Yawancin masana tattalin arziki sun yarda cewa "Babban koma bayan tattalin arziki" na 2008 ya ƙare a wani lokaci a kusa da lokacin rani na 2009. Wannan hakika babban labari ne ga Amurkawa miliyan 47.6 da ke cin abinci godiya ga Ƙarin Taimakon Taimakon Abinci (SNAP), wanda aka fi sani da "tambarin abinci. .” Kuma ko shakka babu Amurkawa miliyan 43 da ke rayuwa a cikin kangin talauci (bayanan bayanai daga 2007-2011) za su sami ta'aziyya ta gaskiyar cewa rikicin tattalin arziki mafi muni a kusan shekaru 80 ya ƙare sama da shekaru 3 da suka gabata.
Shugaban Babban Bankin Tarayya, Ben Bernanke, ya nuna damuwarsa game da wannan duka ta hanyar nuna cewa zai rage yawan kudin ruwa don tallafawa tattalin arzikin da kuma kara taimakawa wajen farfadowa. Ya fi kyau. Ma'aikatar Ciniki ta ba da rahoton cewa samun kuɗin shiga na mutum ya ragu da kashi 3.6 cikin ɗari a wannan watan Janairun da ya gabata, raguwa mafi girma a cikin shekaru 20.
Kuma yayin da tattalin arzikin kasar ke farfadowa sannu a hankali, har yanzu rashin aikin yi na zama babbar matsala. Adadin kanun labarai yana ƙasa da 8%. Wannan yana fassara zuwa sama da Amurkawa miliyan 12 ba su da aikin yi, tare da miliyan 4.8 daga cikinsu ba su da aiki na tsawon makonni 27 ko kuma ya fi tsayi, don haka ana ɗaukar su a matsayin "basu da aikin yi na dogon lokaci".
Wani ma'auni na rashin aikin yi, da wanda aka ba da rahoto kaɗan, yana nuna hoto mai ban tsoro. U6, wanda ke auna jimlar adadin mutanen da ba sa aiki, da duk mutanen da ke aiki na ɗan lokaci don dalilai na tattalin arziki, da duk mutanen da ke da alaƙa da ma'aikata kawai.ya canza zuwa +14.4%.
Rashin daidaiton kudin shiga shima yana kan mafi girman matsayi tun kafin Babban Bala'in. A cikin 2010, manyan kashi 1% na masu samun kuɗi sun sami kashi 93% na haɓakar kuɗin shiga na wannan shekarar. Mutanen da ke tsakiya, la'akari da illar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki, suna da ƙarancin kuɗin shiga gida a yau fiye da yadda suke yi a 1996. Matsakaicin ku na namiji ya sami $32,986 a 2011. A 1968 ya sami $33,880 (sake, daidaitawa don hauhawar farashin kaya).
Kara tsananta duk wannan zai zama sakamakon binciken da aka yi Aikin Dokar Aiki ta Ƙasa (NELP). Ya gano cewa yawancin asarar ayyukan yi a lokacin koma bayan tattalin arziki sun kasance a cikin abin da za mu ɗauka a matsayin ayyukan matsakaicin albashi. Abin baƙin ciki shine, yawancin ayyukan da aka ƙirƙira yayin farfadowa (masu zafi) sun kasance a cikin sassan da ake la'akari da su a matsayin ƙananan ayyuka (ayyukan sabis). Bayanai daga Ofishin Kidayar Jama'a na Amurka sun ba da hoto mai ban mamaki, yana nuna cewa kashi 25% na ayyukan Amurka suna biya kasa da layin talauci na tarayya don dangi hudu ($ 23,050) kuma kashi ɗaya bisa uku na manya waɗanda ke rayuwa cikin talauci suma suna aiki.
Kudaden kashe mabukaci ya kai kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na tattalin arzikin Amurka. Matsakaicin albashi, haɗe da rashin kyau biyan ayyukan yi da rashin aikin yi gabaɗaya, ba zai haifar da da mai ido ba ga dorewar tattalin arziƙi mai ƙarfi a nan ba da jimawa ba.
Magana ta tarihi, ayyukan masana'antu suna da, a matsakaita, sun biya mafi kyawun lada fiye da ayyukan sabis (tare da tsohon yawanci yana ba da fa'idodi mafi kyau). Amma masana'antu, a matsayin kashi na tattalin arziki, ya kasance a kan raguwa shekaru da dama a yanzu. Sama da ayyukan masana'antu miliyan 5 ne aka yi asarar tun shekara ta 2000 kaɗai.
Amma wannan al'amari ne da ba zai iya jurewa ba? Wani sabon bincike daga Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) ya ba da kwarin gwiwa ga wadanda suka yi imanin cewa farfado da masana'antar Amurka ba kawai zai yi kyau ga tattalin arziki ba, zai kuma samar da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun guraben ayyukan yi. Masu bincike a MIT sun ba da shawarar cewa a yi ƙoƙarin kiyaye, da sake gina tushen masana'antun ƙasar.
Rahoton ya kuma yi kira da a samar da sabuwar hanyar duba masana'antu. Maimakon a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wasu tsofaffin kayan tarihi da suka gaji da kawai za a iya samu a cikin bel na tsatsa na kasar, ya kamata a yi la'akari da shi a matsayin wani rukuni na masana'antu masu tasowa kuma masu tasowa waɗanda ke zama tushen sababbin tunani da sababbin ƙwarewa. Bugu da ƙari, masana'antu ba wani abu ba ne da ke yin hannun riga da tattalin arzikin tushen ilimin na 21st karni.
Masu binciken sun yi kira da a yi kokarin bunkasa karfin kasar na yin kirkire-kirkire, wanda suke ganin yana da alaka da kere-kere.
Ɗaya daga cikin binciken na iya ba da dakata ga mutanen da ke haɓaka fitar da kayayyaki da kuma juyar da Amurka zuwa tushen tattalin arziki na ilimi. Abin da aka gano shi ne, lokacin da kamfanoni suka ware kayayyakin kera kayayyakinsu da na masana'antu na hakika, wato, sun kiyaye ayyukan kara darajar da ake samu a kasar, tare da aika da ainihin abin da ake samarwa zuwa wasu kasashe masu karancin albashi kamar kasar Sin, damar ingantattun ingantattun ayyuka kuma an rasa ƙira mafi kyau.
A nasa bangaren shugaba Obama ya ce ya kuduri aniyar farfado da masana'antu da kuma amfani da su a matsayin wani dandali na samar da guraben ayyukan yi. Gwamnatin Obama ta ce tana son Majalisa ta amince da wani kunshin dala biliyan 7 - dala biliyan 6 na kudaden harajin gwamnatin tarayya ga garuruwan masana'anta da ke bukatar taimako da dala biliyan 1 don ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin kirkire-kirkire.
Shirin shugaban kasar, idan an aiwatar da shi, zai hada da:
· Ƙirƙirar hanyar sadarwa na Cibiyoyin Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙira 25
Rage harajin haraji ga masana'antun zuwa kashi 25 cikin XNUMX da kuma fadadawa, da kuma tabbatar da dindindin, da bincike da haɓaka harajin haraji.
Haɓaka da haɓaka sabbin haɗin gwiwa tare da al'ummomi don jawo hankalin kamfanonin masana'antu da hanyoyin samar da kayayyaki masu alaƙa
· Ƙara ƙoƙarce-ƙoƙarce don buɗe sabbin kasuwanni don kayayyakin da Amurka ke kerawa
Duk shawarwarin da ke sama za su yi daidai da sakamakon rahoton MIT, wanda ke kira ga sababbin nau'ikan. haɗin gwiwa da musayar haɗari, da farko ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar jama'a da masu zaman kansu da yarjejeniyar masana'antu-jami'a. Amma a cikin wannan zamanin na "masarautar", mutum yana mamakin menene damar yin wani abu.
Tun daga shekara ta 2001, Amurka ta kashe aƙalla dala tiriliyan 1.4 kan yaƙe-yaƙen da ba a bayyana ba kuma ba su da kuɗi a Afghanistan da Iraki. Tun bayan koma bayan tattalin arziki na 2008, Tarayyar Reserve ta yi alkawarin dala tiriliyan 7.77 don ceto masana'antar hada-hadar kudi, ta ba da rancen akalla dala tiriliyan 1.2 ga bankuna da kamfanonin hada-hadar kudi da rikicin ya shafa - rikicin, yana da mahimmanci a lura, na Wall Street. Idan kawai an saka wani kaso na waɗannan kuɗaɗen a cikin tattalin arziƙin, masana'antu za a iya farfado da su kuma muna iya shaida sigar na biyu na juyin juya halin masana'antu.
Idan muka yi la'akari da ceton Tsakiyar Tsakiya tare da irin nauyin da muke bi da tsaron kasa, ko kuma tare da irin gudun da muke ba wa masu biyan haraji goyon bayan gwamnati don tallafawa tsarin jari-hujja na "kasuwar kyauta", zafi da wahalar da miliyoyin suka sha a baya. 'yan shekaru mai yiwuwa an iya kauce masa.
Bio's Author: Tom McNamara Mataimakin Farfesa ne a Makarantar Kasuwanci ta ESC Rennes, Faransa, kuma malami mai ziyara a Kwalejin Soja ta Faransa a Saint-Cyr, Coëtquidan, Faransa
Sources:
"Tsarin Farfado da Masana'antun Amirka" na Colleen Curtis, Fabrairu 13, 2013, The Official White House Blog. An shiga a:
http://www.whitehouse.gov/blog/2013/02/13/plan-revitalize-american-manufacturing
"Hanyoyin Samfurori na MIT a cikin Rahoton Tattalin Arziki Ƙirƙirar" Ƙirƙirar Cibiyar Fasaha ta Massachusetts (MIT) a cikin Hukumar Innovation Tattalin Arziki (PIE), Fabrairu 22, 2013. An isa a:
http://web.mit.edu/press/images/documents/pie-report.pdf
"Bernanke Ya Ce Haɓaka Ƙimar Riba Haɗarin Farko Haɗarin Ci Gaba" ta Joshua Zumbrun da Aki Ito, Maris 2, 2013, Bloomberg. An shiga a:
"Kwamitin Dating na Kasuwancin Kasuwanci, Ofishin Bincike na Tattalin Arziki na Ƙasa" Ofishin Binciken Tattalin Arziki na Ƙasa (NBER), Satumba 20, 2010. An shiga a:
http://www.nber.org/cycles/sept2010.pdf
"Bayanan Asirin-Sau ɗaya na Fed da Bloomberg ya Haɗa ga Jama'a” By Phil Kuntz da Bob Ivry, Disamba 23, 2011, Bloomberg. An shiga a:
"Yanayin masana'antu yana da ramuka, in ji MIT" ta Megan Woodhouse, Fabrairu 22, 2013, The Boston Globe. An shiga a:
"Rashin daidaituwa yana riƙe da farfadowa" na Joseph Stiglitz, The New York Times, Janairu 19, 2013. Shiga a:
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/19/inequality-is-holding-back-the-recovery/
"Iraki da Afganistan" Ofishin Kasafin Kudi na Majalisa (CBO)
http://www.cbo.gov/topics/national-security/iraq-and-afghanistan/reports
“Rahoton Shirye-shiryen Taimakon AbinciMa'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka - Sabis na Abinci da Gina Jiki, Nuwamba 2012. An shiga a:
"Ƙarancin Ma'aikata Farfadowa da Girman Rashin daidaituwa" Aikin Dokar Aiki na Ƙasa, Agusta 2012. An shiga a:
http://www.nelp.org/page/-/Job_Creation/LowWageRecovery2012.pdf?nocdn=1
"Tattalin Arziki na Dindindin na Zamani" na Erin Hatton, The New York Times, Janairu 26, 2013. An shiga a:
http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/01/26/the-rise-of-the-permanent-temp-economy/
"Rahoton MIT ya gano maɓallan sabon ƙirƙira na Amurka" na Peter Dizikes, MIT News, Fabrairu 22, 2013. An shiga a:
http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2013/production-in-the-innovation-economy-report-mit-0222.html
"Rashin Talauci don Zaɓaɓɓen Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Ƙungiyoyin Hispanic na Jiha da Wuri:
2007–2011” na Suzanne Macartney, Alemayehu Bishaw, da Kayla Fontenot, Fabrairu 2013, Ma'aikatar Kasuwancin Amurka, Hukumar Kula da Tattalin Arziki da Kididdiga, Ofishin Kidayar Amurka. An shiga a:
http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acsbr11-17.pdf
Ofishin Ma'aikata da Ƙididdiga na Amurka. An shiga a:
Susanna Kim ta Susanna Kim, ABC News, Maris 20, 1. An shiga a:
http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/business/2013/03/u-s-personal-income-drop-biggest-in-20-years/
"White House yana son dala biliyan 7 don bunkasa fannin masana'antu" by David Shepardson, The Detroit News, Fabrairu 13, 2013. Shiga a:
http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20130213/BIZ/302130440#ixzz2MVwgt5yx
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