Harry Truman ya yi magana a Majalisar Dattijan Amurka a ranar 23 ga Yuni, 1941: "Idan muka ga Jamus tana yin nasara," in ji shi, "ya kamata mu taimaki Rasha, kuma idan Rasha ta ci nasara, ya kamata mu taimaki Jamus, kuma ta haka a bar su su kashe. da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu."
Shin Truman ya daraja rayuwar Jafananci fiye da Rasha da Jamus? Babu wani abu da zai nuna cewa ya yi. Amma duk da haka muna muhawara, kowace 6 ga Agustath ko dai, ko Truman yana shirye ya sadaukar da rayukan Jafanawa ba dole ba domin ya tsorata Rasha da bama-baman nukiliya. Ya yarda; bai yarda ba; ya yarda. Hagu daga cikin wannan muhawara akwai yuwuwar yiwuwar kashe Jafanawa da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu yana cikin manufofin Truman.
Wani bincike na Sojojin Amurka a 1943 ya gano cewa kusan rabin dukkanin GI sun yi imanin cewa ya zama dole a kashe kowane dan Jafananci a duniya. William Halsey, wanda ya jagoranci sojojin ruwa na Amurka a Kudancin Pacific a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, ya yi tunanin aikinsa a matsayin "Kashe Japs, kashe Japs, kashe Japs," kuma ya sha alwashin cewa lokacin da yakin ya ƙare, harshen Jafananci. za a yi magana kawai a cikin jahannama. Wakilin War Edgar L. Jones ya rubuta a cikin Fabrairu 1946 Atlantic Monthly, “Wane irin yaki ne farar hula suke zaton mun yi fada ne? Mun harbe fursunoni cikin ruwan sanyi, mun shafe asibitoci, da makare da kwale-kwalen ceto, mun kashe ko kuma wulakanta farar hular abokan gaba, muka gama da abokan gaba da suka samu raunuka, muka jefa wadanda suke mutuwa a cikin rami tare da wadanda suka mutu, kuma a Pacific Boiled nama daga kwanyar abokan gaba don yin kayan ado na tebur don masoya, ko kuma sassaƙa ƙasusuwansu cikin masu buɗe wasiƙa.
A ranar 6 ga Agusta, 1945, Shugaba Truman ya sanar da cewa: "Sa'o'i goma sha shida da suka wuce wani jirgin saman Amurka ya jefa bam daya a kan Hiroshima, wani muhimmin sansanin sojojin Japan. Wannan bam yana da iko fiye da 20,000 na T.N.T. Yana da fiye da sau dubu biyu karfin fashewar wutar lantarki. "Grand Slam" na Burtaniya wanda shi ne bam mafi girma da aka taba amfani da shi a tarihin yakin "Hakika Hiroshima birni ne mai cike da jama'a, ba sansanin Sojoji ba ne. Amma waɗannan mutanen Jafananci ne kawai. Janar Sir Thomas Blamey ne ya bayyana haka New York Times: "Yakin Japs ba kamar fada da mutane na yau da kullun bane. Jap din dan baranda ne…. Ba mu ma'amala da mutane kamar yadda muka san su. Muna fuskantar wani abu na farko. Sojojinmu suna da ra'ayin da ya dace game da Japs. Suna daukar su. kamar magudanar ruwa."
Wasu suna ƙoƙari su yi tunanin cewa bama-bamai sun rage yaƙin kuma sun ceci rayuka fiye da 200,000 da suka kwashe. Amma duk da haka, makonni kafin a jefa bam na farko, a ranar 13 ga Yuli, 1945, Japan ta aika da sakon wayar tarho zuwa Tarayyar Soviet tana nuna sha'awarta na mika wuya da kawo karshen yakin. Amurka ta karya lambobin Japan kuma ta karanta telegram. Truman yayi magana a cikin littafin tarihinsa zuwa "labaran waya daga Jap Emperor yana neman zaman lafiya." An sanar da Truman ta hanyar tashoshi na Swiss da Portuguese na zaman lafiyar Jafananci tun watanni uku kafin Hiroshima. Kasar Japan dai ta ki mika wuya ne kawai ba tare da wani sharadi ba, ta kuma mika wuya ga sarkinta, amma Amurka ta dage kan wadannan sharuddan har sai da bama-bamai suka fado, inda ta baiwa Japan damar ci gaba da rike sarkinta.
Mai ba shugaban kasa shawara James Byrnes ya shaidawa Truman cewa jefa bama-baman zai baiwa Amurka damar "shaida sharuddan kawo karshen yakin." Sakataren Rundunar Sojan Ruwa James Forrestal ya rubuta a cikin littafin tarihinsa cewa Byrnes ya kasance "ya fi damuwa da ganin an kawo karshen al'amarin Japan kafin Rashawa su shigo." Truman ya rubuta a cikin littafinsa cewa Soviets suna shirye-shiryen tafiya zuwa Japan da "Fini Japs lokacin da hakan ya faru." Truman ya ba da umarnin jefa bam a Hiroshima a ranar 6 ga Agustath da kuma wani nau'in bam, bam din plutonium, wanda kuma sojoji suka so gwadawa da kuma nuna shi a Nagasaki a ranar 9 ga Agusta. Har ila yau, a ranar 9 ga Agusta, Soviets sun kai hari ga Japan. A cikin makonni biyu masu zuwa, Soviets sun kashe Jafanawa 84,000 yayin da suka rasa sojojinsu 12,000, kuma Amurka ta ci gaba da jefa bam a Japan da makaman nukiliya. Sai Japanawa suka mika wuya.
Binciken Dabarun Bama-bamai na Amurka ya kammala da cewa, “… tabbas kafin ranar 31 ga Disamba, 1945, kuma ga dukkan alamu kafin 1 ga Nuwamba, 1945, da Japan ta mika wuya ko da ba a jefa bam din nukiliya ba, ko da Rasha ba ta shiga ba. yakin, kuma ko da ba a shirya ko an yi tunanin wani hari ba." Wani mai adawa da ya bayyana wannan ra'ayi ga Sakataren Yaƙi kafin tashin bama-bamai shi ne Janar Dwight Eisenhower. Shugaban hafsan hafsoshin hafsoshin sojojin kasar Admiral William D. Leahy ya amince da cewa: "Amfani da wannan makami na dabbanci a Hiroshima da Nagasaki bai da wani taimako na abin duniya a yakin da muke yi da Japan. Tuni dai Japanawa suka sha kashi kuma a shirye suke su mika wuya."
Duk abin da jefa bama-bamai zai iya taimakawa wajen kawo karshen yakin, yana da sha'awar cewa tsarin barazanar jefa su, tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin rabin karni na yakin cacar baka, ba a taba gwadawa ba. Wataƙila za a iya samun bayani a cikin maganganun Truman da ke nuna dalilin ɗaukar fansa:
"Bayan gano bam din da muka yi amfani da shi, mun yi amfani da shi a kan wadanda suka kai mana hari ba tare da gargadi ba a Pearl Harbor, da wadanda suka yi fama da yunwa da duka da kuma kashe fursunonin yaki na Amurka, da kuma wadanda suka yi watsi da duk wani abu na yin biyayya ga kasashen duniya. dokar yaki."
Truman bai ce ya yi amfani da bam din ne don takaita yakin ko ceton rayuka ba. Ya ce ya yi amfani da bam ne saboda zai iya. "Bayan gano bam din da muka yi amfani da shi." Kuma ya bayar da dalilai na yin amfani da shi halaye guda uku na mutanen da aka kashe: su (ko gwamnatinsu) sun kai wa sojojin Amurka hari, su (ko gwamnatinsu) sun zalunci fursunonin Amurka, kuma su (ko gwamnatinsu) - kuma wannan ba tare da wani abin ban tsoro ba. nufin - adawa da dokokin kasa da kasa.
Truman ba zai iya ba, ba zato ba tsammani, ya zaɓi Tokyo a matsayin manufa - ba saboda birni ne ba, amma saboda mu (ko gwamnatinmu) mun riga mun mayar da shi tarkace.
Masifun nukiliyar wataƙila ba ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya ba ne, amma buɗe wasan kwaikwayo ne na Yaƙin Cadi, da nufin aika sako ga Soviets. Yawancin manyan jami'ai da manyan jami'an soja na Amurka, ciki har da manyan kwamandojin, an jarabce su da su lalata wasu biranen tun daga lokacin, tun daga lokacin da Truman ya yi barazanar lalata kasar Sin a shekarar 1950. Tatsuniya ta taso, a hakika, cewa sha'awar Eisenhower na nukiliya ta haifar da China. zuwa karshen yakin Koriya cikin sauri. Imani da wannan tatsuniya ya jagoranci Shugaba Richard Nixon, bayan shekaru da dama, don tunanin zai iya kawo karshen yakin Vietnam ta hanyar yin kamar ya zama mahaukaci don amfani da bama-bamai na nukiliya. Ko da ya fi damuwa, a zahiri ya kasance mahaukaci. "Bam din nukiliya, shin hakan yana damun ku? ... Ina so ku yi tunani babba, Henry, don Christsakes," Nixon ya ce wa Henry Kissinger a cikin tattaunawa game da zabi na Vietnam.
Ina so ku yi tunani, a maimakon haka, game da wannan waƙa:
Hiroshima
da Sherwood Ross
Ni ne Reverend Kiyoshi Tanimoto
Ya yi karatun digiri a Kwalejin Emory, Atlanta,
Limamin cocin Methodist na Hiroshima
Ina cikin wata unguwa ta yamma lokacin da bam din ya tashi
Kamar takardar hasken rana.
Tsoro ga matata da iyalina
Na koma cikin birni a guje
Inda na ga daruruwa da daruruwan gudu
Kowannensu ya ji rauni ta wata hanya.
Girar wasu sun kone
Fatar ta rataye daga fuskokinsu da hannayensu
Wasu suna ta amai suna tafiya
A kan wasu tsirara konewar sun yi alamu
Na siffofin furanni canjawa wuri
Daga kimonosu zuwa fatar mutum.
Kusan duk sun sunkuyar da kansu
Kallon gaba yayi, shiru
Kuma bai nuna komai ba.
A karkashin gidaje da yawa na ji mutanen da suka makale suna kururuwa
Kukan neman taimako amma babu mai taimako
Kuma wutar tana zuwa.
Na zo wurin wata budurwa rike da jaririnta da ya mutu
Wacce ta roke ni na nemo mijinta
Don haka ya iya ganin jaririn a karo na ƙarshe.
Ba abin da zan iya yi sai barkwanci da ita.
Da gangan na ci karo da matata
Ita da yaronmu duka suna raye kuma cikin koshin lafiya.
Kwanaki na kwashe ruwa da abinci ga wadanda suka jikkata da wadanda suka mutu.
Na ba su uzuri: "Ku gafarta mini," na ce, "don rashin raba nauyin ku."
Ni ne Reverend Kiyoshi Tanimoto
Limamin cocin Methodist na Hiroshima
Ina cikin wata unguwa ta yamma lokacin da bam din ya tashi
Kamar takardar hasken rana.
Littattafan David Swanson sun hada da "Yakin Yaqi ne." Ya yi blogs a http://davidswanson.org da kuma http://warisacrime.org kuma yana aiki ga ƙungiyar gwagwarmaya ta kan layi http://rootsaction.org. Yana hawan Radio Nation Nation. Bi shi akan Twitter: @davidcnswanson da kuma FaceBook.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi