Source: Jacobin
Amma duk da haka kudirin zai rage radadin wahalar da mutane da yawa ke sha, yayin da kuma ke nuni da sauyin siyasa da tattalin arziki wajen samar da walwalar jama'a.
Tsakanin biyan kai tsaye, tsawaita rashin aikin yi, kuɗin da aka ware wa jihohi, kuɗin harajin yara, da sauran fa'idodi, yawancin talakawa da ma'aikata za su sami tallafin. far-reaching adadin tallafin gwamnati - kuma mai yiwuwa yanke talaucin yara da rabi. Kuma sabanin na bara kunshin taimako, Biyan lissafin zai tafi kusan na musamman zuwa ga jama'a, ba kamfanoni ba.
Gaskiya ne cewa kusan net ɗin kare lafiyar jama'a babu shi a cikin Amurka ƙaramin mashaya ce don sharewa. Duk da haka, ba a share shekaru da yawa ba. Lamarin da ya barke, da kuma tushen rashin daidaito kafin barkewar cutar, wanda ya kara ta'azzara tasirinta, sun sake bude wata kofa da aka rufe: Tsammanin cewa gwamnati ce ke da alhakin cututtukan al'umma, kuma adadin kudi zai iya kuma ya kamata. a mika.
Kamar yadda tsohon dan majalisar wakilai Barney Frank ya sanyawa Washington Post:
Ya kasance babban sauyi. Jama’a sun tashi daga adawa da gwamnati, sun wuce ba tare da nuna bambanci a kanta ba, suna tunanin: “Muna bukatar gwamnati; Dole ne ya taimake mu, "Kuna da sabon yarjejeniya a Amurka - cewa gwamnati na da muhimmiyar rawa, kuma Ronald Reagan ya yi kuskure. A karon farko a rayuwata mutane na cewa gwamnati ta yi kadan maimakon ta yi yawa.
Frank yayi gaskiya game da canjin, kuma yana da gaskiya cewa Ronald Reagan ya mutu ba daidai ba. Amma jam'iyyarsa ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da kisa ga "jin dadi kamar yadda muka sani," a cikin Kalaman Bill Clinton. Wasu daga cikin wallafe-wallafen masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda ke murnar wannan nasarar sun samu, kamar yadda Matt Bruenig saka shi, "Egged a kan m cuts jindadin cuts a cikin 1990s."
Ya kamata Hagu ya yi gwagwarmaya tare da yadda muke amfani da wannan lokacin, tare da nuna hanyoyin da shirye-shiryen gwamnati ke taimaka wa ma'aikata, da kuma yin aiki don haɓaka kwarin gwiwa da tsara ikon neman ƙarin daga Democrats.
Ketare Rubicon
Daga cikin tanade-tanaden lissafin, biyan kuɗi na $1,400 kai tsaye (ko “cakulan kuzari,” kamar yadda aka fi sani da su) sun sami kulawa sosai saboda tasirinsu na kai tsaye da faffadan roko. An rage adadin kuɗin a hankali daga farko alkawarin $2,000, kuma ya rufe mafi sauri a matsayin rangwame ga reshen jam’iyyar masu ra’ayin rikau. Duk da haka, cak ɗin ya kasance sananne sosai kuma zai samar da haɓakar kuɗi cikin sauri.
Lamarin da ya barke, da kuma tushen rashin daidaito kafin barkewar cutar, wanda ya kara ta'azzara tasirinta, sun sake bude wata kofa da aka rufe: Tsammanin cewa gwamnati ce ke da alhakin cututtukan al'umma, kuma adadin kudi zai iya kuma ya kamata. a mika.
Sauran abubuwan da ke cikin lissafin sun fi mahimmanci, amma shahara da nasarar biyan kuɗin da aka yi a baya kai tsaye - wanda bangarorin biyu suka zartar a bara kuma Donald Trump ya sanya hannu - sun share hanyar samun ƙarin tallafin kuɗi da fa'idodin tarayya. Duk da yake babu wani dan majalisar wakilai na Republican da ya sanya hannu kan kudurin ba da agaji, shaharar da aka yi na binciken abubuwan kara kuzari, gami da masu jefa kuri'a na Republican, ya taimaka wajen dakile adawar masu ra'ayin mazan jiya ga kunshin.
Kamar yadda Samuel Hammond daga cibiyar Niskanen ta dama ta ce New York Times: “Jamhuriya ba za su iya dogaro da gudanar da yakin neman zabe ba. Sun ketare Rubicon dangane da biyan kuɗi. Mutane suna son duban abubuwan kara kuzari. "
A kwanan nan, Zaɓen Jami'ar Monmouth, Kashi 62 cikin 50,000 na wadanda aka kada kuri'a sun goyi bayan kunshin kara kuzari, tare da kusan kashi uku cikin hudu na wadanda ke samun kasa da dala 55 a kowace shekara suna tallafa masa (idan aka kwatanta da kashi 100,000 na wadanda ke samun sama da $XNUMX).
Faɗin fa'idar yara zai sami wasu sakamako masu nisa. A fasaha, kiredit ne na haraji, amma kamar yadda aka tsara shi a halin yanzu, yana da fa'ida mara sharadi ga kowane ɗan yaro ga kusan duk iyalai. Kamar yadda Times ya lura: “wanda aka tsara ta hanyar fasaha a matsayin faɗaɗa bashin harajin da ake da shi, yana da tabbacin samun kudin shiga ga iyalai da yara, daidai da alawus-alawus na yara da ke gama-gari a wasu ƙasashe masu arziki.”
Kudirin yana ƙara ƙimar ƙima da iyalai za su iya karɓa har zuwa kashi 80 ga kowane yaro. Mafi mahimmanci, ta hanyar mayar da shi cikakke, da kuma ƙare mafi ƙarancin cancantar samun kudin shiga a baya, miliyoyin iyalai marasa galihu waɗanda ba su cancanci a da ba za su iya samun cikakken bashi: $ 3,600 ga kowane yaro a ƙasa da shekaru shida, da $ 3,000 ga kowane yaro mai shekaru. bakwai zuwa goma sha bakwai. Maimakon biyan kuɗi a ƙarshen shekara tare da biyan haraji, IRS za ta aika cak na wata-wata har zuwa $300 kowane yaro.
Tare da farashin sama da dala biliyan 100 na shekara, kuma ya kai kusan yara miliyan sittin da tara, riba ce mai yawa, kuma mafi girma idan 'yan Democrat suka yi nasarar mayar da shi dindindin. Zai zama mai wuyar gaske don dawowa cikin kwalban.
Kasancewar tsarin rashin aikin yi na kasa ya kasance na yanzu shine kyakkyawar nuni ga nau'ikan buƙatun da ke yiwuwa kuma ya zama dole don yaƙi a cikin watanni masu zuwa.
Bugu da ƙari, yayin da goyon bayan Republican a kan Capitol Hill ya kasance, adawa da karuwar ƙimar yara ya yi rauni, baya ga mafi yawan kusurwoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya. 'Yan majalisar wakilai na Republican kamar Marco Rubio da Mike Lee sun yi tir da hakan a matsayin komawa ga jindadi da karamin tasiri. Kuma daga gare su tunanin tanki perches, na hannun dama-dama sun koka da rugujewar yarjejeniyar kyamar walwalar jama'a da ta dawwama tsawon shekaru da dama. Sun rataye da taurin kai ga gardama na mayar da martani wanda jindadin ya ɓata kyakkyawan ɗabi'ar aiki kuma yana ƙarfafa iyaye ɗaya. Aƙalla sun yarda da tunaninsu cewa aure ya zama batun tilastawa tattalin arziki maimakon soyayya.
A halin yanzu, an tsawaita fadada inshorar rashin aikin yi da dokar CARES ta yi a bara, duk da cewa rabin adadin. Kamar yadda Doug Henwood yayi bayani a ciki Jacobin a lokacin:
Tattaunawar inshorar rashin aikin yi na Dokar CARES sune mafi kyawun matakan jindadin jama'a a cikin tarihin rashin karimci. Asarar aikin yi daga ƙarshen Maris zuwa gaba ya haifar da raguwa mai yawa a cikin albashi da samun albashi - kusan sau biyu mafi muni kamar yadda aka samu bayan rikicin kuɗi na 2008 kuma ya wuce kawai ta farkon Babban Mawuyacin hali a farkon 1930s. Amma waɗancan faɗuwar sun fi lada ta hanyar karuwar fa'idodin inshorar rashin aikin yi, tare da cak ɗin $1,200. Wadannan kudaden sun kasance masu girma da cewa samun kudin shiga na sirri ya tashi gaba daya duk da giant buga ga albashi da albashi.
Amurka ba ta da tsarin inshorar rashin aikin yi na ƙasa, a maimakon haka ta dogara da tsarin tsarin matakin jiha, tare da bambance-bambancen matakan rabon fa'ida. Gabatar da wani ƙarin fa'ida na tarayya yana da yuwuwar mayar da ƙarancin taimako daga jahohi zuwa tsari mai inganci.
Cewa 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat sun yarda su raba ƙarin adadin fa'ida daga $ 600 zuwa $ 300 a kowane mako rangwame ne mai lalacewa. Amma kasancewar tsarin rashin aikin yi na ƙasa ya kasance na ɗan lokaci, alama ce mai kyau na nau'ikan buƙatun da suke da yuwuwa kuma waɗanda suka wajaba don yaƙi a cikin watanni masu zuwa.
Kudi A Aljihunmu
A hade, biyan kuɗi kai tsaye, fa'idodin kula da yara, da inshorar rashin aikin yi, da sama da dala biliyan 70 a cikin tallafi don wasu ayyuka da fa'idodi kamar Medicaid, Shirin Taimakon Abinci na Abinci (SNAP), da taimakon haya da jinginar gida, za su sanya kuɗi a hannun mutane. in mun gwada da sauri.
Akwai abubuwan da suka daɗe suna haifar da ƙarin kudade ga gwamnatocin jihohi da ƙananan hukumomi, makarantu da cibiyoyin kula da yara. Shekaru da yawa, iyalai da ƙungiyoyin malamai suna yin lacca ta hanyar masu zaman kansu masu ra'ayin ra'ayi cewa "ba da kuɗi a makarantu" ba zai taimaka musu ba. Yanzu an ware dala biliyan 200 ga makarantun firamare da sakandare, da kuma dala biliyan 350 ga gwamnatocin jahohi, da kananan hukumomi, da na kabilu.
Babu shakka, wannan kuɗin zai cike giɓin giɓi nan take kawai kuma ba zai magance rashin kuɗi na tsari da rarrabuwar kabilanci ba. Don sanya waɗannan lambobi cikin hangen nesa, kasafin kuɗin makarantar New York kaɗai shine dala biliyan 34 a shekara. Amma yayin da ci gaba da raguwa zuwa ilimi nasara ce kawai, yana da mahimmanci. Kudaden ilimi ya ƙunshi fiye da kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na kasafin kuɗi na jihohi, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama babban manufa don rage kasafin kuɗi. Gundumomin makarantu a duk faɗin ƙasar suna da har yanzu ba a murmure ba daga raguwar da aka yi a lokacin babban koma bayan tattalin arziki.
Haka nan dala biliyan 350 da aka ware wa jahohi da kananan hukumomi ba karamin abu ba ne. Jihar New York, alal misali, za ta sami tallafin dala biliyan 23.5. A cewar hukumar Urban Cibiyar, jihar ya zuwa yanzu ta yi asarar kusan dala biliyan 2.5 na kudaden haraji a lokacin barkewar cutar. Ba kamar Dokar CARES ba, ba da tallafi ga jihohi bai iyakance ga kashe kuɗi da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da COVID-19 ba, ta yadda za a iya amfani da kudade ga fa'ida. Kamar yadda Eric Levitz jãyayya, Taimakawa ga Jihohi "yana inganta haɓakar hagu don samun nasarar gyare-gyaren ci gaba a matakin ƙananan hukumomi ta hanyar barin jihohi cikin lafiyar kasafin kuɗi fiye da yadda suka kasance kafin annoba."
A kan ma'auni, dala tiriliyan 1.9, wanda aka yi niyya kawai don samar da fa'idodin jama'a, nasara ce. Ba zai juyar da rashin daidaiton tsari na dogon lokaci ba, ko hare-haren da aka kwashe shekaru da yawa akan ma'aikata. Haka kuma ba ta kawo Amurka ko'ina daidai da abin da sauran kasashe masu arziki suka samar wa al'ummarsu ba. Amma kudurin dokar na iya inganta aikin yi da lafiyar tattalin arzikin ma'aikata daga inda suke kafin barkewar cutar. A cikin wannan tsari, zai iya juyar da kamfas ɗin siyasar Amurka zuwa wata hanya daban fiye da na bakin ciki, mai tsananin raɗaɗi wanda aka kulle shi cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata.
Ƙaddamar da lissafin zai iya inganta aikin yi da lafiyar tattalin arzikin ma'aikata daga inda suke kafin cutar. A cikin wannan tsari, yana iya juyar da kamfas ɗin siyasa na Amurka zuwa wata hanya fiye da tabarbarewar halin kunci, wanda aka kulle shi cikin shekaru arba'in da suka gabata.
Gaskiyar cewa wannan yana faruwa a ƙarƙashin jagorancin Shugaba Joe Biden - wanda sadaukar da kai ga austerity ne dogon tsaye - alama ce ta yadda yanayin tattalin arzikin Amurka da siyasar Amurka ya canza a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
A Pendulum Shift
Shekaru hudu da suka gabata, sannan – Shugaban Reserve na Tarayya Paul Volcker da gangan ya jawo koma bayan tattalin arziki mai muni ta hanyar hawan ruwa sama don yaki da hauhawar farashin kayayyaki. Shugaba Ronald Reagan ya yi nuni da goyon bayan gwamnati ga wani harin da masu daukar ma'aikata suka kai ta hanyar harbi sama da dubu goma sha daya masu kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama. Kuma a Burtaniya, Margaret Thatcher ta murkushe kungiyar masu hakar ma'adinan kwal, kuma ta ci gaba da yin katsalandan da mayar da hannun jari.
Wadannan abubuwan da suka faru sun kasance daga cikin abubuwan budewa na zamanin neoliberalism, wanda ya lalata ƙungiyar masu aiki da yanayin rayuwa tun. Hikimar al'ada ta wannan zamani ta fifita kudi fiye da tarun tsaro da gibin shawagi akan kashe kuɗin gwamnati.
Amma bazarar da ta gabata, tare da yaɗuwar kulle-kulle a duniya, samarwa, aiki, da buƙatu duk sun haifar da saurin da ba a taɓa gani ba. Gwamnatoci sun yi amfani da makudan kudade don ci gaba da tattalin arzikinsu kan tallafin rayuwa. A cikin wannan tsari, ƙila an ƙaddamar da canjin tsarin tattalin arziki.
A wani juyi na taken Margaret Thatcher mai firgita "babu wani zabi" ga tsarin neman sassaucin ra'ayi na kasuwa mai 'yanci, tsananin rikicin, barazanar tabarbarewar tattalin arziki na dogon lokaci, da kuma gogewar martanin da gwamnati ta mayar game da Babban koma bayan tattalin arziki da abin da ya biyo baya. rashin samun waraka, ya gamsar da yawancin masu mulki cewa gwamnatoci ba su da wani abin da ya rage sai su ciyo bashi da kuma kashe hanyarsu daga rikicin. Austerity orthodoxy yana da ɗan jajircewa tsakanin masu tsara manufofi, manyan 'yan kasuwa, mutane masu aiki da yawa.
Sakatariyar Baitulmalin Amurka Janet Yellen ta wakilci kusan yarjejeniya lokacin da ta ke jayayya: “Ba zaɓaɓɓen shugaban ƙasa ba, ko ni, ba mu ba da shawarar wannan tallafin ba tare da nuna godiya ga nauyin bashin ƙasar ba. Amma a yanzu, tare da rates riba a tarihi lows, mafi wayo abin da za mu iya yi shi ne babban aiki. A cikin dogon lokaci, na yi imanin fa'idar za ta zarce yawan kuɗin da ake kashewa, musamman ma idan muka damu da taimakon mutanen da suka daɗe suna fafitika.
Ra'ayin ijma'i da ke kunno kai yana kallon rikicin da ba za a iya warwarewa a matsayin a babbar barazana fiye da bashi da hauhawar farashin kaya. Farashin biyan bashi yana da arha idan aka yi la'akari da ƙarancin riba na tarihi. Kuma masu tsara manufofin suna yin yunƙurin samun karuwar kudaden shiga da zarar tattalin arzikin ya farfado.
Amma wata alama ta dogara a tsakanin 'yan jari hujja shine har yanzu abysmally low matakin Ƙungiyar ma'aikata ta Amurka. Paul Heideman jayayya, "Kumburi tambaya ce ta siyasar aji." Haɓakar tattalin arziƙin da ake sa ran zai haifar daga kashe kuɗi mai kuzari ba lallai ba ne ya zama ma'anar ƙarin ƙarin albashi don haka hauhawar farashin kaya. Heideman ya yi bayanin, "Kudin da gwamnati ke kashewa yana haifar da hauhawar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ne kawai lokacin da ma'aikata ke da ƙarfi don hana 'yan jari-hujja daga kama duk kuɗin da ake rarrabawa."
Tabbas wannan shine darasin da aka dauka daga shugabancin Trump. "Wataƙila ba shine mafi kyawun tattalin arziƙi ba, kamar yadda [Trump] ya yi iƙirari akai-akai," in ji Neil Irwin. New York Times, "amma ya kasance mafi ƙarfi tun daga ƙarshen 1990s." Yayin da rashin aikin yi ya ragu kuma matakan samun kudin shiga ya karu a matsakaici, ba abin da ya faru da gaske don haifar da hauhawar farashin kaya. Tare da haɓaka arziƙi a kowane lokaci mafi girma a cikin Amurka, akwai yalwar ɗaki mai ɗorewa don ajin jari-hujja don ɗaukar wasu ƙarin albashi ba tare da canza waɗannan farashin zuwa farashi mafi girma ba.
Hakika, tallafin da gwamnati ke kashewa ya fito daga cikin Rukunin Kasuwancin Amurka, shugabannin kamfanoni, Da Asusun Kuɗi na Duniya - sojojin da yawanci za ku yi tsammanin samun a ɗayan ƙarshen "hakin" kasafin kuɗi tare da muhawarar kashe kuɗi.
Yana da ɗan gamsarwa don nemo mai magana da yawun neoliberal Larry Summers, mutumin da ke da dogon tarihin amfani "m tasiri"A Washington, yanzu ya zama firayi da ɗan rinjaye akan kowa. Lokacin bazara ya koma rayuwar jama'a daga bacci don yin lacca akan kashe kashe kuzari zaiyi girma sosai, da kuma fitar da hujjojin fasaha game da "ƙa'idodi masu iyakancewa” na duba kai tsaye ga iyalai. An yi watsi da hujjojinsa cikin jinƙai.
Yin Amfani da Sashe na Nasara
Muna a lokacin da ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba arziki da kuma samun kudin shiga polarization, lokacin da kashi 1 cikin 2 na masu hannu da shuni ke iko da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na dukiyar al'ummar ƙasar, yayin da ƙasan rabin al'ummar ƙasar ke raba kashi XNUMX cikin XNUMX na rarar dukiya a tsakanin su. Matakan ban mamaki na rashin daidaituwar arzikin kafin barkewar cutar sune ke da alhakin gazawar al'umma don shawo kan yaduwar cutar da tabarbarewar tattalin arzikinta: Rushewar tsarin kiwon lafiyar jama'a, tsarin rashin aikin yi na jihohi da aka tsara don hana mutane shiga cikin jerin gwano, gurɓatattun makarantu waɗanda ke da wuya. yi tsammanin tagogin da za su iya buɗewa, balle na'urorin haɓaka iska.
A bara, tattalin arzikin Amurka ya ragu da kashi 3.5 na ban mamaki. Ayyuka sun fara dawowa, amma tattalin arzikin Amurka har yanzu yana kusan ayyuka miliyan goma a baya inda yake kafin barkewar cutar. Adadin rashin aikin yi a hukumance ya ragu zuwa sama da kashi 6 cikin dari, amma da zarar an kirga adadin ma’aikatan da suka daina neman aiki, adadin ya kai kashi 9.5.
Yakamata mu rungumi wannan nasara ta wani bangare don abin da yake - kuma muyi yaƙi kamar jahannama don ƙarin.
koma bayan tattalin arziki ya yi tasiri ma'aikata masu karancin albashi da masu launi mafi. Sun fada cikin rami mafi zurfi kuma sun kasance sun fi jinkirin dawo da ayyukansu. Musamman mata baƙi da Latina sun sha wahala mafi girman asarar aikin yi dangane da inda suke kafin barkewar cutar.
Kudirin doka na baya-bayan nan ba zai ba da amsa ga rikicin ba, kuma tabbas ba zai isa ya canza zurfin rashin daidaiton arzikin da ke bayansa ba. Amma zai kawo gagarumin canji a rayuwar mutane, kuma a cikin wannan tsari zai samar da wuri mai albarka don Hagu ya tsara.
A waje daya, Amurkawa za su ga irin tasirin da gwamnati ke yi ga rayuwarsu, kuma za a kara zubar da kimar akidar kyamar jama'a. A gefe guda, yayin da 'yan jam'iyyar Democrat ke fatan sanya aƙalla bashin harajin yara na dindindin, sadaukarwarsu ga wannan aikin (da kuma haɓaka mafi ƙarancin albashi ko ci gaba da haɓaka rashin aikin yi na tarayya) yana da ƙarfi kawai kamar yadda ba ya harzuka kamfanoni na Amurka. ko kuma su fuskanci adawa mai karfi daga takwarorinsu na Republican.
A cikin wannan mahallin, Hagu ya kamata ya jefa kansa cikin tsari don yin fa'idodi kamar ƙimar ƙima ta yaro. Nasarar a wannan gaba za ta kawo mu gaba ga hanyar sake gina jihar jin dadi, da gina irin kwarin gwiwa da karfin fada da ake bukata don yin yaki don karin mafi karancin albashi, Medicare For All, da ƙari mai yawa. Yakamata mu rungumi wannan nasara ta wani bangare don abin da yake - kuma muyi yaƙi kamar jahannama don ƙarin.
Hadas Thier ɗan gwagwarmaya ne a New York, kuma marubucin Jagoran Jama'a ga Jari-hujja: Gabatarwa ga Tattalin Arzikin Marxist.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi