The Sanarwar 'yancin kai ya fara da shahararrun kalmomi, wanda Thomas Jefferson ya yi:
"Muna riƙe waɗannan gaskiyar don bayyana kansu, cewa dukan mutane an halicce su daidai, cewa Mahaliccinsu ya ba su wasu haƙƙoƙin da ba za a iya raba su ba, cewa daga cikin waɗannan akwai Rayuwa, 'Yanci da kuma neman Farin Ciki - Wannan don tabbatar da waɗannan hakkoki, An kafa gwamnatoci tsakanin mazaje, suna samun ikonsu na adalci daga amincewar masu mulki. . .”
Stephen Greenblatt yayi jayayya a ciki Swerve: Yadda Duniya ta zama Zamani cewa tunanin Jefferson na "neman farin ciki" na iya kasancewa kai tsaye zuwa ga masanin falsafa Epicurean Lucretius. De rerum natura (On The Nature of Things), wani rubutun da aka gano a ƙarni na sha shida a wani gidan zuhudu na Jamus. Aikin Lucretius ya fara ne tare da nuna godiya ga allahn kyakkyawa da ƙauna, Venus, wanda, ya ce yana ƙarfafa ainihin yanayin bazara da kanta.
Kotun kolin Trump da kanta ba ta yarda da waɗannan ka'idodin 'yanci da neman farin ciki ba, waɗanda aka kafa Amurka a kansu. Masu shari'a sun yarda cewa ba mu da 'yancin cin gashin kai ko sirrin jiki da 'yanci, kuma haɗin gwiwar masu bishara da Katolika a cikin majami'un jihohi na iya ba da doka mafi kusancin bayanan rayuwarmu.
Masu shari'a sun zana wani zamba da ake kira "asali" don jayayya cewa kundin tsarin mulkin yanzu yana nufin abin da yake nufi ga masu tsarawa a karni na goma sha takwas, wanda ya kamata ya sa waɗannan masu asali su koma ga kwararru, masana tarihi na ilimi. Ba su yi ba, da tarihin butulcin da Samuel Alito ya yi mana da shi Clarence Thomas a cikin makonnin baya-bayan nan zai sami kowane dalibi na "F."
H/t Pixabay.
Tun da an rataye su sosai a ƙarni na sha takwas, yana da kyau a yi la’akari da abin da ƙarni na farko na Amurkawa ke tunani game da zubar da ciki.
Amurkawa karni na goma sha takwas sun yi imanin cewa rayuwa, yanci da neman farin ciki sun hada da 'yanci daga ciki maras so a cikin makonni 16-18 na farko, kuma suna da nasu kwatankwacin mifepristone da misoprostol, kwayar zubar da ciki, wanda aka dauka tare zai kawo karshen ciki.
A daya daga cikin littafansa. Benjamin Franklin, ɗaya daga cikin iyayen da suka kafa kuma mai tsara tsarin mulki, ya haɗa da rubutun da ya ba da umarnin yin amfani da ganye don "mayar da darussan," wato, don fara haila baya, watau sun kasance masu zubar da ciki.
Shafin yanar gizo na Jami'ar Mary Washington ya nuna cewa Thomas Jefferson ya lura da amfani da zubar da ciki ta Indiyawan Amurkawa, kuma bai kasance a cikin komai ba game da shi, yana rubutu a cikin Bayanan kula akan Jihar Virginia:
- “Su [’yan asalin Amirka] suna renon yara kaɗan fiye da mu. Abubuwan da ke haifar da wannan ba za a same su ba ne a cikin bambance-bambancen yanayi, amma na yanayi. Matan da suke yawan halartar mazajensu na yaƙe-yaƙe da farauta, haifuwar yara yana da wahala a gare su. Don haka aka ce sun koyi al’adar sayo zubar da ciki ta hanyar amfani da wasu kayan marmari; kuma har ma yana karawa don hana daukar ciki na dogon lokaci bayan haka."
A karni na sha takwas, ba a la'akari da mata masu juna biyu ba har sai an tashi, lokacin da suka ji motsin tayin a cikin su, yawanci kusan makonni 18. Kafin wata biyar, ya zama ruwan dare ga mata su zubar da ciki. An yi waɗannan ta kayan aiki ko ta ganye. An yi amfani da kayan aikin don “cire wani shinge” da ke “tsangwama a cikin haila.” An yi amfani da ganye don dawo da haila (emmenagogues) ko a matsayin masu zubar da ciki (sau da yawa a aikace waɗannan abu ɗaya ne). An tattauna abortifacients a cikin litattafan likitanci na gargajiya kamar Hippocrates da Galen da kuma ta likitocin musulmi waɗanda aka karanta a zamanin da da na Renaissance, kamar Avicenna da Canon nasa (Qanun Ibn Sina). Gaskiya ne cewa zubar da ciki bayan gaggawa ana ɗaukar kisan kai, amma yawanci ba a da ba.
Mai yiyuwa ne wasu turawan mulkin mallaka na farko sun sami labarin abubuwan zubar da ciki da Indiyawan Amurka ke amfani da su. Bugu da kari, ilimin aikin ungozoma na yammacin Afirka bayi, wasu daga cikin al'ummomin musulmi, an kuma tura su zuwa gonakin Amurka ta hanyar masu bautar, inda aka yi amfani da tsofaffin matan bayi a cikin gida a matsayin masu zubar da ciki.
Ƙari ga haka, bayi a wasu lokatai suna amfani da tushen auduga a yunƙurin zubar da cikin nasu ciki, da sanin cewa za a haifi yaron ga rayuwar shaye-shaye kuma za a iya sayar da shi daga hannun iyayensa a cikin kogi. Masu bauta, da suka san wannan al’ada, za su tilasta wa ma’aikatansu da suke bauta su sha maganin kashe-kashe kullum don hana wanda ya zubar da ciki yin aiki. Don haka an yi yaƙi da magungunan ganye, kamar wani abu daga cikin litattafan almara na kimiyya (sau da yawa ana saita a cikin ƙungiyoyin bayi) na Olivia Butler.
Ina kawai hasashe a nan, amma kamar yadda Ikklesiyoyin Littafi Mai Tsarki na Ikklesiyoyin bishara ya samo asali a cikin yunƙurin farko na Amurka don tabbatar da bautar, dole ne ku yi mamakin ko nau'in da ke kallon zubar da ciki ya koma baya ga halayen masu bautar game da yara kasancewa dukiya da masu zaman kansu. dukiyar sarki.
Cheryl Lans, Lisa Taylor-Swanson da Rachel Westfall bayanin kula Directon Kimiyya,
- “Bayi na gida sun yi aiki a matsayin likitoci na yau da kullun a wasu gidaje (Tannenbaum, 2012). Ungozoma kaka sun halarci haihuwa a kan wasu gonakin bayi a matsayin ma'aunin ceton farashi ga masu su, amma wani lokaci suna aiki a matsayin masu zubar da ciki (Vaughan, 1997). Vaughan (1997) ya rubuta tsire-tsire ko kayan shuka da bayi ke amfani da su don zubar da ciki, kuma an tattauna da yawa a cikin wannan takarda: tansy, catnip, thyme, mint doki, rue, pennyroyal, cedar berries, Origanum vulgare, Thuja occidentalis, man fetur na savin, ganyen Juniperus virginiana, 'ya'yan Juniperus communis, Cimcifuga racemosa, Caullophyllum thalictroides, Actea rubra, Helleborus viridis, Leonotis leonurus, Trillium undulatum, Trillium sessile, Trillium erectum da Cunila origanoides."
Don haka idan za mu koma karni na sha takwas a yanzu, zubar da ciki ya zama doka a ko’ina har zuwa mako na 16 a kalla, bisa ga ra’ayin wadanda suka kafa na rayarwa, kuma masu zubar da ciki kamar kwayar zubar da ciki ya kamata a yi amfani da su a shari’a har zuwa mako na 16, haka nan.
Amma a zahiri ba za mu koma karni na sha takwas ba, tunda “asali” zamba ne. Ana isar da mu a hannun manyan fasaha, masu mulki na ƙarni na 21 waɗanda suka ƙirƙira halayen blastocyte kuma suna amfani da shi don dalilai na sabon sarki. Dangane da haka, wannan mulkin kama-karya na bishara yana da kwatankwacin kamanceceniya da Taliban a Afganistan, wadanda ba “tsaka-tsaki” ba ne, amma motsi ne na zamani. Abin ban mamaki, Musulmi gabaɗaya sun yi, kuma duk sun kasance, fiye da ra'ayoyi masu sassaucin ra'ayi akan zubar da ciki fiye da 'Yancin Addinin Amurka.
Source: Bayanin Bayani
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