'Yan siyasa suna son mayar da hannun agogo baya shekaru 50 ta hanyar tauye haƙƙin ciniki na miliyoyin ma'aikatan gwamnati. Ƙungiyoyin za su yi kyau su waiwaya, suma, ga babban yajin aikin ma'aikatan gwamnati na shekarun 1960.
Ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi na yau, na gwamnati da masu zaman kansu, suna da abubuwa da yawa da za su koya daga wannan lokacin da ba a tattauna ba a tarihin ma'aikata. Ga darussa guda bakwai:
Yajin aiki. Shigar da 1960s, ƙungiyoyin ma'aikatan gwamnati sun kasance masu rauni, suna shiga cikin "barace gama gari" maimakon "sannukan gamayya."
Amma sai ma'aikatan jama'a suka tashi a cikin ɗayan manyan abubuwan haɓakawa a tarihin ƙwadago na Amurka. Ma'aikatan gwamnati sun yi tattaki a taron hukumar makarantu. Sun gudanar da tafiyar hawainiya. Kuma sun buge, da ɗaruruwan dubbai cikin shekaru ashirin masu zuwa, don samun amincewar ƙungiyar.
Ƙungiyoyin kare hakkin jama'a sun ƙarfafa yajin aikin ma'aikatan tsafta a duk faɗin Kudu. Malamai a Florida da Utah sun janye yawo a fadin jihar. Ma'aikatan gidan waya sun kai hari a duk fadin kasar, a wani katon daji da aka gudanar ba tare da fatan shugabannin kungiyar ba. 'Yan sanda da ma'aikatan kashe gobara sun yi kwangilar "mura shuɗi" da "jajayen rashes" don neman abin da ma'aikatan kamfanoni masu zaman kansu suka rigaya suke da shi: 'yancin yin ciniki.
Wannan guguwar ta'addanci ta sami nasara duka kwangila da canje-canje a cikin dokar aiki. Kuma a cikin wannan tsari, membobin ƙungiyar ma'aikatan gwamnati sun haura daga 400,000 a ƙarshen 1950 zuwa miliyan 4 a tsakiyar 1970s.
Yajin aiki, ba za a iya faɗi ba, ya haifar da ƙungiyoyin ma'aikatan jama'a.
Ikon Misali. Kamar yadda masu fafutuka a yau suke kallon yajin aikin Malaman Chicago na 2012 don samun kwarin guiwa, malamai a wancan lokaci suna kallon yajin aikin kwana guda a makarantun birnin New York, a shekara ta 1960. A cewar wani masani, wannan yajin aikin guda ɗaya, ba wai kawai ya ingiza ƙungiyar malamai ba. a jihar New York amma kuma ya zama “magudanar ruwa ga yajin aikin malamai a karni na ashirin.”
Malamai a duk faɗin ƙasar sun bi sawun da 'yan New York suka yi kuma suka buge don amincewa da ƙungiyar, su ma. A cikin 1968 malamai sun buge sau 112 - sama da sifili shekaru goma da suka gabata.
Tabbas, ba kowace gwagwarmayar gida ce za ta kunna wuta ba. The Jamhuriyyar Windows factory takeover a 2008 bai haifar da kwararar ayyukan shuka ba. Amma ba mu taɓa sanin inda wata gwagwarmaya za ta iya kaiwa da kuma yadda za ta ba wa wasu gaba gaɗin yin aiki ba.
YIN KARYA
Kada Ka Bar Dokokin Danniya Su Tsaya Ka. A yau muna fuskantar takunkumin doka da aka gina musamman don tilasta ƙungiyoyi don yaƙar ƙananan yaƙe-yaƙe marasa ma'ana. Yajin aikin ma'aikatan gwamnati haramun ne a yawancin jihohi. Ana iya maye gurbin masu yajin aikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da scabs.
A taƙaice, ƙa'idodin suna damfara. Gano yadda za a rabu da waɗannan ƙa'idodin wajibi ne a aikace.
Har zuwa ƙarshen 1960s, yajin aikin ma'aikatan gwamnati ba bisa ƙa'ida ba ne a kowane yanki a Amurka Amma duk da haka lokacin da ra'ayin ya riƙe kuma mahallin ya yi daidai, dubban daruruwan ma'aikatan gwamnati sun buge ta wata hanya, suna keta dokokin jiha da umarnin kotu. Kuma gabaɗaya sun ci nasara - samun karɓuwa da kwangiloli masu kyau, da tilastawa 'yan majalisa su gyara dokokin jihar don ba da izinin cinikin ma'aikatan gwamnati.
Ko da yake yajin aikin ya kasance ba bisa ka'ida ba a cikin gungun ƙungiyoyin New York, Ohio, da Illinois, matakan yajin aikin sun yi yawa a cikin shekarun 70s. A gaskiya ma, wani bincike da aka yi a shekara ta 1970 zuwa 1981 ya gano cewa “kashi 70 cikin XNUMX na jihohin da suka fi yajin aiki su ne waɗanda yajin aikin ba su da doka.”
Lokacin da aka daure shugaban kungiyarsu a lokacin wani yajin aikin 1973, malamai masu yajin aiki a Evergreen, Washington, sun yi layi da buroshin hakori a hannu suna neman a daure su ma. Alkalin da ya yi kaca-kaca da shi ya ja da baya kuma a lokacin da gundumar ta ki tattaunawa, sai ya yi barazanar daure hukumar makarantar a maimakon haka. Ƙungiyar ta sami kwangilar farko.
Lokacin da 'yan majalisa suka fahimci cewa dokokinsu ba su hana yajin aiki ba, a yawancin jihohi masu tsara manufofi sun halatta su, suna fatan za a iya sarrafa ayyukan.
Dimokuradiyya ta Tarayyar Turai. Wasu sun ce ƙwadago na iya fuskantar manyan kamfanoni kawai ta hanyar gina ƙungiyoyin mega-ƙungiya masu tsattsauran ra'ayi. Dimokuradiyyar Tarayyar, in ji su, abin alatu ne da ba za mu iya ba.
Amma tarihin aiki yana ba da tallafi kaɗan ga wannan shawarar. A cikin shekarun 1960, ma'aikatan gwamnati sun yi yaƙi don canza ƙungiyoyin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya zuwa injunan yaƙi. Membobin sun yi fafatawa a taron kungiyarsu don fitar da wasu sharuddan rashin yajin aiki daga cikin kundin tsarin mulkinsu.
Ma’aikatan gwamnati sun yi tururuwa zuwa karin kungiyoyin ‘yan bindiga- suna tilasta wa wasu, kamar kungiyar ilimi ta kasa, su rungumi yajin aikin ko kuma su rasa membobi.
HAKKIN DAN ADAM
Ma'amala da yajin aiki a matsayin 'Yancin Dan Adam. Lokacin da ake muhawara kan dokar hana Taylor Law a shekara ta 1967, ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyi uku na birnin New York sun gudanar da taron jama'a a Madison Square Garden, kuma suka zartar da wani kuduri da ke cewa, "Babu wani, ko wata ƙungiyar 'yan majalisa ko jami'an gwamnati, da za ta iya karɓe mu daga hannunmu. 'yancin maza da mata masu 'yanci su bar ayyukanmu lokacin da suka ji bacin rai.
"Lokacin da wata ƙungiya daga cikin membobinmu suka yi baƙin ciki, to, lalle za su buga."
Kungiyoyin ma'aikatan gwamnati sun yi watsi da hujjojin da ba su dace ba game da dalilin da ya sa ba za a bar ma'aikatan gwamnati su shiga yajin aikin ba. Fiye da haka, ba su yarda cewa ’yan majalisa ko kotuna suna da ikon yanke wannan shawarar ba; yajin aiki hakkin dan Adam ne wanda alkalai ko ’yan siyasa ba za su iya kwacewa ba.
Amma 'yan kaɗan a cikin aiki a yau suna magana game da yajin aiki a matsayin babban hakki. Madadin haka, muna duban abubuwan da ake amfani da su ne kawai: ko yajin aikin zai yiwu nan da nan. Idan ba haka ba, mukan manta da ƙa'idar, kuma mu yarda da haƙƙin mu na yajin aiki da 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da al'ummomin farko suka ƙi yarda.
Gina Ƙungiyoyin Al'umma. A ƙarshen 60s da farkon 70s, ƙwararrun ma'aikatan jama'a na iya zana abokan haɗin gwiwa a cikin ƙungiyoyin 'yancin ɗan adam, kamar yadda Memphis na 1968 da 1969 suka yi yajin tsaftar Charleston.
Ƙungiyoyin jama'a sun haɗa kai da ƙungiyoyin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu masu ƙarfi. Za su iya neman daidaito da albashi da fansho da takwarorinsu na kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke yi.
Amma tare da raguwar ƙungiyoyi na 60s da yanayin tsararru da suka taimaka wajen ingantawa, yajin aikin ma'aikatan jama'a ya zama mai wuyar samun nasara. A tsawon lokaci, yayin da ƙungiyoyin ma'aikatan gwamnati suka ƙara samun nasara kuma ƙungiyoyin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu sun ragu, 'yan siyasa sun fara zanen masu yajin aikin gwamnati a matsayin masu hadama da biyan kuɗi.
Fahimtar tattalin arziki na yajin aikin ma'aikatan gwamnati ya zama mahimmanci don cin nasara. Yayin da yajin aikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ke da nufin sanya matsin lamba a kan ma’aikacin ta hanyar hana shi kudaden shiga, manufar yajin aikin ma’aikatan ita ce matsin lamba na siyasa.
Nasarar yajin aikin ma'aikatan gwamnati, sannan da kuma yanzu, ya dogara ne da ikon ƙungiyar don tsara batutuwan, samun goyon bayan al'umma, da kuma yin matsin lamba na siyasa a kan masu tsara manufofi don daidaitawa.
Kar ka daina bege. Lokacin da muka kalli ƙaƙƙarfan dokokin aiki na yau, zai yi wahala mu ga yadda ake fita daga cikin akwatin. Amma babban darasi na shekarun 1960 shine cewa ma'aikatan gwamnati sun yi imani da kansu - kuma sun jajirce don cin nasara.
Joe Burns ne mai sasantawa / lauya a cikin masana'antar jirgin sama kuma marubucin Farfado da Yajin aikin. Tsohon ma'aikacin gwamnati ne kuma shugaban kungiyar kwadago. Sabon littafin sa shine Kokarin Komawa: Yin Amfani da Dabarun Tsageru na Ƙungiyoyin Ƙwaƙwalwa na baya don Sarrafa Ƙungiyar Jama'a a Yau (Yuni 2014). New Yorkers za su iya jin shi yana magana game da littafin Yuni 25 da karfe 7 na yamma a Littattafan Bluestockings.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi
1 Comment
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http://www.Flickr.com/photos/sanda-aronson-the-artist/
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http://www.wbai.org; Gine-gine Bridges yana ranar Litinin da daddare, 7-8PM Eastern Time kuma suna da nasu gidan yanar gizon. Gidan rediyo shine haɗin gwiwa har abada, kamar yadda ni.