Ana kiran sabon littafin Jody Williams Sunana Jody Williams: Hanyar Gaggawa 'Yar'uwar Vermont zuwa Kyautar Zaman Lafiya ta Nobel, kuma labari ne na ban mamaki na wani abin mamaki. Har ila yau, tarihin rayuwa ne da aka faɗa sosai, gami da a cikin surori na ƙuruciya waɗanda a cikinsu akwai ƴan alamun fafutuka masu zuwa.
Mutum zai iya karanta wannan littafi ya zo yana tunanin "Duk wanda zai iya lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel," idan mutane a gaskiya sun gaya wa 'ya'yansu za su iya yin hakan maimakon gaya musu cewa za su iya zama shugaban kasa, kuma idan mutum yana tunanin wadanda suka lashe kyautar Nobel. tsarkaka. A wata ma'ana, ba shakka, kowa iya lashe lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel, kamar yadda ake ba da ita ga mutanen kirki wadanda ba ruwansu da zaman lafiya, a wasu lokutan kuma ana baiwa masu fada aji. Don lashe lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel kuma ta cancanci, kamar yadda Williams ya yi - wannan wani labari ne. Wannan yana buƙatar, ba tsarkakewa ba, amma gwagwarmaya.
Aiki yawanci 99% gumi ne da sadaukarwar da ke motsa shi, kamar gwaninta. Amma game da lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel, da kuma irin nasarar da ake samu cikin sauri idan aka yi amfani da ita bisa ga nufin Alfred Nobel, gumi ya kai kashi 49%. Sauran 50% shine lokaci. Masu fafutuka da suka dauki Williams don jagorantar yakin hana nakiyoyi sun yi daidai. Williams ya shiga cikin wani abu mai ƙarfi. Ta tsara wasu nasarorin farko, ta bayyana tasiri da mahimmancin aikin, ta yi aiki dare da rana, kuma ta kalli sauran mutane da yawa, a cikin ƙasashe da yawa, suna jefa kansu cikin yakin a hanyar da mutane ke yi kawai idan sun yi imani cewa wani abu zai yi sauri da sauri. inganta duniya.
Ta yaya mutum zai zaɓi batun da ya dace a daidai lokacin? A bin misalin yakin nakiyoyin da aka yi, dole ne mutum ya dauko wani batu da sauran kasashen duniya za su iya yin wani abin alheri a kansa ba tare da sa hannun gwamnatin Amurka ba, kuma a hakikanin gaskiya ya yi nasara duk da tsananin adawa da gwamnatin Amurka, sannan ya ja Amurka. gwamnati tare, harbawa da kururuwa, da zarar sauran kasashen duniya sun ci gaba.
Abin da ya fi ba ni mamaki game da rabin farko ko makamancin haka na littafin Williams shine yadda koyaushe muke yin wahala ga duk wanda ke son yin aiki don ingantacciyar duniya don samun aikin da ya dace. Muna zubar da biliyoyin kudi wajen daukar matasa aikin soja ko sana’ar kasuwanci. Ka yi tunanin idan matasa sun sami waɗannan hanyoyin da kansu. Ka yi tunanin idan an yi amfani da tallace-tallacen talabijin da wasannin bidiyo da fina-finai da kallon kallo a manyan wasannin motsa jiki don ɗaukar matasa su shiga cikin fafutukar da ba ta dace ba don zaman lafiya ko adalci. Williams da wasu da yawa sun iya samun hanyarsu da sauri.
Williams ta yi jayayya da mahaifinta game da yakin da Amurka ta yi da Vietnam. Ya fara zuwa tare da fallasa abin da ya faru na Gulf of Tonkin a matsayin almara, kuma tare da barazanar da za a tsara ɗa - kuma ba shakka ma sakamakon lallashin Williams.
Abin da ya sa Williams shiga gwagwarmayar biya na cikakken lokaci, shekaru bayan haka, wata takarda ce da aka mika mata a wata tashar metro ta Washington, DC. Babban labarin ya karanta: "El Salvador: Wani Vietnam?" A ƙarshe, Williams ta sami kanta cikin aikin gwagwarmaya wanda "ba ya jin kamar aiki." Ina ɗaukar wannan don nufin wani abu don "ji kamar aiki" yana buƙatar ɓata lokaci. Yin gwagwarmaya, ba shakka, ba haka bane. Ka yi tunani a kan wace irin al'umma ce da muka gina a cikinta wadda ta zama marar amfani.
Samun gwagwarmaya ba, ba shakka, yana nufin samun rayuwa mai sauƙi. Yana nufin sadaukarwa da kasada, amma cika sadaukarwa da kasada. Williams ya yi kasadar mutuwa da rauni a Amurka ta tsakiya kuma ya sha wahala, a tsakanin wasu abubuwa, fyade. Shekaru daga baya ta ba da wannan labarin a bainar jama'a a gaban masu sauraro 2,000 a matsayin wani ɓangare na Ma'anar Farji Monologues. "Na ji lokaci ya yi da zan yi amfani da misali don gaya wa mata cewa ba lallai ne su bar abubuwan da suka faru ba su lalata rayuwarsu. Ban bar shi ya lalata tawa ba." Ba ta bari duk wasu mugayen abubuwan da suka faru su hana ta ba.
Da Williams ta fara shirya Yaƙin Duniya na Ban Bone (ICBL), nasara ta fara zuwa da sauri fiye da yadda take tsammani. Juriya ya girma daidai tare da shi. Nakiyoyi ba sa kashe mutane, gwamnatoci sun ce, mutane suna kashe mutane. Amurka ita ce mafi muni, inda ta ba da shawarar a yi amfani da “nakiyoyi masu wayo” da za su kashe idan yaƙe-yaƙe suka ƙare, ta haka ne ake kashe mutanen da suka dace amma ba waɗanda ba daidai ba, suna kashe sojoji amma ba manoma da yara ba. Williams ta ba da labarin yadda ta la'anci tare da yin tir da wani jami'in diflomasiyyar Amurka da ke kokarin lallashin ta game da cancantar "nakiyoyin da aka binne." Williams ba ta sami natsuwa "a cikin zuciyarta" ko a cikin mu'amalarta ta sirri don ciyar da zaman lafiya a duniya ba. Ta ci gaba da zaman lafiya a duniya ta hanyar sha'awa, kuma ta hanyar dabara mai wayo. Mutanen duniya ba su shirya don yin sha'awar yin aiki don hana nakiyoyin da ba a binne ba. Yaƙin neman zaɓe na hana nakiyoyin da ba a binne su ba da bai haifar da komai ba kwata-kwata.
Williams bai bayar da ko taki daya ba a matsayin martani ga jawaban da shugaban kasar Bill Clinton ya yi kan nakiyoyin da aka binne a lokacin, wadanda suka hada da manufofinsa na kare nakiyoyin da aka binne. Ta yi nuni da cewa, "Hanyoyin zafafan kalamai ba sa yin wani abu don ceton rayuka," in ji ta - wata shawara mai yuwuwar ƙima ga masu goyon bayan jawaban Shugaba Obama na adawa da manufofinsa.
Yaƙin nakiyoyi sun haɓaka, tare da taimakon Williams, a ƙasashe da yawa. A Italiya, masu fafutuka sun tilasta batun shiga kafafen yada labarai kuma suka matsa wa ministan tsaro goyon bayan haramcin. Sun kuma gamsar da kungiyoyin kwadagon da mambobinsu ke samar da nakiyoyin da suke binnewa domin rayuwarsu don tallafa wa haramcin. Williams ta halarci wani dogon tattaki zuwa wani garin masana'anta, inda mata hudu ma'aikata suka rike tuta da ke cewa "Ba za mu ciyar da 'ya'yanmu ba ta hanyar yin nakiyoyi da ke kashe yaran wasu." Ka yi tunanin ƙirƙirar al'ada a cikin Amurka inda mutane suka ɗauki wannan matakin da adadi mai yawa! Wataƙila yana da lokacin da na fara.
ICBL ta haɗa diflomasiya tare da matsin lamba. A wani taro da jami'an gwamnati a birnin Geneva, masu fafutuka sun shirya yadda za a ji karar fashewar nakiya a cikin kowane minti 20, kuma wata na'ura ta nuna karuwar adadin wadanda abin ya shafa a duniya (daya kowane minti 20). An nuna hotunan wadanda abin ya shafa. Talla da lambobi sun kasance a ko'ina. A Faransa da Ostiriya, masu fafutuka sun isar da tarin takalman da babu kowa a cikin fitattun wurare. A wasu ƙasashen Afirka, ICBL ta taimaka wajen haɓaka ƙungiyoyin farar hula masu fafutuka inda ba a taɓa samun ɗaya ba.
Williams dole ne ya magance duk rarrabuwar kawuna da ke tasowa a cikin motsi. Wasu sun yi adawa da farashin taro lokacin da ake buƙatar kuɗi don "aiki na gaske" na kawar da nakiyoyi. "Ko ta yaya suka yi nasarar kaucewa fahimtar cewa, ba tare da matsin lamba da tarurruka ke haifarwa ba, da ba a samu sha'awar tara kudi don share ma'adinan kwata-kwata ba."
A cikin 1996, Kanada ta jagoranci gaba wajen ba da shawarar sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar hana nakiyoyi a 1997. Amma Amurka ta yi tsayin daka don ƙoƙarin lalata tsarin. A wani taro da aka yi a birnin Oslo, masu fafutuka sun shirya wa jami'an diflomasiyya su shiga ginin ta wani filin nakiyoyin da aka kwaikwayi, da kuma tunkarar wadanda nakiyoyi suka binne a lokacin da suka shiga. Matsin lamba yana karuwa ta hanyar da ta dace, amma "girma da rashin tausayi na Amurka. yana da wuyar fahimta."
Williams ya gina ƙwazo don buƙatu mai ma'ana: "babu madogara, babu keɓantawa, kuma babu ajiyar zuciya." Amma Amurka masu karfi kasashe da kuma kusan sun juya Kanada baya ga nata shirin. ICBL ta fara kiran Kanada jiha ta 51. Props sun yi wa Kanada ba'a ko da lokacin da jami'an diflomasiyyar Kanada masu goyon bayan haramtawa suka wuce. "Shin me gwamnatin ku take yi?" Williams ya bukaci jami'in Kanada. "Kun fara wannan duka! Idan Kanada ta yi rami, za mu toya wa ministan harkokin waje na ku a fili."
Sai kuma lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya ta Nobel, kuma Williams ya yi suna ya kira Shugaba Clinton a matsayin wani weenie saboda ya ki goyon bayan haramcin. Kyautar zaman lafiya ce ta taimaka wa motsi, da kuma lambar yabo ta zaman lafiya wanda mai karɓa ya amsa daidai, ta sadaukar da kanta ga zaman lafiya.
Daga nan kuma aka yi yarjejeniya ta hana nakiyoyi. Sa'an nan kuma ya zo kusan cikakkiyar yarda da shi, ciki har da Amurka wanda har yanzu ba ta sanya hannu ba.
A jawabinta na Nobel, Williams ta ce wannan shi ne karo na farko da shugabannin gwamnatoci suka yi biyayya ga bukatar jama'a. Wato, ba shakka, ba gaskiya ba ne. Banda sun haɗa da Agusta 27, 1928, lokacin da al'ummomin duniya haramta yaki. Amma irin wannan lamarin ba kasafai ake samunsa ba, kuma tambayar ita ce ta yaya za a sake faruwa. An haramta amfani da makamai masu linzami na makafi a cikin 1996, da kuma bama-bamai a cikin 2008.
Akwai wani yunkuri a yanzu da ke yunƙurin hana jirage marasa matuki masu cin gashin kansu. Akwai makamancin haka da nakiyoyin da aka binne, idan mutum yana tunanin duka biyun kashe-kashe ne ba tare da ra’ayin dan Adam ba. Duk da haka, iyalin da makamai masu linzami na wuta suka ziyarta ba za su damu ba ko mutum ya danna maballin. Kuma ɓacin ran da waɗanda ke zaune a ƙarƙashin jiragen marasa matuƙa ke ji musamman ga jiragen marasa matuki da wuya ya sami damar faɗaɗa idan waɗannan jiragen sun zama masu cin gashin kansu. Kisan da aka yi da jirage masu saukar ungulu ya riga ya yi kama da kisan kai, har ma ga Amurkawa da yawa, ta hanyar da yawan kisa a cikin yaki ba ya yin hakan. Me yasa, ina mamaki, bai kamata motsi ya kasance ba haramta jirage marasa matuki masu makami?
Ko watakila motsi ya kamata ya kasance don aiwatar da dokar hana yaki? Wataƙila ko ta yaya ƙungiyoyin ɓangarori na yaƙi da abubuwan yaƙi yakamata su fara haɓaka fahimtar kawar da gaba ɗaya a hanya. Yunkurin hana sansanonin soji a ƙasashen waje, alal misali, ana iya aiwatar da shi tare da tushen falsafar yaƙi. A kowane hali, tabbas za mu iya koyo game da mafi kyawun hanyar gaba ta hanyar ɗaukar littafin Williams da kuma tsunduma cikin ɗan ƙaramin aikin da Shugaba Obama ya raina: waiwaya.
Littattafan David Swanson sun hada da "Yakin Yaqi ne." Ya yi blogs a http://davidswanson.org da kuma http://warisacrime.org da kuma aiki don http://rootsaction.org. Yana hawan Radio Nation Nation. Bi shi akan Twitter: @davidcnswanson da kuma FaceBook.
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