuma Deschamps ya gaje shi a shekarar 1993.
Haka kuma an sanya shugabannin kungiyoyin masu zaman kansu a gadi. Shugabannin Vicente Fox (2000-2006) da Felipe Calderón (2006-2012), duka na Jam'iyyar Action Party (PAN), sun kawo tuhume-tuhume na almubazzaranci da kuɗaɗen ƙungiyar a kan Napoleón Gómez Urrutia na Ƙungiyar Ma'adinai da Ƙarfe na Mexico (SMMRM). Gwamnatin Fox ta gabatar da tuhume-tuhume kan Gómez Urrutia bayan da ya zargi gwamnati da "kisan kisa na masana'antu" a cikin bala'in ma'adinai a Pasta de Conchos a ranar 19 ga Fabrairu, 2006, wanda ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar masu hakar ma'adinai 65. Mafi mahimmanci, duk da haka, yana iya kasancewa yunƙurin Gómez Urrutia na ɗaukar jagorancin Majalisar Wakilai (CT), ƙungiyar ƙungiyoyin "jami'u" na Mexico waɗanda gabaɗaya suna ƙarƙashin manufofin gwamnati da bukatun ma'aikata. Lokacin da ya karbi mulki a watan Disamba na 2006, Calderón da gwamnatinsa sun ci gaba da yunƙurin tsananta wa shugaban masu hakar ma'adinai da raunana ƙungiyar.
Gwagwarmayar ta samo asali ne a kusa da Local 65 na babban mahakar ma'adinan Cananea a arewacin jihar Sonora. Bayan rikice-rikicen ma’aikata da dama da hukumomin gwamnati, daga karshe a ranar 6 ga watan Yuni, 2010, ‘yan sandan tarayya sun far wa mahakar ma’adinan da karfi, suka kori masu hakar ma’adinan da ‘yan uwa da magoya bayansu. Duk da tashin hankalin da gwamnatin Calderón ta yi na murkushe masu hakar ma'adinai, Gómez Urrutia ya ci gaba da jagorantar ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai daga Vancouver, British Columbia, Kanada, yayin da masu hakar ma'adinai suka ci gaba da yin amfani da ayyukan aiki da yajin aiki don samun mafi kyawun kwangila a Mexico a cikin ma'adinai da kuma karafa.
A bangaren shari'a, Majalisa ta biyu na Kotun Koli ta Mexico ta yanke hukuncin 3-1 cewa Sakataren Ma'aikata na Mexico ya yi aiki ba bisa ka'ida ba lokacin da ya janye amincewar doka daga Gómez Urrutia a matsayin Babban Sakatare na Ƙungiyar Ma'adinai, Karfe da Karfe (Los Mineros). , a cikin 2008. Gómez Urrutia da masu hakar ma'adinai sun sami goyon baya mai ƙarfi a cikin ƙasa da ƙasa. Wani bincike da kungiyar kwadago ta kasa da kasa ta gudanar ya gano cewa zargin da gwamnati ta yi na karya ne. A bazarar da ta gabata, wata kotun Mexico ta yi watsi da tuhumar da ake yi wa Gómez Urrutia, wanda ke zaune a Kanada tare da goyon bayan Ma'aikatan Karfe na United tun 2006.
Abin da wadannan lamurra daban-daban ke nunawa shi ne, PRI da PAN sun shirya yin amfani da jihar wajen kokarin karya karfin kungiyoyin da ke kawo cikas ga manufofinsu da tsare-tsarensu. Za a iya ambaton wasu al’amura da dama inda jihar ke amfani da ilimin da take da shi na cin hanci da rashawa ko kuma wasu laifukan da suka sabawa doka wajen gurfanar da jami’an kungiyar, sannan ta rike wadannan tuhume-tuhumen a kan shugabannin jami’an kungiyar a matsayin wata hanya ta tilasta musu riko da siyasar jam’iyya mai mulki. layi. A wasu lokuta, ana iya ƙirƙira shaida da tuhume-tuhume don kawo ƙungiyar ga dugadugansa. Abin da ke faruwa a yanzu a kan Gordillo yana wakiltar wani lamari ne kawai, kodayake wani lamari ne mai mahimmanci, a cikin dogon tarihin magudin jihohi na ƙungiyoyin Mexico.
Shugaba na dindindin
A watan Oktoban da ya gabata ne Gordillo, wanda ke jagorantar kungiyar tun 1989, aka sake zabensa a matsayin shugaban kungiyar. A wata kungiyar da injinan siyasarta ke kula da kusan kowane ofishi, ta samu kuri'u 3,205 ba tare da 'yan takara masu hamayya ba, a wani babban taron da aka gudanar tare da wakilai 3,287. Duk da yake akwai jihohin da malamai masu matsayi da matsayi suka mamaye da kuma inda dubun-dubatar ke yin zanga-zanga akai-akai tare da nuna adawa da manufofinta, 'yan adawar kungiyar a kai a kai ba su fita daga babban taron kasa.
Mallakar da Gordillo ya yi wa kungiyar ya koma fiye da kwata kwata. Lokacin da, a cikin 1989, malamai a duk faɗin Mexico suka yi tawaye ga jagoran ƙungiyar su na lokacin Carlos Jonguitud Barrios, Shugaba Carlos Salinas de Gortari ya shiga tsakani, kuma ba tare da wani dalili na doka don yin haka ba, ya nada Elba Esther Gordillo a matsayin shugaban el SNTE. Gordillo, yana ɗaukar maganganun malaman 'yan tawaye ya yi alkawarin cewa ƙungiyar "ba za ta sake samun iko da irin wannan shugaban siyasa na kama-karya ba" kamar Jonguitud. Duk da haka a yau, yana da shekaru 67, Gordillo ya zama irin wannan shugaba. Ita ce daya daga cikin shugabannin 'yan mazan jiya na Mexico da suka taba rike madafun iko har sai sun mutu ko kuma wani shugaban kasar ya zo ya tsige su ya maye gurbinsu.
Juyin halittar Gordillo bai kamata ya zama abin mamaki ba. Ta fara aikinta na ƙungiyar a matsayin mamba mai aminci na ƙungiyar Revolutionary Vanguard wanda Jonguitud Barrios ke jagoranta, mai cin hanci da rashawa da tashin hankali wanda ya hada baki da Sakatariyar Ilimin Jama'a (SEP) don murkushe muryoyi da masu adawa. Tabbas Barrios ya kasance mai biyayya ga PRI, jam'iyyar da ta mulki Mexico daga 1929 har zuwa 2000. Ƙungiyarsa ta kasance mafi mahimmanci a cikin na'urar zaben PRI, wanda ya iya tattara mambobinta miliyan daya don fitowa don kada kuri'a. An zarge shi, kodayake ba a yanke masa hukunci ba, da laifin kashe malaman adawa.
Ba wani ɓangare na ƙungiyar 'yan adawar ƙungiyar ba, har ma a lokacin juyin mulkin demokraɗiyya na 1988-89, Gordillo ya kasance da aminci ga injin Vanguard na juyin juya hali. Ba ta taba yin magana kan Jonguitud ba, ba ta shiga cikin ‘yan adawa ba, kuma ba ta zama shugabar kungiyar ta hanyar siyasa ta dimokuradiyya ba, sai dai zababben shugaban kasar Salinas ne ya nada ta a kwanan baya, tare da fahimtar cewa za ta fice daga tsarin dimokradiyya. tawaye a cikin ƙungiyar da kiyaye tsarin ƙungiyar da na'urar siyasar PRI. Ta tabbatar fiye da aikin.
Gordillo ya yi amfani da duk albarkatun ƙasar Mexico don sake gina na'urar siyasa a cikin ƙungiyar. Kamar wanda ya gabace ta, ta hada kai da SEP. Hakan ya ba ta albarkatun tattalin arziki: kuɗi da yawa, ayyukan yi ga masu biyayyarta, da kuma ikon ladabtar da masu adawa ta hanyar korar su. Daruruwan ma'aikatan fatalwa na SEP (ana kiran su "aviators" a Mexico) sun yi aiki ga injin ƙungiyar Gordillo maimakon a makarantun koyar da yara. Ci gaba a wurin aiki, a cikin aikin ilimi, da kuma cikin ƙungiyar ya dogara da amincewar Gordillo. Dayawa daga cikin wadanda suka yi aiki a mukaman shugabancin kungiyar 'yan uwanta ne da surukanta.
Gordillo ta kuma yi aiki kafada da kafada da jam'iyyar juyin juya hali da ta shiga a shekarar 1970, a lokacin da jam'iyya daya ta tsunduma cikin mugunyar murkushe 'yan kwadago da zamantakewar kasar. Ta zama shugabar ɗaya daga cikin muhimman ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago na PRI, ta yi hidimar PRI a matsayin Sakatariyar Ƙungiyar Majalisar Zartaswa ta Ƙasa (1986-1987), Babban Sakatare na Majalisar Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙasa (1997-2002), da Babban Sakatare. na majalisar zartaswa ta kasa, matsayi na biyu mafi girma a jam'iyyar.
A matsayinta na 'yar majalisa ta PRI, ta jagoranci tawagar PRI a majalisar wakilai har zuwa farkon shekarun 2000, lokacin da Gordillo ya yi karo da shugabannin PRI. Daga nan ta juya zuwa ga National Action Party (PAN), ta zama mai goyon bayan shugabannin PAN Vicente Fox da Felipe Calderón. A shekara ta 2005, lokacin da ta yi fice tare da PRI, ƙungiyar ta kuma ta kafa nata jam'iyyar siyasa, New Alliance Party (PANAL), a matsayin wata hanya ta matsa lamba na siyasa a kan sauran jam'iyyun. Lokacin da arzikin Calderón ya fara raguwa, Gordillo ya koma kan hanyar PRI, ya zama mai goyon bayan tacit na Enrique Peña Nieto wanda aka zaba a matsayin shugaban kasa kwanan nan.
Karya Baya
Duk da cewa kundin tsarin mulkin kungiyarta yana da wani sashe, irin na kungiyoyin kwadagon Mexico, da ya haramta sake zabe, an yi watsi da shi. Ba ta mulki kungiyar ba tare da adawa ba. A tsawon shekaru 24 da ta yi tana mulkin kasar, Kwamitin Gudanarwa na kasa (la CNTE), 'yan adawa masu zaman kansu, da dimokuradiyya da masu fafutuka a cikin kungiyar, da kuma sauran kungiyoyin 'yan adawa na adawa da ita. ’Yan adawa gabaɗaya suna kula da ƙungiyar a cikin jihohin Oaxaca, Chiapas, da wasu mazauna garin Mexico, da kuma kwanan nan a Michoacán, da kuma samun gagarumar nasara a wasu jihohi da dama. Duk da haka duk da gagarumin tsari na ’yan adawa da tara jama’a na dubun-dubatar da wasu lokuta dubban daruruwan malamai a zanga-zangar zanga-zanga, yajin aiki, da mamaye manyan biranen jihohi da galibin sakataren ilimi da kuma titunan da ke kewaye a birnin Mexico, sun kasa. gina yawancin motsi wanda zai iya kwance mata kujera.
Gordillo ta yi amfani da gagarumin ikonta na siyasa wajen fatattakar 'yan adawa. Ita da masu biyayyarta suna kula da kusan dukkan manyan ofisoshi a cikin ƙungiyar ta ƙasa kuma suna cika dukkan mukaman ma'aikatan ƙungiyar. Sa’ad da lokacin taron ƙasa ya zo, ana canja wurin a ƙarshe don ya yi wa ’yan adawa wuya su halarci ko zanga-zangar. Wani lokaci, kamar yadda yake a babban taron kasa da aka sake zaɓe ta, ana canja wurin taron zuwa wuraren shakatawa masu nisa kamar Playa del Carmen a cikin jihar Quintana Roo da ke Yucatan Peninsula mai nisa da ’yan adawa a birnin Mexico ko kuma jihohin tsakiya. , yamma da kudu maso gabashin Mexico. Wadancan malaman ‘yan adawa da suka fito, ‘yan sandan jihar da masu gadi masu zaman kansu ne suka hana su halartar taron. Wakilan taron, kusan dukkan masu biyayya ga Gordillo, ana samun lada a kowace shekara da kayan wasan yara masu tsada, motocin Hummer na shekara guda da kuma bara na kwamfuta ga kowane wakilai.
Da yake magana da taron, Gordillo ya gaya wa wakilan, “Abokai, babu shakka game da hakan. Wannan ƙungiyar ita ce ƙungiyar dimokuradiyya, ƙungiyar jama'a, ƙungiya mai ƙarfi, mafi ƙarfi a Mexico da duk Latin Amurka." Yayin da majalisar dokokin kasar Mexico ke muhawara kan sake fasalin dokar kwadago ta kasar, gami da shawarwarin tabbatar da kungiyoyin kwadago, ta sanar da cewa, taron ya amince da sabbin dokokin da za su samar da kwamitin sa ido da kuma tabbatar da gaskiya. "Ba mu da abin da za mu boye," in ji ta. Ta yi alkawarin taron cewa idan sun yi aiki tuƙuru za su iya yin komai a ranar Asabar kuma su huta ranar Lahadi a bakin teku.
Duk da dokar da kundin tsarin mulkin kungiyar ya haramta na sake zabe, ko kuma a keta shi, Gordillo ya na rike da mukamin "shugaban kasa har abada." A babban taron da ya gabata, Gordillo ya kirkiro wata sabuwar kungiyar jagoranci mai suna Majalisar Koli wadda ta tsaya sama da sauran shugabannin kungiyar. Sabuwar Majalisar jagoranci ta rage daga mambobi 12 zuwa 8, kuma ta bar tsohon mukaminta na “shugaba na har abada” ta zama babban sakatare na kungiyar, babban jami’in. Kwamitin zartaswa na kasa yana da jami'ai 43, wadanda dukkansu magoya bayanta ne. A sa'i daya kuma, an kara wa'adin dukkan mukaman kungiyar daga shekaru hudu zuwa shida. Ta ba da hujjar waɗannan canje-canjen tana mai cewa, "Za mu yi ƙungiyar a kwance, gaba ɗaya a kwance."
Kuma yanzu an kama ta tana jefa cikin rudani a harkar kwadago da siyasar Mexico.
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Bada Tallafi