Tantuna masu ja da rawaya sun tashi a filin noman Rhineland na yammacin Jamus a karshen makon da ya gabata, yayin da masu fafutukar tabbatar da sauyin yanayi sama da 6,000 suka hallara na tsawon kwanaki na aiki don nuna rashin amincewa da hakar kwal a yankin. Wannan ya hada da gangamin rashin biyayya ga jama'a mai suna Ende Gelände (ko Nan kuma Babu Gaba), inda mahalarta 3,000 suka hana ayyukan hakar kwal a ranar Juma'a da Asabar ba bisa ka'ida ba.
Dauke da jakunkuna na bambaro don kariya daga sandunan ƴan sanda, tare da rakiyar ƙungiyar tagulla tare da ƴan wasa na lokaci-lokaci, masu fafutuka sun fantsama cikin ƙungiyoyin da ke kewaye da ma'adinan kwal na Tagebau Garzweiler lignite da tashar wutar lantarki ta Neurath. Wata kungiya ce ta shiga mahakar ma'adinan da kanta, yayin da wasu ke kwance a kan titin jirgin kasa don yin shinge, tare da hana jiragen kasan kwal isar da gawayi zuwa tashar wutar lantarki. Kamfanin hakar ma'adinan da manyan cibiyoyin wutar lantarki guda hudu da ke yankin na karkashin kamfanin RWE ne, kuma ma'adinin lignite na daya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin fitar da iskar Carbon a Turai.
An tsara mahalarta zuwa ƙungiyoyin ayyuka guda 10, waɗanda ake kira "yatsu," kowannensu ya tsara dabarun su kafin lokaci kuma sun yi shawara a cikin majalissar dimokuradiyya don yanke shawara kan hanyar da za a bi. A cikin kowane yatsa, masu fafutuka sun rarraba kansu zuwa ƙananan ƙungiyoyin dangi don tattaunawa game da nisa da suke da niyyar tafiya game da rikicin 'yan sanda da kuma lura da juna yayin ayyukan.
A ranar Juma’ar da ta gabata kadai, masu fafutuka sun toshe hanyoyin jirgin na tsawon sa’o’i tara, ciki har da jiragen kasa da ke jigilar kwal daga mahakar ma’adinan Hambach da ke kusa, lamarin da ya sa kamfanin Neurath ya rage ayyukansa da kashi 37 cikin dari. Sauran ayyuka masu zaman kansu sun dace da Ende Gelände, ciki har da gungun masu keken keke waɗanda suka kawo cikas ga zirga-zirga ta hanyar hawa a cikin "mahimmancin taro" da ƙungiyar masu hawan dutse da ake kira "Robin Wood," waɗanda suka sauko daga gadoji da ke wucewa ta hanyar layin dogo. A wani mataki kusa da dajin Hambach, ƙungiyar kare muhalli ta Friends of the Earth ta shirya jerin mutane 3,000 don ƙirƙirar "layi ja" na alama game da hakar kwal.
Charlie, wanda ya ayyana kansa a matsayin mai mulkin kama karya wanda ya nemi a sakaya sunansa da cikakken, ya ce toshewar layin dogo shi ne karon farko da ya shiga wani aiki na rashin biyayya. "Na kasance mai hankali sosai, na damu sosai," in ji shi.
Kungiyarsa mai suna Pink Finger, ta tafi da bas a safiyar Juma'a, sannan suka bi ta cikin filayen noma zuwa titin jirgin kasa - a lokacin ne 'yan sanda suka yi karo da su. "Nan da nan suka fara fesa mana barkono," in ji shi. "Mutane suna ta gudu, suna fadowa, ['yan sanda] suna bugun mu."
Ya ce daga karshe ‘yan sanda sun “kare kungiyar,” ko kuma wasu jerin ‘yan sanda suka kewaye su, har sai an bar su su fice a karkashin sunan shiga zanga-zangar da aka yi wa rajista ta hanyar doka a wasu ‘yan kilomita kadan. Sun tashi ne da ’yan sanda, amma ba da jimawa ba suka sake ballewa, a guje suka ratsa filayen don shiga wata qungiyar da ke toshe hanyoyin. Charlie ya ce daga nan ne motocin ‘yan sanda da ma jami’an ‘yan sanda ke hawa manyan kayan gona tare da hadin gwiwar manoman yankin suka bi sawun ‘yan gwagwarmayar.
“Manoman sun zo da taraktocinsu da kayan aikin noma da ke datsewa da sauri a gaba, sai muka ga ‘yan sanda suna hawa taraktocin tare da su,” ya bayyana. Injin din sun yi taho-mu-gama a tsakanin rabin mita da masu fafutuka, inda suka yi kokarin kai su ga 'yan sanda. Charlie ya ce rashin daidaiton filayen dankalin turawa ya sanya lamarin ya kasance mai matukar hadari, domin masu gudu za su iya fadowa cikin sauki kuma injuna sun buge su.
Kusan rabin membobin kungiyar Pink Finger sun hau kan waƙoƙi a ƙarshe, inda suka buga wasannin kati kuma suka tattauna matakansu na gaba. Sai da aka kwashe sa'o'i biyu da rabi kafin 'yan sanda su samu nasarar kawar da su, suna dagawa da kakkausar murya suka jefar da su a gangaren dattin da ke kan titin yayin da masu zanga-zangar ke rera waka ta rashin amincewa.
Ayyukan Pink Finger wani ɓangare ne na yaƙin neman zaɓe na Ende Gelände, amma Ende Gelände yanki ɗaya ne kawai na babban taron da ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyi da ayyuka da yawa. Yawancin ayyukan karshen mako sun dogara ne a sansanin yanayi na Rhineland, wani taron da aka yi rajista a hukumance a matsayin gangamin siyasa da ya gudana shekaru takwas da suka gabata. An raba ayyukan zuwa manyan sassa uku: Sauya Coal (KohleErSetzen) ta hanyar JunepA, cibiyar sadarwar matasa don ayyukan siyasa; aikin zanga-zangar da aka yi rajista bisa doka a kusa da ma'adinan; da ayyukan rashin biyayya na Ende Gelände. Sauran tsare-tsare masu zaman kansu sun dace da ayyukan kai tsaye, gami da wani shirin shirin na Sweden mai suna Disobedience Live, wanda ya ba da gudummawa kai-tsaye kan tafiyar masu fafutuka hudu da ke shiga cikin aikin.
Wannan ita ce shekara ta uku a jere na ayyukan rashin biyayya na Ende Gelände. A cikin watan Agustan 2015, sama da mutane dubu sun shiga mahakar ma'adinan Garzweiler don dakile ayyuka. Sai kuma a watan Mayun 2016, mutane 4,000 ne suka toshe wata ma’adanar kwal da wutar lantarki a Jamus ta Gabas. Masu fafutuka sun yi niyya kan ababen more rayuwa na kwal na Jamus a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, ciki har da toshewar jiragen kasa na kwal daga mahakar Hambach a 2011-2013, da kuma katange na farko a mahakar ma'adinan Garzweiler a cikin 2014. Yanzu ayyukan suna ƙara haɗa kai, yana jawo dubban mahalarta da ƙari. girma mafi nagartaccen tsari da dabaru.
‘Yan sanda sun tsare mutane dari takwas a lokacin da suke gudanar da ayyukan a bana, kuma kusan dukkaninsu an sako su ne a ranar da aka kama su. Daruruwan da dama ne suka jikkata, biyar kuma suka je asibiti, inda rahotanni suka ce an yi ta harbin mutane, an yi musu bulala a fuska tare da jan kawunansu suna dukan kasa.
Wani dan gwagwarmaya dan kasar Sweden mai suna Karl, wanda shi ma ya ki bayyana cikakken sunansa, yana shiga Ende Gelände shekara ta uku a jere. Karl, wanda ke sanye da wani siminti a hannu, wani dan sanda ya buge shi da sanda a lokacin da yake shiga cikin kungiyar Blue Finger, wanda ‘yan sanda suka kewaye kusa da titin jirgin kasa da safiyar Asabar.
Duk da raunin da ya samu, Karl ya ce "kwarewa ne mai 'yanci" don kasancewa tare da wasu da yawa masu son karya doka da kuma hadarin rauni don jawo hankali ga gaggawa na sauyin yanayi. "Rashin biyayya ga jama'a yana daya daga cikin hanyoyin da muke gudanar da a zahiri don sanya batun a kan gaba inda sau da yawa sauyin yanayi ba a rasa."
Ya ce Ende Gelände yana da tasiri saboda tsarin daidaito wanda aka tsara dabarun. "Abin da muka gani a wannan shekara shi ne babban tsarin kai," in ji shi. “’Yan sanda suna aiki tare da matsayi, tsarin sama zuwa ƙasa. Akwai tunani daya yanke shawara. A nan Ende Gelände, muna da dubunnan hankalin da ke yanke shawara.
Daban-daban na dabaru da tsare-tsare na hankali sun ba da damar ƙungiyoyi da yawa su shiga cikin ayyuka tare da matakan haɗari da shirye-shirye daban-daban. A ranar Asabar din da ta gabata ne wasu mutane da dama suka kafa wata kungiya mai suna White Finger ba tare da bata lokaci ba wadanda suka shiga cikin wasu munanan ayyukan rashin biyayya ga fararen hula a jiya. Kungiyar ta yi niyyar haifar da karkatacciyar hanya ga 'yan sanda, da nufin janye albarkatun da ma'aikata daga masu fafutuka da ke toshe hanyoyin jirgin kasa.
Farin yatsa ya jagoranci ayarin motocin 'yan sanda 13 a kan tituna cikin ban dariya, tare da rakiyar wani mai kida da juggler. Yawancin mazauna yankin sun fito don nuna wa masu fafutuka hannu, suna ba da alamun babban yatsa yayin da suke wucewa. Ƙungiyar ta ƙare a alamance a Holzweiler, ƙaramin gari da aka yi watsi da shi tare da fadada ma'adinan Garzweiler. 'Yan sanda sun tare tituna tare da gaya wa masu fafutuka da su koma baya, duk da cewa babu wata doka da ta hana mutane shiga garin. Masu fafutuka sun bazu a gaban majami'ar yankin, inda suka gudanar da taron dimokuradiyya na yanke shawarar ko za su yi kokarin karya layin 'yan sanda ko kuma su koma sansanin.
Mambobin kungiyar sun fito da kayan kade-kade, da raba abinci, da rera wakoki, da wasan kade-kade, da kuma gudanar da wakoki na waka a gaban layin ‘yan sanda. Karfi da sha’awar kungiyar ya kai ga samu wani faffadan dala na dan Adam ya fuskanci ‘yan sanda a cikin wauta, inda jama’ar yankin suka yi ta murna da jinjina daga wajen wadanda suka fito a cikin motocinsu suna kallo da daukar hotuna. Masu fafutuka sun daidaita shahararriyar zanga-zangar Jamusanci "Muna zaman lafiya, me kuke?" kuma ya canza kalmomin zuwa "We are cute, me kake?"
Kowanne yatsa ya yi ta tafawa bayan komawar sansanin. Tawagar direbobin sa kai sun dawo da masu fafutuka daga ofishin 'yan sanda, kuma daya tanti a sansanin an sadaukar da shi musamman don tallafawa tunani da tunani ga masu fafutuka da suka fuskanci mummunan artabu da 'yan sanda.
Sansanin da kansa ya yi aiki a matsayin filin horo, al'ummar dimokuradiyya da kuma jigon ayyuka a cikin abubuwan da suka faru a karshen mako. Da yake jaddada yarjejeniya, rashin matsayi da rayuwa mai ɗorewa, sansanin ya haɗa da abinci na vegan, takin bayan gida, buɗaɗɗen bita, kiɗan raye-raye, azuzuwan yoga da gidan billa na yara. Masu fafutuka da membobin al'umma sun ba da kansu don dafawa da wanke-wanke jita-jita, ma'aikatan rumfunan bayanai da tsaftace banɗaki. An tattauna yanke shawara a manyan taruka na dimokuradiyya, tare da fassarorin kai tsaye ga waɗanda ba Jamusanci ba.
Ende Gelände na shirin ci gaba da nuna rashin biyayya ga fararen hula a tattaunawar sauyin yanayi ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya a Bonn a karshen wannan shekara. A cewar masu fafutuka kamar Karl, yunkurin neman adalcin yanayi ba zai iya ba da shawarar bin yarjejeniyoyin yanayi na Paris kawai ba. Dole ne a maimakon haka burin ya zama wargaza ababen more rayuwa na man fetur, saboda tashin ma'aunin ma'aunin Celsius 2 a yanayin zafin duniya tuni ya zarce madaidaicin sauyin yanayi.
"Muna buƙatar yin aiki don samun sauyi mai adalci, kuma muna buƙatar yin hakan a yanzu," in ji Karl. "Wannan shine abin da mutanen nan suke sanya jikinsu akan layi."
Dabarun yaƙin neman zaɓe na rashin biyayya kamar Ende Gelände yana ba da misali ɗaya na yadda za a iya amfani da babban haɗin kai da ƙirƙira don fuskantar abokin hamayya mai ban tsoro, har ma mai ƙarfi kamar masana'antar mai.
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