Tushen: Inequality.org
Mataimakin shugaban kasa Kamala Harris na tafiya Guatemala a wannan makon domin tattauna hanyoyin magance fatara, tashin hankali, da cin hanci da rashawa da ke cikin abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙaura. Ba da gudummawa ga waɗannan direbobin shirye-shiryen neoliberal, kamar Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta ta Amurka ta Tsakiya-Jamhuriyar Dominican (CAFTA-DR), waɗanda aka sanya wa Guatemalans. Wannan tsarin yana ba da damar haɓaka manyan ayyukan hakar ma'adinai da makamashi waɗanda ke yin illa ga rayuwar al'ummomin karkara da 'yan asalin ƙasar, yayin da ke ba da damar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu su kai ƙarar gwamnatoci a kan kariyar zamantakewa da muhalli.
Ma'ana: Wani kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Nevada yana tuhumar gwamnatin Guatemalan sama da dala miliyan 400, yana da'awar keta kariyar masu saka hannun jari a cikin CAFTA-DR. Kappes, Cassiday & Associates (KCA) suna jayayya a wani bangare cewa gwamnati ta kasa kare ma'adinan ta yadda ya kamata daga al'ummomin yankin da suka kafa sansanin zanga-zangar lumana saboda fargabar cewa hakar zinare za ta gurbace karancin ruwa.
Wannan zargi da ake yiwa gwamnati ba zai iya zama ba kara daga gaskiya. A gaskiya ma, da Kamfanin ba zai iya gudanar da aikin hakar gwal na budadden rami a yankin ba da farko idan ba don ayyukan ’yan sanda da ba su dace ba don kare muradun kamfanin da danne ’yan uwa. Makonni biyu da suka gabata, 'yan sanda sun gabatar da wani baje kolin karfin tuwo a madadin KCA, abin tunatarwa ga kwakkwarar goyon bayan gwamnati da kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai a Guatemala suka dade suna jin dadi.
A safiyar ranar 21 ga Mayu, kusan Motocin ‘yan sanda 40 na sintiri, ciki har da sashin yaki da tarzoma, sun bayyana a wajen kofar mahakar ma'adinan inda al'ummar yankin suka shirya yayin da kungiyar Peaceful Resistance La Puya ke ci gaba da gudanar da zanga-zangarsu tun watan Maris na 2012. 'Yan sanda sun isa wurin sa'o'i da yawa kafin fara wani mataki na yau da kullun don ɗaga umarnin kamawa. akan kadarorin KCA.
An daskarar da kadarorin kamfanin a tsakiyar shekarar 2016 saboda hakar ma'adinai ba bisa ka'ida ba bayan da ya bijirewa hukuncin kotu a karshen shekarar 2015 wanda ya dakatar da hakar ma'adinan saboda rashin tuntubar al'ummomin yankin. Yayin da aka ɗaga odar kama ma'adinan, dole ne a rufe ma'adinan har sai an gudanar da tsarin tuntuɓar.
Resistance Peaceful Resistance La Puya ta yi Allah wadai da matakin tsoratarwa a ranar 21 ga Mayu a cikin sanarwar jama'a yin Allah wadai da amfani da 'yan sanda "don kare muradun tattalin arzikin kamfanonin hako na kasashen waje." A cikin sanarwar guda, sun sake tabbatar da "ƙin amincewa da aikin hakar ma'adinan a matsayin mai lalata da kuma barazana ga rayuwar al'umma da kuma abubuwan da suka dace."
Kusan shekaru bakwai kafin ranar 23 ga Mayu, 2014, 'yan sanda sun kori Peaceful Resistance La Puya da karfi, tare da share hanyar fara aiki. Ba tare da son yin kasa a gwiwa ba, sansanin ‘yan adawar ya koma wajen kofar ma’adinan jim kadan, amma an yi barna. KCA ta gudanar da aikin hakar ma'adinan El Tambor kusan shekaru biyu har sai da kotuna suka tilasta rufe shi.
Mambobin al'umma masu aiki a cikin juriya ga aikin hakar ma'adinai na KCA sun fuskanci wasu ayyukan tashin hankali, tsoratarwa, da barazana, gami da yunkurin kisan kai. Da yawa daga cikinsu kuma an fuskanci shari'o'in da aka zana na shari'a da aka zarge su da rashin bin ka'idojin da suka dace ko kuma rashin shaida.
Wata kotun zuba jari ta bankin duniya za ta yanke hukunci kan karar da KCA ta shigar kan gwamnatin Guatemala. Baya ga ikirari game da tsaron gwamnati, KCA na kuma ramuwar gayya kan hukuncin da kotu ta yanke na dakatar da ma'adinan. Kamfanin dai ya bayar da hujjar cewa ana nuna masa wariya, duk da cewa an dakatar da wasu ma’adanai guda biyu bisa irin wannan dalilai. Gaskiyar ita ce, al’ummomin yankin su ne aka tauye hakkinsu. KCA ba ta cika ka'idodin muhalli a Guatemala ba, kuma ba ta taɓa samun izinin gini don gina ma'adinan ta ba tun farko.
Irin wannan rashin adalci shi ne ainihin abin da tsarin sasantawa tsakanin masu zuba jari da Jiha (ISDS) ya tanada a cikin dubban yarjejeniyoyin ciniki cikin 'yanci, yarjejeniyar saka hannun jari tsakanin kasashen biyu, dokokin saka hannun jari na kasa, da kwangiloli a duniya. A matsayin hanyar tilastawa don kare haƙƙin masu saka hannun jari, ISDS galibi an yi amfani da ita azaman kayan aikin necolonial don ladabtarwa da hukunta gwamnatoci da al'ummomi a Kudancin Duniya don kare kamfanonin ketare kan komai.
Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na sanannun ƙararraki sama da 1,000 da aka shigar an shigar da su kan gwamnatoci a Latin Amurka. Rikice-rikice da al'ummomin da abin ya shafa da ke adawa da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai ko neman maganin cutarwa galibi suna tsakiyar tsakiyar Laifukan ISDS da suka shafi bangaren ma'adinai a yankin.
Baya ga Guatemala, kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai sun kai ƙarar ƙasashen Panamá, Peru, Ecuador, da Kolombiya kan hukuncin da aka yanke na soke izinin aiki sakamakon rashin tuntuɓar farko da kuma amincewa daga al'ummomin da abin ya shafa. Kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai sun kuma kai karar gwamnatoci bayan kasa samun izinin muhalli don ayyukan hako ma'adinai a Mexico, El Salvador, Jamhuriyar Dominican, da Colombia.
Three Kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na Kanada suna tuhumar Colombia sama da dala miliyan 800 kan hukuncin da kotu ta yanke don kare muhalli mai rauni, tsayin daka wanda ke da mahimmanci don tabbatar da samar da ruwa ga miliyoyin mutane a kasa. Kamfanin tagulla na Chile, CODELCO, yana barazanar kai karar Ecuador a karo na biyu kan aikin Llurimagua - wani kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na Kanada ne ya kawo karar farko da ta yi tafiya tare da kudin shiga na $19.4m. Wannan kwat ɗin ya shafi wani buɗaɗɗen ramin tagulla ne a wani yanki mai ɗimbin halittu na ƙasar inda al'ummomin yankin suka kasance. tsayayya da hakar ma'adinai tun shekarun 1990s.
Wannan tsarin sasantawa ne kawai ke kara girma da gagarabadau tsakanin kamfanoni da za su iya tafiya da miliyoyin ko ba su taba yin atisaye a kasa ba, yayin da al’ummomi ke fafutukar ganin an yi adalci ko kadan kan illar da suke fuskanta. Sau da yawa, ana juya tsarin adalci a kansu. Wannan ya bayyana a fili a La Puya inda gwamnati da kamfanin suka yi wa mutane laifi tare da danne su saboda kokarin kare karancin ruwan da ke dauke da su.
Abin takaici ne cewa KCA na iya kai karar Guatemala don ma mafi girman kariya ta 'yan sanda a cikin wannan mahallin. Wannan shari'ar ta karyata ruhin ruguza rayuwa da aka yi amfani da haƙƙin masu saka hannun jari da shi. Ya kamata gwamnatin Biden ta himmatu wajen wargaza wannan tsarin.
Ellen Moore ita ce mai fafutukar ma'adinai ta ƙasa da ƙasa don ayyukan ƙasa kuma Jen Moore abokin tarayya ne na Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
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