Kashe kusan mutane 200 a Amurka, Kanada da Caribbean tare da gurgunta yawancin birnin New York da kewaye a farkon wannan makon, guguwar Sandy ta kasance irin mummunan yanayi da masana kimiyya suka dade suna hasashen zai faru tare da dumamar yanayi.
"Cujin yanayi gaskiya ne," in ji gwamnan New York Andrew Cuomo bayan Sandy ya mamaye jiharsa.
Sandy ya ninka girman matsakaitan mahaukaciyar guguwa sau biyu, kuma ta afkawa gabar tekun gabacin Amurka, inda ruwan teku ya fi tashi cikin sauri, in ji Kevin Trenberth, babban masani a fannin kimiya. Cibiyar Nazarin Yanayi ta Nationalasa in Boulder, Colorado.
"Dukkan abubuwan da suka faru na yanayi suna shafar sauyin yanayi saboda yanayin da suke faruwa yana da zafi da dumi fiye da yadda ya kasance," Trenberth, ƙwararren masani kan abubuwan da suka faru, ya gaya wa IPS.
Ko sauyin yanayi ya haifar da guguwar Sandy tambayar da ba daidai ba ce, in ji Trenberth. Ya bayyana cewa sauyin yanayi ya taimaka wajen sa guguwar Sandy ta fi barna fiye da yadda idan ba haka ba.
"Wannan shine sabon al'ada," in ji Trenberth. "Ba shi da ma'ana don sake ginawa a wasu yankuna - za a sake share su."
Tekuna da yanayin duniya sun yi zafi sosai a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata saboda daruruwan miliyoyin ton na carbon dioxide (CO2) da ke fitowa daga kona kwal, mai da iskar gas. CO2 yana aiki azaman bargo, yana kiyaye duniya dumi ta hanyar kama wasu zafin rana.
Ƙarin zafin da bargon CO2 ke ƙunshe yana daidai da fashewar bama-bamai na Hiroshima 400,000 a kowace rana, a cewar James Hansen, masanin kimiyyar yanayi wanda ke shugabantar Cibiyar Nazarin Sararin Samaniya ta NASA Goddard.
Yawancin wannan zafin ya shiga cikin tekuna, don haka yanayin zafi na ƙasa a duniya ya ƙaru da matsakaicin digiri 0.8 kawai na Celsius (digiri ɗaya Fahrenheit). Yayin da teku ke dumi, matakan teku suna tashi saboda ruwan dumi yana faɗaɗa. Narke dusar ƙanƙara da zanen ƙanƙara suma sune manyan abubuwan da ke taimakawa ga hawan teku.
Iska mai zafi kuma na iya ɗaukar ƙarin danshi. Aunawa ya nuna a yanzu akwai karin tururin ruwa da kashi hudu zuwa shida a cikin iska, lamarin da ya sa ruwan sama ya yi nauyi.
Hanyar guguwar Sandy ta dauke ta ne daga ruwan dumi na Caribbean har zuwa gabar tekun Atlantika na Amurka, inda ruwa ke da dumi sosai a wannan lokaci na shekara. Ana yin guguwa da ruwa mai ɗumi da ɗanɗanar iska. Sandy yana da yalwar duka biyun.
Matsakaicin danshi ya haifar da hadari mai karfi kuma ya kara girman yawan ruwan sama da kashi biyar zuwa 10 bisa dari idan aka kwatanta da yanayin sama da shekaru 40 da suka gabata, in ji Trenberth.
Shekara daya kacal da ta wuce, guguwar Irene ta afkawa birnin New York, inda ta rufe tsarin jirgin karkashin kasa tare da tilasta kwashe mutane 370,000. Daga nan Irene ya koma cikin ƙasa zuwa Vermont da New Hampshire, inda ya haifar da ambaliyar ruwa. An yi kiyasin jimillar barnar da aka yi ta kai dala biliyan 16.
An kiyasta kudin Sandy tsakanin dala biliyan 50 zuwa 60, adadin na biyu ne kawai ga guguwar Katrina, wacce ta afkawa New Orleans da Tekun Fasha a ranar 29 ga Agusta, 2005, ta kashe mutane 1,836 tare da lalata kusan gidaje 300,000. Ya janyo asarar kusan dala biliyan 120, tare da jimillar kudin da aka kashe ga tattalin arzikin Amurka da aka kiyasta dala biliyan 250.
Waɗannan matsananciyar al'amura za su daɗa ta'azzara yayin da yanayin zafi ke ci gaba da hauhawa. Duk da haka har yanzu hayaƙin CO2 yana ƙaruwa da sauri, wanda masana'antun mai, gas da kuma kwal ke tafiyar da su.
A shekarar 2012, za a kashe sama da dala biliyan 600 a duk duniya wajen hako mai da iskar gas, in ji Steve Kretzmann, babban darektan kamfanin. Hanyoyin Canji na Duniya, Ƙungiya mai zaman kanta ta Amurka.
"Gaskiyar magana ita ce masana'antar man fetur tana motsawa ne ta hanyar samun riba daga sabbin wuraren samar da kayayyaki," in ji Kretzmann IPS.
Babban saka hannun jari a cikin hako ruwa mai zurfi, yashi kwalta da sabbin fasahohin hako mai da iskar gas kamar karaya a kwance suna haifar da matakan samar da kayayyaki zuwa sabon matsayi. Wani bincike da Oil Change International ya gudanar ya gano cewa irin jarin da kamfanonin mai da masu mara baya da su ke yi ya sanya duniyar ta ke kan turbar zafi ya haura akalla ma'aunin Celsius takwas.
Manyan masana kimiyya na ganin karuwar zafin da ke da digiri hudu na ma'aunin celcius a matsayin bala'i. A waɗancan yanayin zafi, Arctic zai fi zafi digiri takwas zuwa digiri goma sha biyu. Yawancin permafrost da ke ɗauke da carbon za su narke, tare da mugun ra'ayi mai kyau. Tashin digiri shida na ma'aunin celcius zai sa manyan sassan duniya ba za su iya rayuwa ba. Da kyar wani ya yi la'akari da sakamakon digiri takwas.
"Duniya na bukatar ta saka hannun jari mai karfi don rage bukatar mai maimakon ci gaba da rashin dorewa," in ji Kretzmann.
Amma irin wannan canjin, wanda da alama ba zai yiwu ba a nan gaba, zai faru, za a tilasta wa duniya ta magance sakamakon.
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Bada Tallafi