Hagu na ilimi na iya zama mai daɗi da ba da labari. A wasu daga cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun sa, kuma yana iya zama kamar nisantar da jama'a da masu fafutuka.
Dauki fitaccen masanin tarihi na Biritaniya Perry Anderson's rabin- ko bayan-Marxist [1] makala kan halin da ake ciki na siyasar Amurka, mai taken "Ƙasar Gida." An buga Yunin da ya gabata a cikin editan Anderson Sabon bita na Hagu, babban sashin ilimi na Marxism a mafi kyawunsa, "Ƙasar Gida" yana kawo cikakkun bayanai na tarihi ga fagen siyasar Amurka. Tare da def withumen da kaya, Anderson da ke cikin gida a cikin "sigogi na hudu masu tsinkaya": (1) tsarin tara 'yan jari hujja "; (2) canjin “Sociology” da kididdigar alƙaluma na zaɓen Amurka; (3) "maye gurbin al'adu a cikin tsarin kima a cikin al'umma;" (4) “manufofin ’yan tsiraru masu fafutuka a wurin kada kuri’a na kowace jam’iyya.”[2]
Yadda Ƙananan Ma'auni suka Sauya
A nan ba zan iya yin cikakken bayani game da yadda Anderson - marubucin marubucin kididdigar ƙididdiga game da haɓakar ƴan ta'addar Turawa da 'yantacciyar ƙasa da sauran abubuwa da yawa - ya haɗa waɗannan "masu ƙima guda huɗu" tare don kawo mu ga zamanin Obama. Ina so, duk da haka, ina so in yi rajistar yarjejeniya mai karfi tare da nassi mai zuwa, wanda ke da kyau ya kama mahimman layi na kamfanoni na neoliberal da kuma masu alaka da soja da kuma ci gaba da zalunci tsakanin gwamnatocin Bush 43 da Obama 44 (wanda Anderson da wayo ya kira Amurka ta "farko kawai rabin-fararen fata). shugaban kasa)) - Layukan da manyan “masu iya iyaka” suka kafa a cikin karnin da ya gabata:
"Yaya kadan ma'auni na tsarin siyasa ya canza tare da komawa ga mulkin Demokiradiyya na Fadar White House ana iya gani ta hanyar ci gaba da ci gaba a cikin batutuwa na shugabannin Bush da Obama. Dukansu sarakunan, kamar Reagan a gabansu, sun ɗauki ofishin a cikin koma bayan tattalin arziki kuma sun amsa tare da rage haraji don lalata tattalin arzikin. Dukansu sun jagoranci matakai masu rauni don shawo kan wuce gona da iri. Dukansu sun ba da fa'idodin kula da lafiya don samun tallafin zamantakewa. Dukansu sun ƙara tallafin tarayya akan ilimi. Dukansu sun nemi sake fasalin shige da fice. Dukansu sun haɓaka kashe kuɗin soja, kuma sun hana 'yancin ɗan adam. Dukansu sun haɓaka kasawar. Babban bambance-bambancen ya ta'allaka ne a cikin girma da alkiblar biyan kuɗi na gefe kowane bambance-bambancen bangaranci ya yi, a cikin tsarin da aka tsara ta buƙatun haɗin gwiwa na amincewar kasuwanci da gamsar da masu jefa ƙuri'a, cikin yanayi na tabarbarewar tattalin arziki." (Anderson, “Ƙasar Gida,” sashe na 7)
Anderson ya yi daidai a lura cewa "wasu tarwatsewar kudaden tallafin tarayya, wanda galibi ke raguwa ta hanyar kwangilar kasafin kuɗi a matakin jiha, sun bar yawancin masu karɓar su sanyi." Ya lura sosai cewa sake fasalin lafiyar Obama shine "tsarin fa'idodin zamantakewa don musanyawa ga masana'antar kiwon lafiya masu zaman kansu" (babban inshora da kamfanonin magunguna). Ya yi talla da fa'ida da cewa "ya fi tsawaita Medicaid, amma wanda har yanzu zai bar Amurkawa kusan miliyan 30 ba su da inshora, sauran kuma cikin rudani a cikin tsarin da ya fi rikitarwa da rashin fahimta fiye da da - lissafin da ya zartar yana da tsawon shafuka 900. ”
Anderson ya lura da kyau cewa canje-canjen haraji na Obama ya bar tsarin fitar da kayayyaki na kasar ya koma baya sosai. Ya mutu a kan dama ya lura cewa rikodin Obama ba shi da alaƙa da Sabuwar yarjejeniya ta Franklin Roosevelt fiye da abin da ya yi laƙabi da mafi dacewa "kwatanta… . (Anderson, na biyu na 7)
Identity Over Class
Wannan duk abin ban tsoro ne kuma an faɗi sosai. Don haka ne ƙarshen Anderson ya ce canjin alƙaluma a cikin masu zaɓe (raguwar kashi na tsofaffin masu jefa ƙuri'a na Kirista masu aure da hauhawar hannun jari na matasa, tsiraru, mata, luwaɗi, marasa aure, da masu jefa ƙuri'a waɗanda ba su yi Ikklisiya ba) da alaƙar al'adun “lalata” sun canza. ("masu jituwa, ba shakka, tare da kowane nau'i na daidaitawar kasuwa" - sec.6)) kamar raguwar aure da halartar coci da karuwar mata a cikin sana'o'i suna ba da damar 'yan Democrat ci gaba da rike shugabancin. A lokaci guda kuma, Anderson ya lura da kyau cewa cin zarafin kasuwancin da ya dace na Jam'iyyar Republican ya haɗu da "tuɓar kuɗaɗen [kamfanoni da na kuɗi]" da 100,000s zuwa $1970 miliyan ta 1.5 – sec.2002) da kuma ci gaba da "rikitarwa" a cikin gwamnatin tarawa don nufin cewa "na yanzu neoliberal [US] oda ya zama siyasa babu-man's ƙasar a cikin abin da Organic dabara na mulki [Roosevelt ta Sabuwar yarjejeniyar ko juyin juya halin 'kasuwar 'yanci' na Reagan] yanzu yana kan gani. " (Anderson, s.10)
Anderson ya yi daidai a lura cewa ci gaban siyasar Amurka a cikin dogon lokacin neoliberal ya ga "maye gurbin abin da ya kasance wani abu kamar siyasa mai daraja tare da abin da ke kusa da siyasar ainihi a matsayin tushen haɗin gwiwar kafa da tattara zaɓe" (sek. 6) a Amurka. Riƙe wannan siyasar ainihi (nanata kabilanci, kabilanci, jinsi, yanayin jima'i, da al'adu a kan aji) a cikin Age of Obama (kuma a cikin gwamnatin Hillary Clinton) ba tare da damuwa ba, domin, kamar yadda Anderson ya lura, "Karƙashin Obama, [Amurka ta riga stupendous aji] rashin daidaito ya ci gaba da girma" (sec.8) - zuwa gaske batsa matakan.
"Mass Apathy"
Duk waɗannan da ƙari a cikin makalar Anderson kaɗai ya yi a watan Yunin da ya gabata NLR kusan darajan farashin tashar labarai. Da yake magana game da nishadi, Anderson yana son masu karatu su san cewa ya san ba kawai ƙarin harsunan ba, amma ƙarin kalmomin Ingilishi kuma. Kullum yana aika masu karatu zuwa ƙamus don su koyi sababbin kalmomi. "Ƙasar Gida" ba ta ci nasara ba, ta juya ni Webster's don gogewa akan "regalian," "scansions," da "palimpsest" yayin koyo a karon farko na "lalata" da "dumbrate."
Matsalar binciken Anderson ta zo ne da yanayin sanyin da ya ɗauka kan yawancin ma'aikata da ke zaune a ƙarƙashin ruɓaɓɓen tsarin siyasa na Amurka, wanda ya tsara ta abin da ya kira "duniya mai akidar jari-hujja - sararin tunani wanda a cikinsa tsarkin Dukiyoyi masu zaman kansu da fifikon kasuwancin masu zaman kansu gaskiya ne da duk wani karfi da ke fagen siyasa ke daukar nauyinsa.” (sec.9) A bayyane yake Anderson bai ji daɗin ɗan ƙasar Amurka ba. "Har yanzu," in ji shi, "ba a sami 'yar zanga-zangar jama'a ba." Ƙari:
“Kokarin tada shi, kungiyar Occupy, ya kasa kunna wani martani ga jama’a. Ko da a lokacin da takensa ya kasance - duk cikin sauƙi - an saukar da su zuwa farantin kwanon rufi na Shugaban ƙasa, har yanzu suna da iyakataccen ɗaukar hoto. Kamfen da ke nuna girman kai da girman kai na masu hannu da shuni, wanda abokin hamayyarsa hamshakin attajirin ya bayyana, ya sanya Obama kan karagar mulki. Amma hakan bai sa wani farin jini ya tashi ba. Kadan ya damu da jefa ƙuri'a fiye da na 2008; wanda ke kan karagar mulki ya yi asarar magoya bayansa kimanin miliyan hudu; abokin gaba ya samu rabin miliyan. Kamar magabatansa, Shugaban ya koma fadar White House tare da amincewar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na yawan balagaggu. Babban yanayin yana ci gaba da kasancewa ba fushi ba, ko sha'awa; ya kasance shiru ba a siyasance ba…. Wannan kawai muhallin da ke ƙasa na rashin jin daɗin jama'a shi ne abin da ke ba wa ’yan tsiraru masu aiki damar samun iko a tsarin siyasa fiye da adadinsu. Rarraba ra'ayoyin da ake yi akai-akai a kai a kai don zama mafi girman abin da ya faru shine lamarinsu. A cikin ɓacin rai da mutane da yawa suka ƙirƙira - marasa tsari, ƴan ƙasa da ba su da ƙarfi da ke warwatse a cikin babban nahiya - sha'awar ƴan kaɗan, waɗanda ke da nufin yin taro, suna ɗaukar ƙarfi na musamman, waɗanda ke kewaye da su ba su shafa ba. ” (daidaita sashe na 8 da na 9, an ƙara ƙarfafawa).
Zanga-zangar Bayan Mamaya, 2009 zuwa Gaba
Ba ni da wuya in yi jayayya cewa adawa da mulkin kama-karyar kuɗi na al'ummar da ba a zaɓa ba ya ci gaba sosai - ƙasa da inda ya kamata ya kasance daga hangen nesa na hagu - a Amurka a yau. Idan da ina da 'yan ta'adda na, Amurka a yau za ta zama kaskon tashin hankali na 'yan jari-hujja da taron jama'a a kan gab da fara yajin aikin gama-gari na neman sauyi. Wannan ba shakka yayi nisa da gaskiyar Amurka ta yanzu. Har yanzu, Occupy ba shine kawai ƙoƙari na tayar da zanga-zangar Amurka da aka yi a cikin shekarun Obama ba. Barin gefen dama, fashewar "Tea Party" na kamfanoni na 2009 da 2010 - Astroturf, fake-grassroots pseudo-movement[3] Wannan (duk da haka) ya kama wani ɗan ƙaramin fushi na gaske - masu fafutuka masu ci gaba waɗanda ke da alaƙa da Jam'iyyar Ma'aikata ta Connecticut sun nuna rashin amincewarsu da kari na Wall Street da bailouts a gidajen shugabannin Kamfanin Inshorar Amurka (AIG) da kuma ofishin AIG a Connecticut a cikin Maris na 2009 .[4] A waccan shekarar ne aka samu bullar manyan dalibai da malamai masu zanga-zangar adawa da rage kasafin kudi da karin kudin koyarwa a fadin tsarin Jami'ar California. A Time aika daga California a cikin Maris na 2009 ya haɗa da wasu rahotanni masu ban mamaki daga Perry Amakarantar nderson na UCLA:
'A yayin zanga-zangar kwanaki biyu a UCLA, inda shugabannin jam'iyyar UC suka yi taro don kada kuri'a kan karin kudin, kimanin dalibai 2,000 daga tsarin jami'a 10 sun fuskanci 'yan sandan kwantar da tarzoma, suna rera taken tare da hana fita daga ginin. Kamar yanayin da aka yi a cikin 1960s na fushi, ɗalibai sun yi ta ƙetare shingaye kuma sun ɗan kama wani gini kusa da babban ɗakin karatu; 'Yan sanda sun yi amfani da bindigogin tasar kan masu zanga-zangar da dama, tare da kama kusan mutane 20. A duk tsawon lokacin, jirage masu saukar ungulu na 'yan sanda suna shawagi a sama, manyan motocin TV dauke da manyan eriya a shirye su kuma dalibai suna buga ganguna da kade-kade.'
“A wani yajin zaman da ya hana ababen hawa fita, shugaban daliban UCLA, Michael Hawley, ya yi magana ta bakin sa, “Muna son wani sarki ya fito ya yi mana magana kan dalilin da ya sa kasar da ta fi kowacce arziki a duniya za ta hana wasu dalibai karatun sakandare a kwata mai zuwa. ." ‘Yan sanda sun mayar da martani ta hanyar shaida wa masu zanga-zangar cewa suna da mintuna uku su tafi kafin a kama su. Sa'an nan kuma, suna kafa shinge mai tashi, 'yan sanda sun jagoranci wasu gungun masu mulki zuwa wani gini.'
"Da yake jawabi ga dalibai 100 da suka tare titin garejin da 'yan sanda takwas suka kare tare da kungiyoyin billy, UCLA Sophomore Chiemela Okwandu ya shaida wa taron cewa, "Wannan jami'armu ce. Za mu iya kwana a nan idan muna so." , Dalibai a UC Davis, UC Berkeley da UC Santa Cruz sun mamaye gine-gine don nuna rashin jin daɗin karin kuɗin. A UC Davis, an kama fiye da mutane 50 a ranar Alhamis bisa zarginsu da laifin kin barin Mrak Hall. A UC Berkeley, dalibai sun karbe iko da hawa na biyu na Wheeler Hall ranar Juma'a kafin 'yan sandan harabar jami'ar sun kama dalibai uku kuma a UC Santa Cruz masu zanga-zangar sun mamaye wani gini tare da ba da jerin bukatu ga hukumomin jami'ar.'[5]
A cikin Afrilu na shekara mai zuwa, CNN ta ba da rahoton dubban masu zanga-zangar da AFL-CIO suka shirya "sun yi taro a cikin birnin New York Alhamis don nuna fushinsu game da abin da suka fahimta a matsayin rawar Wall Street da manyan bankunan suka taka a cikin rikicin tattalin arzikin Amurka. Tafiya daga Hall Hall zuwa Wall Street, masu zanga-zangar sun rera "ayyuka masu kyau ga kowa," kuma suna rike da alamun da ke dauke da sakonnin da suka hada da' Rike Bankuna, 'Yi Biyan Wall Street Pay,' da 'Reclaim America'."[6]
Gobarar gobarar mako-mako mai ban mamaki da ƙirƙira, babbar zanga-zangar neman ƙwazo (ciki har da mamaye ginin babban birnin jihar) akan manufofin ƙungiyar tarayya da kuma ajandar kuɗaɗen gwamnan Teapublican na Wisconsin Scott Walker ya kama na ƙasa Hankalin duniya a cikin Fabrairu da Maris na 2011. Rikicin Wisconsin ya tattara magoya bayan baƙi daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Ya bazu zuwa manyan jihohi a Indiana, Ohio, da Michigan.[7] "Madison" ya taimaka wa Bloombergville, wani sansanin da aka kafa don nuna rashin amincewa da kasafin kudi a birnin New York wanda ya ba da wata gada tsakanin gwagwarmayar Wisconsin da Occupy Wall Street.[8]
A kan hanyar mun kuma ga: haɓakar ƙungiyoyin ƙasa baki ɗaya na adawa da rufe makarantun neoliberal marasa ma'ana da kuma abubuwan da ke da alaƙa "mafi girma" na makarantun gwamnati.[9]; nasarar yajin aikin ’yan sanda[10]; gagarumin fitowar masu fafutuka da masu fafutuka don adawa da mulkin soja na soja da kuma dunkulewar duniya baki daya a taron hadakar NATO da G8 (duk da nuna ban mamaki na babban karfin danniya da fasahar zamani ta hanyar soja, da 'yan sanda da yawa na kasa da na gida da kuma jiharsa). Masu zaman kansu / abokan tsaro na kamfanoni) a Chicago (Obama dole ne ya motsa taro na biyu zuwa Camp David saboda tsoron tsoronsa na zanga-zangar zanga-zanga a watan Mayu na 2012)[11]; Ƙungiya ta ƙasa don adawa da rufe bankuna na ƙananan gidaje da masu aiki.12]; manyan zanga-zangar (da suka shafi dubun-dubatar masu zanga-zanga a fadin kasar, ciki har da masu zanga-zangar 50,000 a Los Angeles kadai, a ranar 1 ga Mayu, 2010) don nuna adawa da Dokar Majalisar Dattijai ta 1070 na Arizona.[13]; babban adadin zanga-zangar adawa da ƙananan nauyin haraji mara kyau da kuma sauran kariyar da manyan bankuna da kamfanoni kamar Well Fargo da General Electric ke morewa a cikin yankuna da yawa a farkon 2011.[14]; zanga-zangar adawa da zaluncin 'yan sanda da kuma nuna bambancin launin fata a California (ciki har da tarzoma a Anaheim bayan harbin 'yan sanda na matasan Latino a bara.15]) da Birnin New York (wurin da aka yi wani babban gangamin shiru na adawa da manufar wariyar launin fata ta "tsayawa da ta'addanci" a cikin bazara na 2012[16]; “Harfafa motsi na mutanen da ke magana da tsayawa don nuna adawa da amfani da jirage marasa matuka da Amurka ta yi a Afirka, Gabas ta Tsakiya da Asiya, da kuma gida a Amurka”[17]; aikin fursuna da yunwa a Jojiya [18] da California [19]; manyan zanga-zanga da zanga-zangar adawa da kisan wariyar launin fata da aka yi wa Trayvon Martin da kuma hukuncin alkali da ya wanke wanda ya kashe Martin.[20]; da gagarumin zanga-zanga game da sauyin yanayi da kuma eco-cidal Keystone XL Pipeline, gami da wani maci mai girma (50,000) a Fadar White House a watan Maris da ya gabata.[21]
Mun ga "fitowar CORE [ƙarshen nasara mai ci gaba a cikin ƙungiyar malamai ta Chicago - CTU] da kuma ƙara yawan masu fafutuka na CTU wajen yaƙi da ƙulla makarantu, masu zaman kansu da kuma austerity ya haifar da sabon haɗin gwiwa tsakanin al'umma. wanda ya ba da ƙarin alkawura fiye da duk abin da muka gani a wannan garin cikin shekaru da yawa” (mai fafutukar Chicago Richard Reilly). A kaka da ta gabata, a jajibirin zaben shugaban kasa, jam'iyyar CTU mai ci gaba ta yi amfani da karfin ikon poplar da ta samu ta hanyar wadannan kawance don samun gagarumin rangwame daga magajin gari na Neoliberal kuma tsohon shugaban ma'aikatan Obama Rahm Emmanuel. Yajin aikin malamai na Chicago na 2012 ya mayar da hankali ga gagarumin digiri a kan yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙwararrun 'yan kasuwa don ciyar da daidaitattun gwaji "ƙware da rawar jiki" a matsayin babban ma'auni na tantance malamai, ɗalibai, makarantu da ilimi gabaɗaya.[22]
A cikin shekaru uku da suka gabata, daruruwan ma'aikata a wata katafariyar katafariyar kantin sayar da kayayyaki ta Wall-Mart sun gudanar da yajin aikin kwana guda, ciki har da na bara a ranar Juma'ar Black Friday, ranar cefane mafi girma a shekara. [23] A zanga-zangar da aka gudanar a biranen Amurka 15 makonni biyu da suka gabata, ma'aikaci da masu fafutuka da ke da alaƙa da Wal-Mart ɗinmu sun yi alƙawarin yin yajin aikin mafi girma da aka taɓa yi wa Wal-Mart a ranar Juma'a ta Baƙar fata (washe bayan Thanksgiving) a wannan shekara.[24] Har ila yau, tun kafin a buga rubutun Anderson kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa lokacin rani na 2013, "Yaƙin 15" ya fito, tare da dubban dubban kayan abinci masu sauri da masu sayar da kayayyaki a wannan lokacin rani suna neman a ninka mafi ƙarancin albashin su, wanda ke da kyau a kasa da diyya. [25] Dubban ma'aikatan abinci cikin sauri sun shiga cikin balaguron balaguron balaguro na kasa baki daya a matsayin wani bangare na ci gaban ci gaban kasa wanda ya samu kuzari daga misalin Occupy As. New York Times Wakilin ma'aikata Steven Greenhouse ya lura bayan irin wannan tafiya a watan Yulin da ya gabata:
"Daga New York zuwa wasu biranen Midwestern da dama, dubban ma'aikatan abinci masu sauri sun gudanar da yajin aiki na kwana daya a lokacin cin abinci mafi girma, da sauri jawo hankalin al'ummar kasa game da bukatunsu na karin albashi .... Abin da ya fara a Manhattan watanni takwas da suka wuce ya fara yada zuwa Chicago. da Washington kuma wannan makon ya bugi St. Louis, Kansas City, Detroit da Flint, Mich. A ranar Laraba kadai, ma'aikata sun tsinci gidajen cin abinci na McDonald's, Taco Bell, Popeye's da Long John Silver's gidajen cin abinci a cikin waɗannan biranen da ke da kyakkyawan manufa: biya $ 15 a awa daya. , sau biyu abin da mutane da yawa ke samu yanzu….Wadannan yajin aiki… suna ɗaukar daɗin zanga-zangar Occupy Wall Street kuma sun bambanta da ƙoƙarin haɗin gwiwar al'adun gargajiya waɗanda galibi ke mai da hankali kan wurin aiki guda ɗaya…[tunda] suna nufin… don tara ma'aikata - gaba ɗaya - birane da yawa a ɗaruruwan gidajen abinci daga sarƙoƙi dozin biyu.”[26]
Mai fafutukar samar da abinci a birnin New York, Jonathan Westin shi ma yana ganin akwai alaka da Motsin Mamaya. Yana gaya wa Guardian cewa "Mamamaki ya taimaka wajen tayar da batun rashin daidaito kuma ya zaburar da duk wani yunkuri na zanga-zangar. Amma wannan hanya ce ta daukar matakai kai tsaye. Muna daukar wadannan yajin aiki a duk fadin kasar. Dole ne mutane su fito kan tituna don a ji su. Abin da ke faruwa kenan. muna gani kuma shi ya sa hakan ke tafiya a fadin kasar nan."[27]
Kuma a halin yanzu, a karshen watan Agusta da farkon Satumba, Obama ya fuskanci adawar mafi yawan jama'a game da shirinsa - a halin yanzu - na kai hari ga Siriya da makamai masu linzami da bama-bamai. Miliyoyin Amurkawa hagu, dama, da kuma tsakiya sun tuntubi wakilan majalisarsu da fadar White House don bayyana rashin amincewarsu da yaki. Wani sabon yunkuri na yaki da yaki ya taso a matsayin martani ga sabon bugun kirjin da shugaban kasar ya yi.[28] Dan majalisa mai sassaucin ra'ayi Alan Grayson (D-FL) kwanan nan kuma a zahiri ya kira dakatar da shiga tsakani na sojan Amurka na wucin gadi a Siriya babbar nasara ga yunkurin zaman lafiya tun karshen yakin Vietnam.[29]
Bakon Tarihi da Sharewa
Amma koma mallake kanta. Shin da gaske ne “ya kasa kunna martanin taro”? Anderson ya tunkari tambayar mahimmancin Occupy tare da wani ɗan gajeren lokaci mai lahani. Bayan da'awar cewa Occupy bai haifar da wani tashin hankali ba, ya ga yana sha'awar cewa Obama ya ba da wasu sanannun kalmominsa a cikin yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa da aka yi wa Mitt "Mr. 1%" Romney ya kawo ƴan shahararru masu ɗaukar takensa kuma "ba a sanya wani babban tashin hankali ba." Ya kuma ambaci karancin fitowar masu kada kuri’a a zaben shugaban kasa na 2012 a matsayin alamar nuna rashin jin dadin jama’a.
Wannan bakon tarihin tarihi ya bar wasu abubuwa na asali guda biyu. Na farko, ya tsallake dubun dubatan ƴan ƙasa da masu fafutuka waɗanda suka kafa sansani masu tausayawa da kwaikwayi a cikin ɗimbin garuruwa da biranen Amurka da zarar labarin ya bayyana game da nasarar da masu fafutuka suka yi na mamaye dajin Zucotti. Kamar yadda mai sharhi baƙar fata Glen Ford ya lura a farkon Oktoba na 2011, "Kamar Andromeda Strain na siyasa, abin da ya faru na anti-Wall Street ya sake maimaita kansa a wurare dubu, wani tsari na gwagwarmayar hagu mai kama da sabon taswirar sabis na wayar salula mai nasara. ; kowa da alama, mai yuwuwa, yana da alaƙa.”[30]
Na biyu, Anderson ya yi sha'awar share sau da yawa mummunan zalunci na Occupy wanda ya riga ya maye gurbinsa ta hanyar zuwan manyan jam'iyyar-babban kudi-dan takara-tsakiyar da kuma "keɓaɓɓen zaɓe na shekara huɗu" (Noam Chomsky)[31]) a matsayin babban labarin watsa labarai na kasar a karshen shekarar 2011. Ba a bayyana yadda Occupy zai iya ci gaba ba amma ga tsarin danniya da 'yan sanda na tarayya ya fuskanta a fadin kasar, wanda ba karamin aiki na tarayya ba.[32] Hukumomin Jihohi sun yi amfani da dabarun “umarni da sarrafawa” da yawa a yanzu don sarrafa tare da kawar da masu zanga-zangar adawa da mulkin mallaka: “kame jama’a akai-akai, sa ido, yin amfani da shinge da shinge, da kutsawa” Kamar yadda masanin tattalin arziki na ci gaba Jeff Madrick ya lura. in Harper ta a farkon wannan shekara, rubuta kawai na babin birnin New York:
"Ya ƙara fitowa fili cewa OWS ba ta daɗe ba saboda manufofinta sun lalace ko kuma maganarta ba ta da tushe ko kuma ƙungiyar ta ta rikice. A haƙiƙa, ƙoƙarin gwamnati na haɗin gwiwa [masu yawa] ya warware wannan motsi….An haɗa tare, haɗin kai da ayyukan rashin daidaituwa na NYPD, FBI, da Tsaron cikin gida suna wakiltar yaƙin neman zaɓe ba tare da wanda Occupy zai iya yin kyau ba. sun rikide zuwa wani abu mai ban tsoro, har ma a cikin sanyin hunturu na birnin New York.[33]
A zahiri, akwai dalilai da yawa na faɗuwar Occupy, gami da matsaloli a cikin Occupy. Duk da haka, ƙwararren ɗan jaridar Amurka kuma marubuci Chris Hedges ya yi daidai ya lura “kowane irin laifuffukan cikin gida na ƙungiyar mamaya - kuma suna can - an lalata ƙungiyar mamaya. ’Yan Occupy sun mamaye jihar sosai kuma ta kuduri aniyar ba za ta bari wani motsi ya sake tashi ba.”[34] Kuma abin da ke gaskiya a cikin birnin New York ya dace da, kuma gaskiya dangane da, abin da ya faru a duk faɗin ƙasar.
Girke-girke na Anderson guda biyu suna da alaƙa sosai: me yasa hukumomin gwamnati za su ji an tilasta musu murkushe gungun jama'a da suka gaza kunna duk wani tallafi da martani?
Har ila yau, sanannen mahimmancin Occupy ba a auna shi da adadin mutanen da suka shiga ko kuma suka ziyarci sansanonin ta da kuma majalisu. Madrick ya lura cewa motsin Occupy "ya cimma babban manufarsa: don wayar da kan jama'a game da rashin adalci na rashin daidaito a cikin wannan al'umma. "Mu ne kashi 99 cikin 1960" za mu kasance tare da mu a matsayin taken siyasa kowane dan lokaci kamar yadda 'Jahannama a'a, ba za mu tafi ba' na daftarin masu zanga-zangar na shekarun XNUMX. Bugu da ƙari, "ƙasassun na Occupy suna ci gaba da aiki a wurare da yawa" - tsayayya da ƙetare, suna ƙalubalantar kotun koli ta plutocratic. Jama'a United hukunci, da bayar da agaji ga wadanda guguwar Sandy ta shafa ("Occupy Sandy"), da dai sauransu.[35]
Wani mahimmin abin da ya ɓace daga binciken Anderson shine duk wani ma'ana mai ma'ana na bambance-bambance da haƙiƙa rikice-rikice tsakanin ƙungiyoyin jama'a a gefe guda da siyasar zaɓen Amurka a daya bangaren. Me yasa Anderson ya ɓoye ko ya ji takaici saboda gazawar da Obama ya samu na (wasu daga cikin) maganganun Occupy don "gayyace tashe-tashen hankula"? Daidai da doguwar dangantakar dake tsakanin matsayi da ƙungiyoyin jama'a da Jam'iyyar Demokraɗiyya a tarihin Amurka[36], Batun bayyani na nufin daidaitawa, kamawa, da kuma kawar da zanga-zangar jama'a - wato, sanya fushin jama'a cikin kunkuntar zabin da manyan jam'iyyun Amurka da tsarin zaɓen Amurka ke gudanarwa. [37] cewa Anderson daidai (a ganina) ya ƙi.
Ba sabon abu ba ne. Misali mai haske na wannan tsarin hanyar sadarwa shine hanyar da ba a iya fuskantar ta ba wanda ma'aikata da sauran jiga-jigan Demokradiyya suka wargaza matsayi kuma suka shigar da gwagwarmayar Wisconsin a matsayin yunkuri na zamantakewa, suna mai da babbar zanga-zangar da aka yi a farkon 2011 zuwa wani kokarin zaben da ba a yi nasara ba don tunawa da Scott Scott. Walker kuma ya maye gurbinsa a ofishin gwamna tare da dan jam'iyyar Democrat (Tommy Barrett). Manufar yakin neman sake zaben Obama na yunkurin hada baki da taken Occupy ("1%" v. "kashi 99%) a cikin kaka da hunturu na 2011 da 2012 shine a cire wa] annan taken daga kan tituna da kuma sanya su. zuwa gare su su yi aikin populist na bogi a cikin "almubazzaranci na shekaru huɗu" na gaba, ba don yin zanga-zangar ba. Yawan rabe-rabe ya biyo bayan murkushewar jihohi, ciki har da gwamnatin tarayya (gwamnatin Obama) na murkushe zanga-zangar. Ba a sami irin wannan zalunci ba a cikin Wisconsin, inda, abin baƙin ciki, masu zanga-zangar sun bi “shugabannin” masu sassaucin ra'ayi zuwa ga mantawa da zaɓe.[38]
Amma game da ƙarancin shigar masu jefa ƙuri'a na Amurka a zaɓen 2012, me yasa ko ta yaya yake tabbacin rashin zanga-zanga ko fushi a Amurka? "Ƙasar Gida" ta ba da rarrabuwar kawuna na (a tsakanin wasu abubuwa) yadda zaɓen ke da matukar raɗaɗi tsakanin manyan ƙungiyoyin siyasa na Amurka biyu masu sassaucin ra'ayi da 'yan takararsu na jam'iyyar. Anderson da alama yana da masaniya sosai cewa da'awar Obama na wakiltar kashi 99% kuma a kan kashi 1% shine babban kamfen ɗin yaƙin neman zaɓe, daidai da bayanin tsohon tsohon Christopher Hitchens na '' ainihin siyasar Amurka' a matsayin "maguɗi na populism ta elitism."[39] Me ya sa Anderson ke ganin gazawar Ba'amurke na zaɓe ga Brand Obama mai ci gaba na bogi a 2012 a matsayin alamar rashin jin daɗi da jin daɗinsu? Na san fiye da ƴan Amirkawa waɗanda ke samun zaɓin da ake bayarwa daga kamfanoni- da Wall Street-masu ƴan takarar manyan jam'iyyar da suka yi ƙunci sosai don cancantar ƙuri'a. Suna yin rajistar wata zanga-zanga ta hanyar rashin jefa ƙuri'a ko ta hanyar jefa ƙuri'a ko na 'yan takara na uku ko na huɗu waɗanda ba a zaɓe a hukumance ba.
Amma da alama Anderson bai gamsu da yadda tsarin zaɓen Amurka ke da kura-kurai ba idan aka zo batun wakilcin ra'ayoyin 'yan ƙasa. A wani lokaci a cikin "Ƙasar Gida," Anderson ya danganta nasarar Bush 43 a zaɓen shugaban kasa na 2000 ga ikon yakin neman zaben Bush na kasancewa a gefen amintaccen ɗimbin jama'a na masu jefa ƙuri'a ta hanyar kiyaye "matsakaici cikin sauti" da kuma guje wa "ƙira ga kishin addini. .” Ta hanyar asusun Anderson, "kame masu jefa ƙuri'a masu zaman kansu, ba wai sun fito daga cikin waɗanda aka riga aka yi ba, ya ba shi Fadar White House." (Anderson, sec.5) Akwai wasu mahimmin gogewa a nan (!): Tsabtace kabilanci na kabilanci na rajistar masu jefa ƙuri'a da 'yan jam'iyyar Republican suka yi a Florida, masu jefa ƙuri'a masu alaƙa da ayyukan kashe ƙuri'a na Gwamnan Florida Jeb Bush da sauran jami'an Republican. a ko'ina cikin jihar, da kuma tsananin sanyi da shiga tsakani na Kotun Koli ta Amurka, wanda a ƙarshe kuma a zahiri "ya ba shi [Bush 43] Fadar White House." [39A]
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