"A yau an haifi sabon ƙarfin siyasa na canji!" Yayin da jawabin tsohon shugaban kasar Manuel “Mel” Zelaya a ranar 26 ga watan Yunin 2011 ya kai ga gaci, daruruwan wakilai daga kowane lungu na kasar Honduras sun yi ta ruri. Bayan wata ‘yar gajeriyar muhawara amma zazzafar muhawara a wannan rana, majalisar wakilai 1,500 ta National Front of Popular Resistance (FNRP) ta amince da kudirorin da ke share fagen kafa sabuwar jam’iyyar siyasa: Libertad y Refundación (Liberty and Refoundation), ko LIBRE ("FREE" a cikin Mutanen Espanya). Wadanda suka goyi bayan kudurorin sun bukaci jam'iyyar ta zama makamin kawo sauyi. Da shi ne za su ci nasara a babban zaɓe na 2013 kuma, da zarar sun sami mulki, za su yi taron a abun ciki, Majalisar wakilai da ke da alhakin tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulki na Honduras.
Shawarar samar da LIBRE ta zo ne kusan shekaru biyu bayan juyin mulkin ranar 28 ga watan Yunin 2009 wanda ya tilastawa Zelaya gudun hijira tare da haifar da gagarumin yunkuri na juriya a fadin kasar Honduras. A cikin kwanaki, makonni, da watannin da suka biyo bayan juyin mulkin, dubunnan daruruwan 'yan kasar Honduras, wadanda gaba dayansu sabbin fafutuka ne, suka fito kan tituna kusan kowace rana domin neman a gaggauta maido da shugabancin Zelaya da dimokuradiyya. Muzaharar tasu ta lumana ta gamu da mummunan danniya, sannan kuma jami’an tsaron jihar suka rika rufe ‘yan jaridu kadan da suka gabatar da bukatarsu.
FNRP ta fito daga adawar juyin mulkin kuma cikin sauri ta ci gaba zuwa mafi girman motsin zamantakewa a tarihin Honduras. An tsara shi cikin ƙungiyoyi a matakin yanki da yanki, juriya ta haɗa da bakan gizo na ƙungiyoyi: masu fafutuka na ƙungiyar, malamai, lauyoyi, masu fasaha, ƴan asalin ƙauye da na Afro-yan asalin ƙauyen, ƙananan manoma, masu fafutukar LGBT, da masu kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, tare da ɗabi'un akida da suka kama. daga tsakiya hagu zuwa hagu mai nisa. Haɗaɗɗiyar adawa da juyin mulkin, 'yan adawa kuma suna adawa da tsarin siyasa na cin hanci da rashawa da ra'ayin mazan jiya na Honduras, wanda iyalai mafiya arziki a ƙasar ke kula da shi tare da jagorancin jam'iyyun Liberal da National kusan ba za su iya bambancewa ba.
Tun farko dai ba a cikin ajandar jam'iyyar FNRP ba. Shugabanin talakawa da dama na ganin ya kamata kungiyar ta ci gaba da cin gashin kanta daga siyasar jam’iyya tare da kaucewa shiga zaben da ake ganin an tafka magudi. Maimakon haka, sun goyi bayan faɗaɗa tsayin daka da kuma ƙara yin gangamin lumana don adawa da manufofin gwamnatin juyin mulkin da suka fi mayar da baya da kuma goyon bayan abun ciki. Amma lokacin da Zelaya ya fara taka rawar jagoranci kai tsaye a cikin juriya bayan ya dawo daga gudun hijira a watan Mayun 2011, ya tura shi ga siyasar zabe. A lokacin da jam'iyyar FNRP ta yi babban taronta na watan Yuni, 'yan majalisar sun amince da kafa sabuwar jam'iyyar da za ta fafata a zaben shugaban kasa da na 'yan majalisa da na kananan hukumomi a shekarar 2013.
A cikin watannin da suka biyo baya, muryoyin da ba su yarda ba sun nutse a cikin guguwar goyon baya ga LIBRE. An baje kolin jajayen riguna na LIBRE, T-shirts, da banners a cikin al'ummomi a duk faɗin ƙasar. Dubban daruruwan magoya bayan LIBRE ne suka halarci zaben fidda gwani na jam'iyyar a watan Nuwamban 2012 kuma suka zabi Xiomara Castro, matar Zelaya kuma fitaccen dan adawa, a matsayin dan takararsu na shugaban kasa. Manyan kafafen yada labarai sun yi matukar goyon bayan dan takarar jam’iyyar National Party, Juan Orlando Hernández, kuma an kashe ko jikkata ’yan takarar LIBRE da dama a hare-haren da wasu ‘yan bindiga da ba a san ko su waye ba suka kai. Amma duk da haka yayin da yakin neman zaben ke ci gaba da gudana, da alama babu makawa samun nasara, inda kusan dukkanin manyan masu kada kuri'a suka sanya Xiomara a kan gaba.
Ƙungiyar juriya ta Honduras da LIBRE za a iya fahimtar su ne kawai a cikin yanayin ci gaban siyasa a wasu sassan Latin Amurka. A cikin shekaru goma sha biyar da suka gabata, galibin yankin na fama da tashe-tashen hankula na siyasa a yayin da wasu masu ra'ayin gurguzu suka hau karagar mulki ta hanyar akwatin zabe. Da zarar sun hau kan karagar mulki, sun yi tsatsauran ra'ayi sun sake duba manufofin kasashensu na cikin gida da na waje da kuma, a lokuta da dama, tsarin tsarin mulkin kasashensu.
A karshen shekarun 1980, yayin da yakin cacar baka na mulkin kama-karya na soji da Amurka ke marawa baya ya zo karshe, yawancin jam'iyyun hagu na gargajiya na yankin sun kasance cikin rudani ko kuma sun karkata zuwa ga dama, yayin da gwamnatocin masu ra'ayin rikau suka kara daukar "sake fasalin" tattalin arzikin neoliberal. kuma sau da yawa Amurka da Asusun Ba da Lamuni na Duniya (IMF) ke sanyawa. Wadannan tsare-tsare sun hada da mayar da kamfanonin gwamnati zuwa kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, da dakile harkokin kasuwanci da na hada-hadar kudi, da kawar da shingayen kasuwanci. Sauye-sauyen sun kasa samun sakamako mai kyau, "damuwa" wanda masu tsara manufofi suka yi alkawari kuma a maimakon haka ya haifar da raguwar ci gaban tattalin arziki a duk yankin da karuwar talauci da rashin daidaito na samun kudin shiga.
A tsakiyar shekarun 1990, tawaye daga tushe ya fara mamaye yankin. Barkewar farko ta barke a Chiapas da ke kudancin Mexico, inda wata kungiyar ‘yan asalin kasar ta Zapatista dauke da makamai ta ayyana ‘yancin cin gashin kanta daga kasar Mexico a cikin al’ummomi da dama a ranar 1 ga Janairu, 1994, ranar da yarjejeniyar ciniki cikin ‘yanci ta Arewacin Amurka ta fara aiki. Wani rikici ya sake aukuwa a shekara ta 1999, lokacin da wani tsohon Laftanar Kanal wanda ya jagoranci juyin mulkin da bai yi nasara ba shekaru bakwai da suka gabata aka zabe shi a matsayin shugaban kasar Venezuela bisa tsarin adawa da ra'ayin ra'ayin rikau da kuma cin hanci da rashawa a kasar da kuma tsarin jam'iyyu biyu da ba sa so. Da zarar ya hau kan karagar mulki, Hugo Chavez ya ayyana kundin tsarin mulkin kasar na 1958 a matsayin “mummuna” kuma ya shirya zabukan majalisar wakilai.
Juyin juya halin Bolivaria na Venezuela ya ƙarfafa ƙungiyoyin hagu a duk faɗin yankin kuma ya biyo bayan nasarar zaɓe na hagu a cikin ƙasashe makwabta. A Bolivia, ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa da suka haɗa kai a lokacin yaƙin neman zaɓe na ruwa da iskar gas na farkon shekarun 2000 sun taimaka wajen kawo shugaban masu noman koko na Aymara Evo Morales kan karagar mulki a zaɓen ƙasar na 2005. An zabi Masanin tattalin arziki na hagu Rafael Correa a matsayin shugaban kasar Ecuador a shekara ta 2006. A Nicaragua, an sake zaben shugaban Sandinista Daniel Ortega shekaru goma sha bakwai bayan an zabe shi a matsayin shugaban kasa, yayin da a El Salvador tsohuwar kungiyar 'yan tawaye ta FMLN ta lashe zaben shugaban kasar a 2009 da 2014. zabe. 'Yan takarar hagu kuma sun yi nasara a Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, da Paraguay.
Kamar Venezuela, Bolivia da Ecuador duk sun yi taro abubuwa wanda ya tsara kundin tsarin mulki masu ci gaba da masu jefa ƙuri'a suka amince da su a cikin raba gardama na ƙasa. A karkashin kundin tsarin mulkinta na 2009, Bolivia ta zama kasa mai yawan jama'a, wacce ba ruwanmu da addini tare da tabbataccen ikon jama'a akan albarkatun kasa da wasu ma'auni na doka da siyasa ga al'ummomin 'yan asalin. Kundin tsarin mulkin Ecuador ya kafa “haƙƙin yanayi”—kare yanayin halittu masu rauni—da kuma ƙa’idar ikon mallakar abinci: wajibcin da ya wajaba a kan jama’arta na ba da tabbacin “ wadatar da kai a cikin abinci mai kyau.” Brazil, inda tsohon ma'aikacin karafa Lula da Silva ya hau kujerar shugabancin kasar a shekara ta 2003, ya ba da misali mai matsakaicin matsayi. Ko da yake sun aiwatar da manyan manufofin yaki da fatara, Lula da magajinsa Dilma Roussef ba su yi kokarin sake fasalin tsarin siyasa ba ko kuma sun kawo wani babban matsayi na kasa a fannin tattalin arziki.
Duk da bayyananniyar bambance-bambancen siyasa tsakanin gwamnatocin hagu na yankin, har yanzu akwai kyakkyawar fahimta ta al'umma da ta hada su. A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata ko makamancin haka, sun yi aiki tare don zurfafa haɗin gwiwar Latin Amurka ta hanyar ƙirƙirar sabbin ƙungiyoyin yankin Unasur-Ƙungiyar Ƙasar Kudancin Amirka-da CELAC-Ƙungiyar Al'ummar Latin Amurka da Caribbean. Waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suna haɓaka tsarin zamantakewa na gama gari kuma suna ɗaukar matsayi na manufofin ƙasashen waje sau da yawa sabanin na Amurka.
Da yawa daga cikin shugabannin Latin Amurka sun yi la'akari da gagarumin sauyin siyasa na yankin a matsayin "'yancin kai na biyu," yunkurin da ke kokarin cika alkawarin 'yantar da kai wanda ba a taba samu da gaske ba a lokacin gwagwarmayar 'yancin kai na farkon karni na sha tara. Manufar wannan yunkuri, a matakin furuci, idan ba ko da yaushe a aikace ba, abu ne guda biyu: karfafa wa wadanda aka yi watsi da su wajen fuskantar mamayar al'adun gargajiya na masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, da inganta hadin kai don magance karfin tattalin arziki da siyasa na Amurka.
Honduras ta shafe shekaru da yawa ta fuskanci talauci mafi muni da rashin daidaito a Latin Amurka. Manufofin Neoliberal da aka fara aiwatar da su a can a ƙarshen 1980s sun yi mummunar tasiri, musamman ga ƙananan manoma (manomi) da kuma al'ummomin asali. A karkashin jagorancin IMF, gwamnati ta rage kudaden fito tare da rage kashe kudaden da ake kashewa a sassan gwamnati. Dokar "zamani" ta aikin noma ta 1992 ta haifar da tattara ƙasa a hannun kamfanonin noma da kuma gudun hijirar dubban mutane. manoma. A farkon shekarun 2000 ƙungiyoyin fararen hula na Honduras sun yi aiki tare don adawa da ci gaba da ajandar neman sassaucin ra'ayi na gwamnatocin ƙasa da na masu sassaucin ra'ayi na ƙasar.
A ranar 26 ga Agusta, 2003, ƙarfin ƙarfin motsin adawa na Neoliberal na Honduras ya bayyana a fili lokacin da dubban masu zanga-zangar suka toshe duk manyan hanyoyin shiga Tegucigalpa don nuna rashin amincewa da sabbin matakan neoliberal. Babbar zanga-zangar ta nuna farkon Babban Babban Jami'in Resistance Coordinator (CNRP), wanda ya haɗa da ƙungiyoyi da ƴan asali da manomi ƙungiyoyi. Jam'iyyar CNRP ta ci gaba da daukar bukatunta a kan titi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, musamman ta hanyar goyon bayanta ga malaman da ke adawa da rage fensho, kuma cikin sauri ya zama mafi girma na hagu a Honduras. Shugabanninta sun yi doguwar muhawara kan ko za su shiga babban zaben kasar a shekara ta 2005 amma sun yanke shawarar kin amincewa da shi.
Wanda ya lashe zaben shi ne dan takarar Liberal Manuel Zelaya. Duk da cewa majalisar ministocinsa ta hada da wasu 'yan bangaren hagu, wasu kalilan ne suka yi tsammanin zai yi amfani da manufofin da za su bambanta da na magabata. Amma bayan shekara daya ko fiye da hawansa mulki, Zelaya ya fara yin wani yunkuri na bazata. Don rashin jin daɗin shugabannin kasuwancin Honduras, ya ƙara ƙarin mafi ƙarancin albashin ƙasar. Ya bude tattaunawa da kungiyoyin malaman sannan ya fara wani tsari na sake duba sunayen kadarori a yankin Bajo Aguán, yanki mai albarka inda rikicin filaye tsakanin kananan manoma da kamfanoni ya shafe shekaru ashirin. A gaban kasa da kasa, ya sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar makamashi na yankin Petrocaribe tare da Venezuela kuma ya kawo Honduras a cikin Bolivarian Alliance (ALBA), ƙungiyoyin gwamnatoci ciki har da Venezuela, Bolivia, Cuba, Ecuador, da Nicaragua wadanda suka nuna adawa da "ciniki na kyauta" na Amurka. ajandar neoliberal a yankin.
Yayin da ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa hagu, Zelaya ya fara tattaunawa da CNRP da sauran ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa kuma sun yarda su goyi bayan daya daga cikin ayyukan da suka fi dacewa: a abun ciki wanda aka dorawa alhakin tsara sabon kundin tsarin mulki mai ci gaba don maye gurbin tsarin mulki mai tsauri, mai ra'ayin mazan jiya na 1981, wanda aka tsara a cikin kwanaki na ƙarshe na mulkin kama-karya na soja na ƙarshe. A farkon 2009 Zelaya ya yi kira ga a ciwon zuciya- kuri'a na hudu - a zaben Nuwamba na wannan shekara don ba da damar masu jefa kuri'a su yanke shawara ko za su yi taron ko a'a abun ciki. Lokacin da jam'iyyar National Party da kuma masu ra'ayin mazan jiya na Liberal Party suka hana shawarar ci gaba a Honduras Congress, Zelaya ya fara shirya wani zabe na kasa wanda ba shi da tushe don auna goyon bayan jama'a ga jam'iyyar. ciwon zuciya.
Masu adawa da Zelaya sun yi iƙirarin cewa ainihin burinsa shi ne ya tsawaita wa'adin mulki, amma wannan cajin bai kai ruwa ba saboda zaɓen watan Nuwamba, ko babu. ciwon zuciya, zai hada da zaben sabon shugaban kasa, kuma Zelaya ba ya cikin jerin 'yan takara. A haƙiƙanin gaskiya, jiga-jigan Honduras sun ƙara zage-zage saboda juyawar Zelaya na hagu suna neman duk wani uzuri don cire shi daga mulki.
A safiyar ranar 28 ga Yuni, 2009, ranar da za a gudanar da zaɓen ƙasar, sojoji sun yi garkuwa da Zelaya da bindiga kuma suka saka shi a jirgin sama zuwa Costa Rica. Gwamnatoci a duk faɗin Latin Amurka da Caribbean sun firgita cewa za a iya aiwatar da juyin mulkin soji cikin sauƙi. Sabanin haka, Amurka ta ja kafarta wajen yin Allah wadai da juyin mulkin tare da yin tir da bukatar wasu gwamnatoci na a dawo da Zelaya cikin gaggawa.
Dangantakar Amurka da sabbin gwamnatocin kasashen Latin Amurka masu ra'ayin hagu ta kasance mai tsauri tun farko. Gwamnatin George W. Bush ta goyi bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi na wani dan gajeren lokaci da sojoji suka yi wa Hugo Chavez a shekara ta 2002 sannan kuma ta goyi bayan yunkurin juyin mulkin da magoya bayansa suka yi na tilasta wa Chavez sauka daga mukaminsa ta hanyar rufe masana'antar mai ta Venezuela. A Bolivia, Ofishin Jakadancin Amirka da USAID sun yi aiki don ganin jam'iyyar MAS mai ra'ayin gurguzu ta Evo Morales ta samu mulki a farkon shekarun 2000, daga bisani kuma ta goyi bayan ƙungiyoyin 'yan aware masu adawa da mulkin Morales. A shekara ta 2008 ofishin jakadancin Amurka da ke La Paz ya ba da nuna goyon baya ga 'yan adawar Bolivia a daidai lokacin da suke gudanar da zanga-zangar tada hankali da kowace kasa a Kudancin Amurka ta yi Allah wadai da shi.
Takardun diflomasiyyar Amurka da WikiLeaks suka buga sun nuna cewa Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka ta shafe shekaru tana shagaltuwa da dakile tasirin ALBA, wanda aka kwatanta a cikin igiyoyi a matsayin "kayan aikin siyasa na dogaro ga Chavez." Hatta wadanda ba memban da ke da kyakkyawar alaka da kasashen ALBA, kamar Brazil, an yi musu kallon tuhuma. Amma adawar gwamnatin Bush ga Venezuela da ALBA kawai sun sami nasarar haɓaka zurfafa fahimtar haɗin kai tsakanin gwamnatocin hagu na Latin Amurka. Yankin ya numfasa baki ɗaya lokacin da Obama, jim kaɗan bayan hawansa mulki, ya yi alkawarin "daidaitawar haɗin gwiwa" da "sabon babi na haɗin gwiwa" da Latin Amurka.
Juyin mulkin Honduras shi ne babban gwajin yanki na farko na Obama. Kasar ta dade tana aiki a matsayin wurin da Amurka ta fi dogaro da ita a tsakiyar Amurka. A cikin 1980s ya ba da murfin da tushe na kayan aiki don Contras masu goyon bayan CIA a Nicaragua. Tun daga 1983 sansanin Soto Cano ya tanadi sojojin Amurka da jiragen sama duk da cewa kundin tsarin mulkin Honduras ya hana "kasashen waje na dindindin." Har zuwa Zelaya, muradun Amurka a Honduras sun kasance amintattu a ƙarƙashin gwamnatocin Jam'iyyar National da Liberal Party waɗanda tare suka yi mulkin ƙasar tun 1983.
"Shugaba Zelaya ya buge mu a matsayin mai ra'ayin jama'a, amma mai saukin kamuwa da tasirin hagu," in ji tsohon jakadan Amurka Charles Ford a watan Yuni 2006, a farkon wa'adin Zelaya. Ford ya kara da cewa, "Zelaya ba ta fahimci babbar barazanar siyasa da Chavez ke yi ba." Shekaru biyu bayan haka, bayan Honduras ya shiga Petrocaribe da ALBA, Amurka duk ta yi watsi da Zelaya. “Sauran watanni 16 kacal ya sauka daga mulki, burinmu shi ne mu samu Zelaya ya cika wa’adinsa ba tare da haifar da wata illa da ba za ta iya daidaitawa ba ga alakar kasashen biyu. . . da kuma rage ƙara haɓaka dangantaka da Chavez," in ji sabon jakadan Amurka, Hugo Llorens, a cikin Satumba 2008.
A ranar da aka yi juyin mulkin, fadar White House ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ta gaza amincewa da cewa an yi juyin mulki. Kashegari Shugaba Obama ya yi karin bayani: “Mun yi imanin cewa juyin mulkin bai halatta ba. . . .” An dakatar da wani bangare na taimakon soja. Amma duk da haka gwamnatin ta yi jinkirin bin wasu tsauraran matakai kan gwamnatin juyin mulkin. Ta ki yin amfani da kalmar "juyin mulkin soja," wanda, bisa doka, da zai haifar da dakatar da duk wani taimakon da ba na jin kai ba ga Honduras.
Sannan kuma, a farkon watan Nuwamban shekarar 2009, gwamnatin Amurka ba tare da wani bangare ba ta sanar da cewa za ta amince da sahihancin zabe a Honduras a karshen wannan watan ko an maido da dimokradiyya ko a'a. Ba da dadewa ba, kungiyar Río - wacce ta hada da kusan kowace kasa a Latin Amurka - ta fitar da wata sanarwa da ta yi watsi da wannan matsayi mai karfi, amma an yi barna: gwamnatin juyin mulkin ta fahimci cewa ikon da ke da karfi a yankin zai taimaka wajen kawar da juyin mulkin ta hanyar gane kuskuren kuskure. zaben da ba bisa doka ba. Amurka dai kusan ita kadai ce ta amince da zabukan 2009, wanda ya faru a wani yanayi na danniya da FNRP ta kaurace masa.
Taimakon sojan Amurka ga Honduras ya karu cikin sauri a karkashin wanda ya lashe zaben, shugaban jam'iyyar National Party Porfirio Lobo Sosa. Hakika, da sunan "yakin da ake yi da kwayoyi," taimakon da Amurka ke baiwa sojoji da 'yan sanda a duk Amurka ta tsakiya da Mexico ya karu sosai tun daga shekara ta 2008. A daidai wannan lokacin, laifuffukan 'yancin ɗan adam da jami'an tsaron jihohi ke aikatawa ya karu sosai a cikin waɗannan. kasashe, amma babu inda ya kai na Honduras, wadda ta kasance hedkwatar kisan gilla a duniya tun daga 2011 kuma tana daya daga cikin mafi girman adadin shari'a.
Jami'an tsaron jihar Honduras sun aiwatar da juyin mulkin shekarar 2009 tare da aiwatar da muggan laifukan da suka biyo baya. Ko da yake wani “Hukumar Gaskiya” da Amurka ke daukar nauyinta ta gano adadin kashe-kashen da ‘yan sanda da sojoji suka yi a bayan juyin mulkin, ba a dauki matakin shari’a ba, kuma iyalan wadanda aka kashe din ba su sami diyya ba. Bayan da Lobo ya hau kan karagar mulki, an ci gaba da danniya a cikin wani salo mara kyau, inda aka yi ta kashe-kashe da munanan hare-hare. manomi shugabanni, 'yan jarida, masu fafutukar LGBT (babban juriya da mazabar LIBRE), lauyoyi, da masu fafutuka. Kungiyoyin kare hakkin bil'adama sun lura da sake bullar ayyukan 'yan sanda a karon farko tun cikin shekarun 1980. A cikin shekaru hudu da suka gabata, sama da 100 manomi An kashe masu fafutuka a yankin Bajo Aguán da ke fama da yawan sojoji. An kashe 'yan takara 24 da masu fafutuka na LIBRE a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, kuma da yawa sun sha fama da munanan hare-hare da barazanar kisa.
Kusan 'yan jam'iyyar Democrats 100 na majalisar dokokin Amurka sun yi kira ga gwamnatin Obama da ta dakatar da duk wani tallafin tsaro da Amurka ke baiwa Honduras yayin da ake ci gaba da kai hare-hare kan masu fafutukar kare hakkin jama'a ba tare da hukunta su ba. Manyan jami'an tsaron Honduras sun yi Allah wadai da cin hanci da rashawa da kuma aikata laifuka a duk fadin 'yan sanda da sojoji, kuma a wasu lokuta sun mutu. Amma kudaden Amurka sun ci gaba da tafiya.
A ranar 24 ga Nuwamba, 2013, 'yan kasar Honduras sun fito a rumfunan zabe a lambobi. Rahotanni na rashin bin doka da oda da Honduras da kungiyoyin fararen hula na duniya suka fara yaduwa cikin sauri. An yi barazana ga ma'aikatan zabe; An jera masu jefa kuri’a a matsayin matattu a cikin rajista kuma an hana su shiga rumfunan zabe; 'Yan jam'iyyar ta kasa sun tsunduma cikin siyan kuri'u a wajen cibiyoyin zabe. Yayin da aka rufe rumfunan zabe, duka biyun LIBRE da wata sabuwar jam’iyya—Jam’iyyar Anti-Corruption Party, ko PAC—sun ba da rahoton bambance-bambance tsakanin takardun kididdiga na asali da kuma sakamakon lantarki da aka buga a gidan yanar gizon hukumar zaben Honduras, Kotu Supremo Electoral (TSE).
Lokacin da TSE ta sanar da cewa Hernández ya yi nasara, nan da nan duka LIBRE da PAC sun fafata da sakamakon. Sai dai tawagar sa ido kan zaben daga Kungiyar Kasashen Amurka da Tarayyar Turai ba ta yi wani bayani ba game da kura-kurai da dama da daruruwan masu sa ido na zabe masu zaman kansu suka ruwaito tare da ayyana zaben a matsayin “mai gaskiya da adalci.” A wannan daren Jakadiyar Amurka a Honduras Lisa Kubiske ta ce ta “yarda da kuma mutunta” sakamakon zaben. A ranar 12 ga Disamba, TSE, bayan kin amincewa da bukatar LIBRE da PAC na sake kirga kuri'un, ta sanar da lambobin zabe na karshe: Hernández ya lashe zaben da kashi 36.9 na kuri'un. Xiomara ya zo na biyu da kashi 28.8, dan takarar Liberal ya samu kashi 20.3 cikin dari, PAC kuma ta zo ta hudu da kashi 13.4.
Da kyau kafin bikin rantsar da shi na Janairu 27, Hernández ya fara yin noma a gaba tare da ajandar bangarori biyu na aikin soja da neoliberalism. Yayin da ake hasashen za a samu takun saka a majalisa mai zuwa, Hernández, shugaban majalisar mai barin gado, ya yi aiki tare da masu rinjaye na jam'iyyar National Party don zartar da matakai sama da dari a watan Disamba da Janairu - fiye da dokokin da aka zartar a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata a hade.
Kunshin na Neoliberal na Hernández ya hada da karin harajin kashi 15 cikin XNUMX na koma baya kan labaran mabukaci, daskarewar albashin ma’aikatun gwamnati, da mayar da kamfanin sadarwa na Hondutel mai zaman kansa, da kuma rage tallafin wutar lantarki. Ya kuma gabatar da wani shiri na kafa biranen "charter" ko "samfurin" a cikin Honduras - yankunan ci gaban da aka keɓe daga dokokin Honduras na yau da kullum kuma suna ƙarƙashin haraji da ka'idojin doka da gwamnatocin kasashen waje da kamfanoni suka tsara.
Majalisar mai barin gado ta kuma kada kuri'ar sanya 'yan sandan sojan Honduras a cikin kundin tsarin mulkin kasar. Shirin MP, wanda aka ƙirƙira a cikin Satumba 2013 kuma ya yi fice a cikin tallan yaƙin neman zaɓe na "doka da oda" na Hernández, yana sanya dubban sojoji akan tituna. Duk da cewa manufarsu ita ce murkushe ayyukan gungun 'yan ta'adda, tuni 'yan majalisar wakilai suka kai farmaki gidan wani fitaccen mai fafutuka, kuma masu kare hakkin bil'adama da masu fafutuka na fargabar cewa yunkurin aikata laifuka da murkushe ayyukan zamantakewar Honduras zai bunkasa ne kawai.
Kodayake gaba na iya zama mara kyau ga LIBRE da kuma faffadan juriya, ba ta da bege. Masu fafutuka daga manomi ƙungiyoyi, ƙungiyoyin malamai, da sauran ƙungiyoyin jama'a yanzu suna cikin babbar ƙungiyar siyasa ta biyu a Majalisar Honduras. Babu shakka, manufar sabuwar gwamnati ta neman sassaucin ra'ayi zai sanya rayuwa cikin wahala ga talakawan kasar Honduras, amma kuma za ta sake karfafa harkokin zamantakewar kasar.
Bayan shekaru biyu na yakin neman zabe, lokaci ne na hisabi da tunani a cikin FNRP. Ya kamata ayyukan majalisa su zama fifiko? Ko kuma yakamata ƙungiyar ta fi mayar da hankali kan tallafawa manomi gwagwarmaya da kare al'ummomin ƴan asalin waɗanda filayensu da rayuwarsu ke fuskantar barazana ta ayyukan masana'antu na ƙasa da ƙasa?
Har ila yau, Amurka za ta yi kyau ta ja da baya, ta yi nazari kan abubuwan da manufofinta suka cimma. Gwamnatin Lobo, wacce ta samu gagarumin tallafin diflomasiyya da na kudi na Amurka, ta lura da ci gaba da karuwar talauci da rashin daidaito bayan wani lokaci da aka samu ingantattun alamomin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki a karkashin Zelaya. Kara taimakon tsaro na Amurka ya zo daidai da karuwar tashe-tashen hankula da rahotannin kashe-kashe da cin zarafi da suka shafi jami'an tsaro. A matakin yanki, goyon bayan da gwamnati ke baiwa gwamnatin juyin mulkin Honduras ya kara mayar da Amurka saniyar ware tare da rura wutar yunƙurin haɗin gwiwar da ba ta taka rawa a ciki ba.
Masu tsara manufofin Washington sun kasa ganin cewa ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa, maimakon ɗaiɗaikun shugabanni kamar Zelaya, Chávez, ko Morales, sune mafi jurewa da ƙarfin canji a Latin Amurka a yau. Wadannan yunƙurin sun samo asali ne daga ainihin manufofin tattalin arziki da Amurka ta inganta a yankin, kuma danniya ba zai sa su tafi ba. Ko gwamnatin Amurka tana so ko ba ta so, juriyar Honduras da ɗimbin ƙungiyoyi masu kama da juna a duk faɗin Latin Amurka suna nan don tsayawa.
Alexander Main Babban Mataimakin Babban Mataimakin Kasa ne a Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arziki da Siyasa.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi