Source: Declassified UK
Kungiyar ba da tallafi ga dimokuradiyya ta kasa (NED), wata kungiya ce mai zaman kanta da Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ke ba da tallafi, ta yi noman sama da fam miliyan 2.6 cikin kungiyoyin kafafen yada labarai masu zaman kansu guda bakwai na Burtaniya a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata.
An ƙirƙiri NED… don yin a bayyane abin da Hukumar Leken Asiri ta Tsakiya ta yi ta yaudara shekaru da yawa, New York Times ruwaito a shekara ta 1997. Hakan ya haɗa da kashe miliyoyin daloli don “taimakawa abubuwa kamar jam’iyyun siyasa, ƙungiyoyin ƙwadago, ƙungiyoyin masu adawa da kafofin watsa labaru a ƙasashe da dama.”
Tun daga ƙarshen yakin cacar baka, NED ta girma kuma ta shiga cikin ƙoƙarin ɓata ko cire gwamnatoci masu zaman kansu daga Washington, gami da na dimokiradiyya a cikin Bolivia, Ecuador da kuma Venezuela.
Allen Weinstein, da darektan na binciken binciken da ya haifar da ƙirƙirar NED a cikin 1980s, bayyana A cikin 1991: "Yawancin abubuwan da muke yi a yau an yi su ne a ɓoye shekaru 25 da suka gabata ta CIA."
NED ta al'ada ta mayar da hankali kan Gabashin Turai, Latin Amurka da Asiya. Amma Bayyana ta gano cewa kwanan nan kungiyar ta ba da tallafi ga kafafen yada labarai na Burtaniya uku da kungiyoyin ‘yancin ‘yan jarida na Burtaniya hudu. Ana ganin duk a kan ci gaba na ci gaba na siyasa.
Kuɗin NED ya tafi ga ƙungiyoyin bincike na Burtaniya Bellingcat, An Gano Kuɗi da kuma bude dimokuradiyya, da kuma kungiyoyin 'yancin yada labarai da horarwa Fihirisar Censorship, Mataki na ashirin da 19, da Ƙaddamarwar Kare Legal Defence, Da Thomson Reuters Foundation.
"Yawancin abin da muke yi a yau an yi su ne a ɓoye shekaru 25 da suka gabata ta CIA."
Tun daga 2016, waɗannan ƙungiyoyi sun karɓi £ 2,638,967 daga NED, suna sanya shi a cikin manyan masu ba da kuɗaɗen cibiyoyi na madadin kafofin watsa labarai da ƙungiyoyin 'yanci na 'yan jarida a Burtaniya.
Hukumar ta NED ta kuma ba da dubban daruruwan fam ga kungiyoyin watsa labaru na kasashen waje da ke da gagarumin matsayi da kuma alaka da rajista a Biritaniya, ciki har da Labarai, PEN da kuma Rahotanni ba tare da Borders ba.
'Sugar daddy of overt operation'
NED ya kasance halitta a cikin 1983 ta Shugaba Ronald Reagan, wanda ya gabatar da ra'ayin a cikin wani jawabi mai mahimmanci a Westminster, a gaban firayim minista Margaret Thatcher. The manufa, in ji shi, "domin bunkasa ababen more rayuwa na dimokuradiyya".
Wannan lokaci ne na abin kunya ga CIA. A Washington Post labarin nan ba da jimawa ba ya lura: "Tsohuwar manufar yin aiki a ɓoye, wanda ya jefa hukumar [CIA] cikin irin wannan matsala a cikin shekaru 40 da suka gabata, na iya zama wanda ya ƙare."
Hukumar ta NED tana nufin kare wa]annan badakala ta hanyar sanya wasu shirye-shirye a fili. "Babban sukari na ayyukan da ba a bayyana ba ya kasance Kyautar Kasa don Dimokuradiyya," in ji shi Washington Post ya ci gaba. "A cikin ƙarshen 1980s, ya bayyana a fili abin da ya taɓa kasancewa a ɓoye ba zato ba tsammani."
Wani mai ba da labari na CIA Philip Agee, wanda ya yi aiki a hukumar a cikin 1960s. sharhi a cikin 1995: "A zamanin yau, maimakon CIA kawai ta zagaya a bayan fage da ƙoƙarin yin amfani da tsarin a asirce ta hanyar saka kuɗi a nan da umarni a can da sauransu, yanzu suna da wani abin da ya dace, wanda shine wannan Kyautar Dimokraɗiyya ta ƙasa."
John Kiriakou, jami'in CIA daga 1990 zuwa 2004, ya fada Bayyana cewa sauye-sauyen kwanan nan a cikin dokar sun fadada yuwuwar manufofin ayyukan bayanan Amurka. "A cikin 2011, Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta canza dokar da ta haramta reshen Zartaswa daga yada farfagandar jama'ar Amurka ko 'yan kasar na sauran kasashen 'ido biyar' - Birtaniya, Kanada, Australia, da New Zealand," in ji shi.
Ya kara da cewa, "Kungiyar Ba da Tallafin Dimokuradiyya, kamar Rediyon Free Europe/Radio Liberty, da manyan tankunan tunani' na yankin Washington, da Rediyo/TV Martí, sune motocin da ake yada farfagandar", in ji shi, yana magana da gidan rediyon Amurka da ke watsawa zuwa Cuba. .
Kiriakou, wanda ya yi aiki a babban daraktan ayyuka na hukumar, ya ci gaba da cewa: “Kuma wace hanya ce mafi kyau don yada wannan farfagandar fiye da tara kuɗi zuwa kantunan ‘abokai’ a cikin ‘kasashen abokantaka’? Ƙoƙarin farfagandar CIA a tsawon tarihi ba abin kunya ba ne. Amma yanzu da ba a mayar da su bisa doka zuwa Rasha da China kawai ba, duniya gaba daya ta zama abin hari."
Bellingcat
Ƙungiyar Birtaniya Bellingcat, wanda aka sani akasarinsu don bincikensa na ayyukan sabis na sirri na Rasha, NED ta ba da kuɗin tallafin tun aƙalla 2017.
Bellingcat ita ce kawai hanyar watsa labarai ta Burtaniya da ke karɓar kuɗin NED wanda ba ya dawowa sakamakon akan neman tallafin NED don haka ba a san cikakken adadin tallafin da take bayarwa ga kungiyar ba. Bellingcat bai amsa ba Bayyanatambayoyin.
An yiwa ƙungiyar rijista azaman tushe a cikin Netherlands kuma asusunta na 2020 ya nuna ta samu Yuro 112,524 (£94,000) daga NED a waccan shekarar, wanda hakan ya sa hukumar Amurka ta zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan masu ba da kuɗaɗen cibiyoyi na Bellingcat. Abin da ya zama wani tallafin NED shima ana magana a cikin asusun, amma ba a bayyana adadin ba.
Asusun Bellingcat na 2019 bayyana babu tallafi daga NED, amma ta rahoton shekara-shekara daga wannan shekarar ta lissafa hukumar Amurka a matsayin "mai bayarwa". Bayyana ba zai iya samun asusun daga shekarun baya ba.
Wani wuri, Bellingcat ambaci NED a matsayin daya daga cikin "haɗin gwiwar dabarun", ya kara da cewa "ya ja hankalin (da tallafin kudi)" na hukumar Amurka "don fadada ayyukanta a cikin bincike da horarwa, da kuma inganta kungiyarta."
Wanda ya kafa Bellingcat kuma darekta, Eliot Higgins, an dauki hayar a ciki 2016 a matsayin ɗan'uwa ta Cibiyar Atlantic Council ta Washington, mai tunani tallafi ta Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da sashin "diflomasiyyar jama'a" ta NATO, da sauransu.
Shugaban NED na yanzu, Damon Wilson, ya kasance a baya Mataimakin shugaban zartarwa a Majalisar Atlantika. Kafin haka yana da manyan mukamai a Ofishin Jakadancin Amurka a Bagadaza, a NATO da Majalisar Tsaro ta Amurka inda yake "taimakawa wajen fadada NATO".
A cikin Satumba 2021, Bellingcat sanar wani sabon kwamitin ba da shawara na kasa da kasa mai mutum shida, wanda ya hada da Francis Fukuyama, tsohon ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka hukuma karkashin Reagan wanda kwanan nan ya zauna a kan hukumar Rahoton da aka ƙayyade na NED.
Da alama Bellingcat yana kusa da gwamnatin Burtaniya. Takardar da aka leka daga dan kwangilar Ofishin Harkokin Waje ya lura cewa - bayan Birtaniya "ta bayyana Arewacin Macedonia a matsayin kasa mai fifiko" - a lokacin zaben shugaban kasa na 2019 "ta tura" wasu "abokan tarayya" zuwa kasar a matsayin wani bangare na "amsa", ciki har da Bellingcat.
Shekara mai zuwa, a cikin Yuli 2020, Bellingcat wallafa wata kasida mai taken "Shishigin Rasha a Arewacin Macedonia: Ra'ayi Kafin Zabe" gabanin kuri'ar 'yan majalisar dokokin kasar.
A cikin 2020, Bellingcat yana ɗaya daga cikin huɗu kafa “abokan tarayya” a cikin Buɗaɗɗen Abokan Hulɗa (OIP), ƙawancen ƙungiyoyin “domin yaƙi da fallasa ɓarna” wanda Ofishin Harkokin Waje na Burtaniya ya samu gabaɗaya. Mambobin kungiyar sun hada da Cibiyar Sadarwar Dabarun NATO.
Babu tabbas ko Bellingcat ya karɓi kuɗi ta hanyar OIP saboda Ofishin Harkokin Waje ya ce hakan baya rike rubuce -rubuce.
Bellingcat jihohin cewa "ba ta neman ko karbar kudade da gudummawa kai tsaye daga kowace gwamnati ta kasa." Tsarin NED a matsayin sa-kai mai zaman kansa wanda Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ke bayarwa yana ba wa masu ba da tallafi damar samun irin waɗannan manufofin kuma har yanzu suna karɓar kuɗin ta.
'Kare sosai'
Index akan Censorship, babbar ƙungiyar 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki ta Burtaniya wacce ke sa ido kan barazanar 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da buga marubutan da aka tantance, ta karɓi £ 603,257 daga NED a cikin 2016-2021, a cewar Hukumar Ba da Agaji. asusun.
Babbar jami'ar Index, tsohuwar 'yar majalisa Ruth Smeeth, ta kasance nada a watan Yunin 2020 – watanni shida bayan ta rasa kujerarta a majalisar dokoki. Tashar diplomasiyya ta Amurka, wallafa ta WikiLeaks a cikin 2010, mai suna Smeeth a matsayin mai ba da labari na "kare sosai" ga ofishin jakadancin Amurka a London.
The USB - rubuta a cikin 2009 mataimakin shugaban tawagar Amurka a Landan, Richard LeBaron - ya lura: "Dan takarar Majalisar Dokoki na Labour don Burton Ruth Smeeth (mai kariya sosai) ya gaya mana Afrilu 20 cewa [Firayim Minista Gordon] Brown ya yi niyyar sanar da zaben. a ranar 12 ga Mayu."
Tashar yanar gizo ta ci gaba da cewa "wani mai takaici Smeeth ya ce" Brown dole ne ya yi watsi da shirin zabensa bayan raguwar adadin kuri'un Labour sakamakon wata badakala a kafofin watsa labarai. LeBaron ya kara da cewa: "Ba a ba da rahoton wannan bayanin a cikin manema labarai ba."
An rarraba kebul ɗin a matsayin "asiri" da "ba don idanu na waje ba". Kafin a buga shi zuwa London a cikin 2007, LeBaron ya kasance mataimakin shugaban tawagar a ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Isra'ila.
"Ba a ba da rahoton wannan bayanin a cikin manema labarai ba."
Daga 2005-7, Smeeth ya kasance darektan na harkokin jama'a da kamfen a Cibiyar Sadarwa da Bincike ta Isra'ila ta Biritaniya (BICOM), wata fitacciyar ƙungiyar masu goyon bayan Isra'ila mai kusanci da gwamnatin Isra'ila. Daraktanta na yanzu ya shiga BICOM kai tsaye daga ofishin firaministan Isra'ila.
Index - wanda masu bada kuɗi Hakanan sun haɗa da Gidauniyar Charles Koch, Facebook da Google - ba su amsa ba BayyanaTambayoyin game da tallafin NED.
Daya daga cikin wadanda suka kafa Index a 1972, mawaƙin Stephen Spender, ya rigaya yi murabus a matsayin editan Haɗuwa mujalla lokacin da aka fallasa cewa CIA ce ke ba da kuɗin ta. Spender ya ce bai san shirye-shiryen tallafin ba.
Spender sannan ya kafa Index, kuma cikin sauri ya nemi "taimako mai mahimmanci" daga Gidauniyar Ford, wanda Frances Stonor Saunders ta fada a cikin aikinta na lashe kyautar. Yakin Yakin Al'adu ya yi aiki a matsayin hanyar samar da kudaden CIA a cikin lokacin.
Saunders ya ce "an san shi sosai a lokacin da Gidauniyar Ford ta kasance abokin haɗin gwiwa na CIA." A cikin littafinta, Saunders ta rubuta: "Taskokin gidauniyar sun bayyana tarin ayyukan haɗin gwiwa."
'Abubuwan Hulɗa'
Wani Birtaniya da ke karɓar tallafin NED shine Thomson Reuters Foundation, tushen kamfani na kamfanin labarai na duniya. Ya kasance ba $ 98,870 (£ 72,500) a cikin 2020 don "ƙarfafa ƙarfin kafofin watsa labarai masu zaman kansu don ɗaukar cutar ta Covid-19."
Gidauniyar tana da a baya horar da 'yan jarida daga Tsakiya da Gabashin Turai a cikin shirin da NED ta ba da tallafi, amma bai amsa ba BayyanaTambayoyin kan matakin tallafin NED.
Asusunsa na 2020 ya lura ta haɓaka "haɗin gwiwa na shekaru da yawa tare da sababbin masu ba da kuɗi" ciki har da NED da Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka.
Kungiyar bincike ta Finance Uncovered mai hedkwata a Landan, wacce ke nazarin kudaden haram. samu $314,595 (£231,000) daga NED daga 2016-19. Gidan yanar gizon sa kuma nassoshi $230,000 na shekara biyu (£ 169,000) NED “bude tallafin” wanda ke aiki a cikin Satumba 2020.
Nick Mathiason, wanda ya kafa kuma babban darektan kungiyar, ya fada Bayyana: "NED da sauran masu ba da tallafi sun taimaka wa Finance Uncovered don zama cikakkiyar kungiya wacce ta horar da daruruwan 'yan jarida da masu fafutuka daga kasashe fiye da 90 kuma suna aiki tare da su don taimakawa wajen samar da labarai masu karfi".
An kaddamar da kungiyar ne a shekarar 2013 kuma tana da ‘yan jarida hudu a Birtaniya da daya a Kenya. An shiga cikin bincike mai nasara wanda ya hada da Pandora Papers Bincike cikin gujewa biyan haraji a teku.
A cikin 2020 hira tare da NED, Mathiason ya ce "tattalin arzikin masana'antar [jarida] an harbe shi gaba daya". Amma ya kara da cewa "a bayyane yake cewa a cikin karamin sashinmu na bin kudi da yaki da kleptocracy, ana yaba mana. Misali ma’aikatun ci gaban kasa da kasa sun fara samun wannan godiya.”
'Daukar aiki da horarwa'
Sauran kungiyoyin watsa labarai da ke karbar kudaden NED kwanan nan sun hada da openDemocracy, daya daga cikin gidajen labarai masu zaman kansu da aka fi ziyarta a Biritaniya, wanda aka ba shi dala 150,000 (£ 110,000) daga 2015-18.
It samu tallafin NED na $50,500 (£ 37,000) a cikin 2017 don "daukar da horar da marubuta masu tasowa, masu tunani, da shugabanni" daga Gabas ta Tsakiya "don rubuta mahimman labarai da suka shafi ci gaban dimokiradiyya a yankin."
wani kyauta shekara mai zuwa darajar $49,111 (£ 35,700) ita ce hanyar fita don "samar da dandamali ga shugabannin tunanin matasa masu tasowa… kan batutuwa masu mahimmanci da suka shafi ci gaban dimokuradiyya".
Kungiyar ta fada Bayyana ta karbi sauran kudaden NED don ba da horo a kasashe da suka hada da Masar, Tunisia da Syria.
OpenDemocracy yana da wallafa wani kwararo-kwarar bincike da aka yi a baya-bayan nan game da laifuffukan da gwamnatin Burtaniya ta yi a shekarun baya-bayan nan, wanda ya kai ga haka canje-canje a tsarin majalisa da kuma ofishin majalisar ministoci review.
Babban Editan Peter Geoghegan, wanda ba ya kan aiki lokacin da OpenDemocracy ya sami tallafin NED, ya ce kudaden "sun wakilci kusan kashi 3-4% na kasafin mu gaba daya a lokacin". Ya kara da cewa "kudin don wani takamaiman aiki ne kuma oD, kamar koyaushe, yana da cikakken ikon edita da 'yancin kai kan aikin."
Kungiyar 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki mai hedkwata a Landan mai lamba 19 ta samu fam miliyan 1.25 daga hukumar ta NED a shekarar 2016-20, a cewar hukumar agajin ta. asusun.
A halin yanzu, Initiative Legal Defence Initiative (MLDI) na Burtaniya, wanda aka kirkira a cikin 2008 don samar da "kariyar doka ga 'yan jarida", ta sami £ 275,796 daga NED a cikin 2017-20, a cewar ta. asusun.
Dukansu Mataki na 19 da MLDI ba su amsa ba Bayyanatambayoyin. Ba a san irin tasirin kuɗaɗen NED ya yi kai tsaye kan abubuwan da aka ba ta ba.
Tallafin zaɓi
Farashin NED ya ce yana da burin karfafa cibiyoyi don tabbatar da zabuka cikin gaskiya da adalci da kuma karfafa dimokradiyya mai sassaucin ra'ayi. A matsayin wani ɓangare na wannan, "NED tana ba da tallafi kai tsaye ga ƙungiyoyi a ƙasashen waje waɗanda ke aiki don kare haƙƙin ɗan adam, kafofin watsa labaru masu zaman kansu, bin doka, da kuma shirye-shiryen ƙungiyoyin jama'a da yawa."
Yana bayarwa 2,000 tallafi kowace shekara a duk faɗin duniya tare da matsakaicin kasancewa $ 50,000. Amma yana da alama tallafin NED ya mayar da hankali ne a cikin ƙasashe ko dai tare da gwamnatoci masu zaman kansu daga Washington - ko kuma yuwuwar su.
Bayyana ba zai iya samun tallafin NED da aka bayar a cikin ɗaya daga cikin gwamnatocin kama-karya guda shida da Amurka ke marawa baya a yankin Gulf, kamar su. Saudi Arabia da United Arab Emirates. Sabanin haka, NED ciyar $9.4m akan tallafi 162 a Venezuela - inda Amurka ke neman kawar da gwamnatin Nicolás Maduro - a cikin 2016-19 kadai.
Kyautar NED guda ɗaya a cikin 2011 tallafi Kungiyoyin dutse guda 10 a Venezuela don samar da sabbin wakoki na inganta 'yancin fadin albarkacin baki. Manufar ita ce "raguza mulkin Hugo Chavez", lokacin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokiradiyyar al'ummar da ke da arzikin man fetur.
Chavez ya mayar da Venezuela zuwa wajen Washington bayan ya lashe zabe a 1998, wanda ya jagoranci Amurka goyon bayan juyin mulkin da sojoji suka yi masa a takaice a shekara ta 2002.
Wani NED aikin a Venezuela, wannan lokacin daga 2017 da darajar $55,000, da nufin "haɗa 'yan jarida da kafofin watsa labaru don kare 'yancin faɗar albarkacin baki da dimokiradiyya."
"NED ita ce igiyar zinari da ke kaiwa zuwa Washington kai tsaye."
Membobi 22 na NED yan kwamitin gudanarwa ya hada da tsoffin jakadun Amurka biyar. Hakanan sanannen shine Elliott Abrams, babban jami'i a gwamnatin Reagan a cikin 1980s wanda ya taimaka wajen tsara abubuwan ɓoye. kudade na 'yan tawayen Contra na dama a Nicaragua, wanda CIA ma da hannu.
Abrams ya yi aiki a bayan Majalisa, wanda ya yanke kudade, kuma a cikin 1991 ya ya roki laifi zuwa tuhume-tuhume biyu na hana bayanai daga ‘yan majalisa. Daga karshe dai shugaba George HW Bush ya yi masa afuwa.
A cikin Janairu 2019, Shugaba Donald Trump nada Abrams zai jagoranci yunkurin Amurka na kawar da gwamnatin Maduro a Venezuela. Watanni uku bayan haka, 'yan adawar da Amurka ke marawa Juan Guaidó da Leopoldo López - wadanda ke dauke da manyan sojoji dauke da makamai - ƙoƙari zanga-zangar dauke da makamai a titunan babban birnin kasar, Caracas.
"NED ita ce igiyar zinari da ke komawa Washington kai tsaye," in ji Frances Stonor Saunders, wanda abokin aikin Royal Society of Literature ne. Bayyana. "Kuma ta wannan ba wai ina magana ne kan shirye-shiryen gwamnatin Amurka kawai ba, har ma da babbar hanyar sadarwar 'yan wasa da ke tsarawa da aiwatar da ayyukanta na yakin."
Ta kara da cewa "Yakin cacar baki na al'adu bai taba tafiya ba, an canza shi daga manufa zuwa manufa," in ji ta.
Hukumar ba da tallafin dimokuradiyya ta ƙasa ba ta amsa buƙatun neman sharhi ko bayanai ba.
Matt Kennard babban mai bincike ne a Declassified UK. Ya kasance abokin aiki sannan kuma darekta a Cibiyar Binciken Jarida ta Landan. Ku biyo shi akan Twitter @kennardmatt
Mark Curtis shi ne editan Declassified UK, kuma marubucin littattafai biyar da labarai da yawa kan manufofin kasashen waje na Burtaniya.
ZNetwork ana samun kuɗi ta hanyar karimcin masu karatun sa.
Bada Tallafi