A karshen watan Mayu, masu shiga tsakani daga gwamnatin Colombia sun tsaya kafada da kafada da wakilan 'yan tawayen FARC domin bayyana cewa sun cimma wata yarjejeniya mai cike da tarihi a shirin zaman lafiyar kasar.
Sanarwar ta kawo karshen watannin da aka kwashe ana tafka muhawara a wasu lokutan kan sake fasalin aikin noma - na farko daga cikin batutuwa biyar da aka tattauna a teburin tattaunawa a birnin Havana. A cikin sanarwar da aka fitar na hadin gwiwa, bangarorin biyu sun yi alkawarin "sauyi na gaske na yankunan karkara da noma na Colombia tare da daidaito da dimokiradiyya."
Duk da haka, ga da yawa daga cikin wadanda suka kasance a tsakiyar rikicin Colombia da kuma neman zaman lafiya a kasar, idan waɗannan mafarkai masu girma sun zama gaskiya duka tsarin zaman lafiya da kuma aiwatar da duk wata yarjejeniya ta ƙarshe suna buƙatar wucewa ta hanyar rufaffiyar kofofin. Havana da cikin birane, garuruwa da ƙauyuka na Colombia.
Tsohon dan gwagwarmaya Alirio Arroyave yana daya daga cikin wadannan mutane, kuma ya yi imani da amsar yadda Colombia za ta iya mayar da manyan maganganu na Havana zuwa ga gaskiyar Colombian, ya ta'allaka ne da alƙawarin da ba a yi ba na tabbatar da dimokuradiyya ta gaskiya, mafarkin da ya rinjaye shi ya ajiye aikinsa. makamai shekaru ashirin da suka wuce.
Arroyave ya shiga cikin masu tayar da kayar baya bayan ya fuskanci tsanantawa saboda shigarsa cikin yunkurin kare hakkin yankunan karkara a cikin shekarun 1970s, inda daga karshe ya sami hanyar shiga cikin rundunar sojojin 'yantar da kasa (ELN) - har yanzu a yau babbar kungiyar 'yan tawayen Colombia ta biyu.
Duk da haka, a farkon 90s, ya sami wahayi daga sabon kundin tsarin mulkin kasar, wanda aka tsara a matsayin wani ɓangare na shirin zaman lafiya tare da 'yan tawayen 19 ga Afrilu (M-19) da Popular Liberation Army (EPL). Ya shiga kungiyar ‘yan aware ta ELN, ya yi watsi da gwagwarmayar dauke da makamai, yana mai da yakinin cewa hakkin da ya yi yaki a kansa yana kunshe ne a cikin wata takarda da kasashen duniya ke yabawa a matsayin wani tsari na ci gaba da kare hakkin dan Adam.
Shekaru 20 bayan haka, yayin da har yanzu kundin tsarin mulkin Colombia ke samun yabo a duniya, har yanzu rikicin kasar na ci gaba da ruruwa. Ga Arroyave, dalilin wannan sabani ya ta'allaka ne da alkawuran da ba a cika ba na wancan tsarin mulkin. "Wannan kundin tsarin mulki shine dalilin cewa, isa, akwai sabuwar hanya, yanzu za mu iya fara aikin zamantakewa a cikin tsarin sabon tsarin mulkin Colombia," in ji shi, "amma wannan kundin tsarin mulki ya tsaya a cikin iska."
Amsar Arroyave game da yadda za a saukar da kundin tsarin mulki a kasa da kuma gina ingantaccen zaman lafiya mai dorewa a wannan karon shine ta hanyar tabbatar da shigar da ƙungiyoyin jama'a, a lokacin shirin zaman lafiya da kuma bayan. "Idan babu wani motsi na zamantakewa wanda ke goyan bayan tsarin zaman lafiya [rikicin] zai ci gaba da ci gaba," in ji shi.
Don ƙirƙirar matsakaici don shigar da ƙungiyoyin jama'a a cikin tattaunawar Havana, Arroyave yana aiki don tayar da tsarin da ya fara a cikin shekaru bayan ƙaddamarwarsa - Majalisun Majalisun Dokoki. Wani nau'i na dimokuradiyya kai tsaye, majalisa ta ba wa 'yan ƙasa damar shiga yanke shawara kan batutuwa kamar tsaro na zamantakewa, muhalli, dimokuradiyya da 'yancin ɗan adam da ayyuka. "Majalisun Majalisun dokoki madadin gina al'umma ne domin su ne wuraren shiga jama'a da ke ba da damar tuntubar jama'a," in ji shi.
A kololuwar sa, akwai kusan taruka na gundumomi 300, mafi rinjaye a sashen tashin hankali na Antioquia. Sai dai aikin ya tabarbare bayan wani gwamna mai jiran gado ya janye tallafi da kudade domin masu shirya taron sun amsa tambayar da ba daidai ba: shin kuna tare da mahalarta taron ko kuna tare da gwamnati?
A cikin sake farfado da tsarin, Arroyave ya yi imanin cewa majalisai irin waɗannan za su iya zama hanyar da za ta shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin jama'a a cikin tsarin zaman lafiya. “Idan muka sami damar haɗa al’umma da wannan tsari, mu ce – wannan namu ne, gamayya ne, gamayya ne – kuma wannan fage ne da muke gina zaman lafiya a cikinsa, wannan ita ce hanyar gina dimokraɗiyya ta gaskiya, a gina adalci da adalci. zaman lafiya, to duk gardamar yaki a Colombia za ta kare,” inji shi.
Ya zuwa yanzu, sabon tsarin ya ga sabbin taruka 125 sun taso a kusa da Antioquia. Sabbin majalissar ba wai kawai ta baiwa 'yan kasar damar fadin kai tsaye kan batutuwan da suka hada da ci gaban tattalin arziki na gama-gari, kasafin kudin kananan hukumomi, da dimokiradiyya da cin gashin kai na cikin gida ba, sun kuma tattauna yadda za su samar da zaman lafiya a Colombia, kuma tuni sun aike da jerin shawarwari da mahalarta taron suka tsara. ga masu yin shawarwari a Havana.
Duk da haka, Arroyave ya yi imanin shigar da 'yan ƙasa ba kawai yana da mahimmanci a lokacin shawarwari ba har ma bayan, lokacin da duk wata yarjejeniya da 'yan tawaye da gwamnati za a aiwatar da su. Ba shi da ɗan kwarin gwiwa ga gwamnatin Colombia don yin aiki shi kaɗai a cikin wannan tsari. "Ban yi imani ba (zai kawo sauyi na zamantakewa) saboda akwai babban rikici na bukatu kuma muna magana ne game da gwamnati da jihar da a yau ke wakiltar bukatun manyan 'yan jari-hujja, manyan ƙasashe - jihar ba ta gane ba. cewa kasa ce ta jama'a."
Maimakon haka, Arroyave ya yi imanin, ya rage ga 'yan kasar don tabbatar da cewa zancen ci gaba da daidaito ya wuce takardar da gwamnati da shugabannin 'yan tawaye suka sanya hannu. "Suna kulla yarjejeniyar amma mu ne ya kamata mu tabbatar da su gaskiya," in ji shi. Don hakan ya faru, in ji shi, 'yan ƙasa suna buƙatar hanyar da za su shiga - ba wai ta hanyar gurɓataccen tsarin siyasa na Colombia ba, amma kai tsaye. "Na tabbata cewa hanyar samun zaman lafiya ta hanyar dimokuradiyya ce," in ji shi.
A Havana, FARC da gwamnati yanzu sun fara tattaunawa a kan batu na biyu a kan ajanda - shiga siyasa. Za a mayar da hankali kan tattaunawar kan yadda FARC za ta iya shiga cikin harkokin siyasa cikin aminci bayan tashe-tashen hankula.
Ga Arroyave, ko da yake, mabuɗin samun zaman lafiya mai ɗorewa ba zai kasance game da damar da aka ba wa ’yan siyasa masu son tsayawa takara a cikin shugabancin ƙungiyar ba, a maimakon haka game da yadda mutanen da ’yan tawayen ke da’awar wakilci za su iya shiga cikin harkokin siyasa da rayuwar al’umma.
"Canjin da za a yi dole ne ya zo daga ƙasa, ban yi imani da yiwuwar canji daga sama ba," in ji shi. "Yana tafiya daga matsayi na tsaye, kamar yadda muke a yau, zuwa kasa mai kwance kuma muna iya gina aikin kasa inda aka san mu duka a matsayin 'yan wasan kwaikwayo na zamantakewa da kuma mutane."
James Bargent ɗan jarida ne mai zaman kansa wanda ke zaune a Colombia. Duba jamesbargent.com
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Bada Tallafi