Source: Uwar Jones
San Francisco na kan gab da gudanar da zaɓen tunawa da tarihi wanda zai iya korar ɗaya daga cikin manyan lauyoyin ƙasar masu ci gaba. Chesa Boudin, wanda ya hau karagar mulki a farkon shekarar 2020. Boudin, wanda iyayensa ke tsare a gidan yari tun yana jariri, ya tayar da kayar baya ta hanyar kokarin rage yawan fursunonin birnin da kuma karkatar da masu karamin karfi daga gidajen yari — sauye-sauyen da ya ce za su yi, a cikin gidan yari. dogon gudu, kiyaye al'umma lafiya. Masu sukarsa, wadanda suka hada da 'yan jari-hujja da hamshakin attajirin dan jam'iyyar Republican, na zarginsa da mayar da San Francisco zuwa birnin Gotham mara bin doka.
Yakin da suke yi da Boudin wani bangare ne na wani babban yunkuri na aikata laifuka wanda ya sami ci gaba yayin barkewar cutar. A cikin Los Angeles, Babban Lauyan Gundumar George Gascón yana fuskantar wani yunƙurin tuno da kuɗaɗen kuɗi, shima. A bara, haka ma masu gabatar da kara a Virginia da yawa suka yi yakin neman zabe kan irin wadannan alkawuran na tabbatar da tsarin shari'a ga masu karamin karfi da masu launin fata. A watan Maris, dan majalisa na Illinois gabatar da lissafin don tunawa da mai gabatar da kara na jihar Kim Foxx, mai neman sauyi, yana zarginta da haifar da "rikicin amincewa a tsarin shari'ar Cook County."
A duk waɗannan wurare, "mutane suna amfani da labarun tsoro don zana hoton cewa gyara da aminci sun bambanta," in ji Akhi Johnson, wani tsohon mai gabatar da kara wanda yanzu ke aiki a Cibiyar Shari'a ta Vera, cibiyar tunani da ke haɗin gwiwa da lauyoyi masu ci gaba. Misali, ƙungiyar anti-Boudin ɗaya a San Francisco rubuta kwanan nan a shafinta na yanar gizo cewa "yayin da fasa-kwaurin motoci, masu fashi da makami, da kuma wuce gona da iri suka kai matakin rikici a San Francisco, kin Boudin na daukar masu laifi da dillalan muggan kwayoyi yana jefa mu cikin hadari." Tsoron irin wannan na iya zama lallashi: A 'yan zabe yana ba da shawarar cewa yawancin masu jefa kuri'a na San Francisco (tsakanin kashi 57 zuwa 68) a yanzu suna son kawar da Boudin a cikin kiran da aka yi, ciki har da 'yan Democrat da yawa. (Daya zabe, wanda magoya bayan Boudin suka ba da izini, sun ba da shawarar cewa kashi 48 cikin XNUMX na masu jefa ƙuri'a suna son kiransa.)
Masu sukar Boudin sun ce suna jin rashin tsaro a karkashin jagorancinsa. Amma abin shine, yayin da cutar ta barke babu shakka ta haifar da rikice-rikicen da ake fama da su game da rashin matsuguni, amfani da muggan ƙwayoyi, da lafiyar hankali a San Francisco da sauran wurare, adadin laifuka ba sa yaɗuwa cikin iko, kuma babu wata shaida cewa Boudin ko wasu DAs ke da alhakin abubuwan da suka faru. Hasali ma, malaman jami’o’in da suka yi nazari kan masu gabatar da kara a fadin kasar sun gano cewa manufofinsu ba su haifar da tashin hankali ba. Tare da kasa da makonni biyu har sai an kirga kuri'un a San Francisco, ga raguwar binciken da ya fi dacewa game da adadin laifuka, masu gabatar da kara masu ci gaba, da kuma alakar (ko rashinsa) tsakanin su biyun.
Gabaɗaya, laifi ba ya karuwa a San Francisco.
Kallon labaran kebul ko ma yin tafiya tare da wasu titunan San Francisco, za a gafarta maka don gaskata cewa laifin ya yi yawa. Bidiyo na bidiyo sun nuna bazuwar sansanoni marasa matsuguni, titin titi cike da alluran muggan kwayoyi, da mazaje suna cusa jakunkunansu da kayayyakin sata a lokacin fasa-kwauri da kwace. Hare-haren da ake kaiwa dattawan Amurkawa na Asiya ya haifar da tsoro, har ma da ƙarfafa wasu masu sa kai su ƙaddamar da nasu jami'an tsaron lafiyar jama'a.
Bai kamata mu raina waɗannan matsalolin tsaro na jama'a ba, saboda yawancinsu suna da mutane da yawa waɗanda abin ya shafa - daga mutanen da aka tilasta musu barci cikin ruwan sama saboda hauhawar haya, zuwa kakannin Amurkawa na Asiya waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin kai hari kan ayyukansu, ga yaran da ke tafiya. sirinji na baya akan hanyarsu ta dawowa daga makaranta. Wadannan matsalolin sun fara tun kafin Boudin ya hau ofis, amma ga yawancin mazauna San Francisco, da alama sun yi muni a cikin shekaru biyun da suka gabata. Dangane da bayanan gida da na ƙasa, yawancin San Franciscans, kamar yawancin Amurkawa, Yi imani Adadin laifuka ya karu. Wasu cikinsu na iya yin martani ga rahotannin da kafofin watsa labarai suka bayar game da harbe-harbe ko wasu ayyukan tashin hankali, in ji Cibiyar Vera Johnson: “Mummunan al’amarin ya tsaya a kansu; tsantsar tsoro yakan kamashi."
Amma me bayanan suka ce? A takaice sigar ita ce laifin yi Canji sosai a farkon watanni na barkewar cutar - a San Francisco da kewayen ƙasar. Amma a yau, yayin da garin ke ƙara komawa cikin halayen riga-kafin cutar kuma mutane da yawa suna barin gidajensu don yin aiki da zamantakewa, aikata laifuka kuma ya koma baya ga matakan riga-kafin cutar a cikin birni da jihar. Wato rashin bin doka yana da ba ya yi muni sosai a karkashin Boudin.
Laifukan kuma sun koma baya zuwa matakan riga-kafi a California.
Bari mu fara da laifukan tashin hankali. A farkon wannan shekara, da San Francisco Chronicle nazari 'yan sanda data faru don kwatanta yawan laifukan birni na 2022 da ƙimar kuɗi a cikin shekaru huɗu da suka gabata. Bayanan 'yan sanda ba cikakke ba ne, tun da yake kawai yana nuna laifukan da aka kai rahoto ga 'yan sanda, amma wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun bayanan da muke da su. Kuma akasin abin da bidiyoyin bidiyo na bidiyo za su iya ba da shawara, takardar ta gano cewa gabaɗayan laifukan ta'addanci a San Francisco sun yi ki yarda a lokacin bala'in, yana shawagi a mafi ƙanƙanta tun 1985. Daga 2019 zuwa 2021, bisa ga wani bincike da aka yi. Uwar Jones, fyade, fashi, da kai hari a cikin birni sun ragu da kashi 45 cikin ɗari (sakamakon ƙaramar shari'o'i 185), kashi 27 (ƙananan shari'o'i 846), da kashi 6 cikin ɗari (ƙananan shari'o'i 158), bi da bi. Kuka mai nisa daga Gotham.
Har yanzu, kuna iya yin mamaki game da laifukan dukiya, waɗanda suka daɗe suna addabar San Franciscans. Wadannan sata sun fi zama ruwan dare a San Francisco fiye da sauran wurare a California-watakila saboda yawan gibin arziki a cikin birnin, tare da masu kudi na Silicon Valley suna zaune kusa da mutanen da ba za su iya samun haya ba. Wasu laifuffukan kadarori sun yi muni yayin bala'in, kamar masu sata, wanda ya karu da kashi 52 cikin 2020 a cikin birni a cikin 2021 kuma ya kasance mai girma a cikin 11. Amma yayin da gine-ginen ofis ke sake buɗewa kuma ƙarin ma'aikata suna komawa cikin birni a wannan shekara, ƙimar sata kuma tana dawowa daidai. . Kuma gabaɗaya, laifukan kadarori a cikin birni sun ragu da kusan kashi 2019 cikin ɗari daga 2021 zuwa XNUMX, a cewar bayanan 'yan sanda. Banda ɗaya ga waccan yanayin: satar mota, wanda ke ci gaba a shirin bidiyo mai sauri. Amma wannan ba keɓantacce ga San Francisco ba. Wani mai bincike Magnus Lofstrom na Cibiyar Siyasar Jama'a ta California ya shaida wa manema labarai hakan Chronicle cewa biranen kasar suna fuskantar satar ababen hawa fiye da kafin barkewar cutar, mai yuwuwa saboda farashin motocin da aka yi amfani da su ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, wanda ke baiwa barayi kwarin gwiwa.
Abu ne mai yiyuwa, kamar yadda wasu masu sukar Boudin suka ce, bayanan 'yan sanda ba su yi daidai da matakan aikata laifukan dukiya a cikin birni ba: Mutane da yawa ba sa damuwa da buga lambar 911 lokacin da aka kwace kunshin Amazon ɗin su daga baranda. Amma hakan gaskiya ne, tun kafin Boudin ya zo ofis.
Abin da is sabon abu, duk da haka, shi ne cewa 'yan sanda suna kama da kama kama da irin waɗannan laifuka fiye da yadda suke yi. A zahiri, adadin izinin 'yan sanda a San Francisco ya ragu zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin shekaru goma, a kashi 8.1 kawai. Wasu jami’an sun ce ba su ga dalilin kawo wanda ake zargi zuwa tashar ba saboda suna ganin da wuya Boudin ya ci gaba da shari’ar. (Sun yi kuskure - ƙari a kan hakan daga baya.) A farkon wannan watan, Boudin ya ce ofishinsa ya yi nisa har ya zuwa yanzu. hayar U-Haul don fasa wani shagon boba da ake zargi da katangar kayan sata, bayan da ‘yan sanda suka ki taimakawa.
Kisan kai yana karuwa a SF, amma ba kamar yadda ake yi a yawancin manyan biranen ba - ciki har da na Republican.
Kisan kai wani banbanci ne ga yanayin faduwa laifuka. Kisan kai ya karu da kimanin kashi 30 cikin 2020 na kasa baki daya a shekarar XNUMX-da babbar karuwa na shekara guda akan rikodin. Kuma sun tashi a San Francisco, kuma, da kusan kashi 36 cikin 2019 tsakanin 2021 da XNUMX. Yawancin sun kasance daga harbe-harbe.
Bai kamata mu raina waɗannan lambobin ba, domin kowace mutuwa tana wakiltar wanda bai mayar da shi gida ga danginsu ba, ba daidai ba a cikin al'ummomin launi. Wasu masu binciken laifuka sun yi hasashen cewa annobar ta taka rawa, yayin da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ya sa mutane ke da wuya su sami tsayayyiyar aikin da zai hana su aikata laifuka, kuma yayin da mutane da yawa ke sayen bindigogi suna kokawa da lafiyar kwakwalwarsu. Wasu malaman jami’o’i na zargin cewa rashin yarda da ‘yan sanda ya kara ta’azzara lamarin, inda mutane ke daukar gardama a hannunsu maimakon komawa ga jami’an tsaro.
Yawan kashe-kashe ya kai kashi 40 cikin dari a jihohi 25 da suka zabi Donald Trump.
Amma kuma, bari mu sanya bayanan cikin hangen nesa. A San Francisco, karuwar kashi 36 cikin 15 na kisan kai ya yi daidai da karin kisan kai 2021 a cikin 41 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata kafin barkewar cutar, lokacin da aka yi kisa 100,000. Ko da wannan tashin hankalin, San Francisco yana daya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin kisa na dukkan manyan biranen Amurka - kusan kashe mutane shida a cikin mutane 10 a bara, idan aka kwatanta da 100,000 cikin XNUMX a cikin irin wannan yawan jama'a Washington, DC.
Har ila yau, adadin tashin hankali na bindiga na San Francisco ba shi da kyau idan aka kwatanta da na wasu yankunan karkara, gami da waɗanda ke da ƙarin al'ada, lauyoyin gundumomi masu taurin kai. A cikin kwanan nan binciken, Cibiyar tunani ta Hanyoyi ta Uku ta gano cewa adadin kisan kai ya karu da kashi 40 bisa 25 a matsakaita a jihohi 128 da suka zabi Donald Trump a zaben da ya gabata idan aka kwatanta da jihohin da suka zabi Shugaba Biden. “Alal misali,” marubutan rahoton sun lura, “Jacksonville, birni mai magajin gari na Republican, ya sami ƙarin kisan kai 2020 a cikin XNUMX fiye da San Francisco, birni mai magajin gari na Democrat, duk da kwatankwacin yawan jama'arsu. A haƙiƙa, yawan kashe-kashen da aka yi a San Francisco's Kakakin Majalisar Nancy Pelosi ya kai rabin na Shugaban Jam'iyyar Republican Kevin McCarthy's Bakersfield, birni mai magajin gari na Republican wanda ya kada kuri'a ga Trump da gagarumin rinjaye. Amma duk da haka da kyar ake samun wasuwasi, balle a ce kururuwa, kan yadda ake yawan kashe-kashe a wadannan wurare da sauran wurare.”
"Idan akwai tashin hankali a cikin wasu nau'ikan laifuka, nan da nan za a zarge shi kan DAs na neman gyare-gyare," in ji Johnson Cibiyar Vera. "Duk da haka, inda DAs ke ci gaba da bin tsauraran dabarun aikata laifuka kuma laifuka ke karuwa, ba a yi musu tambayoyi iri ɗaya ba."
Boudin ba shine DA na farko da yayi kokarin rage yawan fursunoni ba.
Lokacin da Boudin ya hau kan karagar mulki a farkon shekarar 2020, ya yi kanun labarai na kasa don wasu jajirtattun manufofinsa marasa tushe. Makonni biyu da fara aikinsa, ya sanar cewa masu shigar da kara ba za su sake neman belin tsabar kudi ba, saboda ya ce tsarin beli na rashin adalci yana tsare mutane masu karamin karfi a gidan yari kafin a yi musu shari’a, ko ba su da laifi. Ga wasu ƙananan laifuffuka, ya kuma fara karkatar da ƙarin masu laifi zuwa wasu shirye-shirye kamar lafiyar hankali da maganin shaye-shaye, maimakon ƙoƙarin ɗaure su.
Boudin, duk da haka, ba shine lauyan gunduma na farko da ya gwada irin wannan manufofin ba - ba na ƙasa ba, kuma ba a San Francisco ba. Magabatansa George Gascón ya kuma yi kokarin rage yawan gidajen yari da gidajen yari a cikin birnin kafin ya koma Los Angeles. Kuma ba kamar Boudin ba ne wani laifuka, musamman ma masu tsanani. A cewar a San Francisco Chronicle review, yana tuhumar kashi mafi girma na shari'ar kisan kai da narcotic fiye da Gascón, da ƙananan kaso na ƙananan sata. Adadin cajinsa gabaɗaya ya kai kashi 48 cikin ɗari, maki shida kacal ya ragu da na Gascon a cikin 2018 da 2019 kuma kusan daidai da ƙimar Gascón a 2016 da 2017. (Boudin ya ce cutar ta wani bangare ne ke da alhakin ɗan bambance-bambance a cikin cajin sa da ƙimar yanke hukunci. : Coronavirus ya tilasta wa kotuna rufewa, rage jinkirin gwaji, sabbin dokokin California sun ba da damar karkatar da mutane da yawa daga tsarin gidan yari zuwa shirye-shiryen magani na dabam.)
A wajen California, wasu lauyoyin gundumomi sun bi irin wannan burin tsawon shekaru. A cikin Illinois, Lauyan Jihar Cook County Kim Foxx ta yi kokarin rage yawan mutanen da ake tsare da su tun lokacin da aka zabe ta a shekarar 2016, tun kafin Boudin ya fara yakin neman zabe. Kamar Boudin da Gascón, tana goyan bayan hana belin kuɗi kuma ta yi canje-canje don tsare mutane kaɗan a kurkuku kafin shari'a, yayin da kuma ke ba da fifikon shirye-shiryen karkatar da su. Lauyan gundumar Philadelphia Larry Krasner ne adam wata, wanda ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekarar 2018, ya yi yakin neman zabe a kan irin wadannan alkawurra kuma ya kuma nemi a yanke masa hukunci kan wasu laifuka. Daga Brooklyn zuwa Austin zuwa New Orleans, sauran masu gabatar da kara suna bin diddiginsu.
Irin wannan DAs a wasu wurare ba su haifar da tsalle cikin tashin hankali ba.
A zahiri, har zuwa matakan aikata laifuka, wasu daga cikin waɗannan DA sun bayyana suna yin aiki mafi kyau fiye da takwarorinsu na lauyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, bisa ga binciken da masana ilimi suka yi kwanan nan. Wannan albishir ne ga duk wanda ya damu da makomar lafiyar jama'a a karkashin Boudin.
Alal misali, Farfesa Christopher Stone na Jami'ar Oxford kwanan nan ya bincika matakan tashin hankali a Brooklyn, Chicago, St. Louis, da Philadelphia - garuruwan da manyan masu gabatar da kara suka yi aiki tun daga 2014, 2016, 2017, da 2018, bi da bi. "Ba wai kawai laifin tashin hankali ba ya tashi a karkashin masu gabatar da kara masu ci gaba fiye da karkashin tsohon mai gadi, amma a duk inda na duba. Masu gabatar da kara na ci gaba sun kasance suna jagorantar rage yawan raguwa ko ƙananan karuwar laifukan tashin hankali fiye da na yankunan da ke kewaye., ”Ya rubuta a watan Janairu.
A cikin wani jerin karatun, masana tattalin arziki da siyasa uku daga Jami'ar Texas A&M, Jami'ar Rutgers, da NYU lura cewa wasu masu gabatar da kara a yankin na Boston sun kasance masu sassauci fiye da wasu, suna watsi da wasu laifukan da ba su dace ba maimakon bin tuhume-tuhume, a salon da ya yi kama da na lauyoyin gundumomi masu ci gaba. Ta hanyar amfani da bayanan yanki daga 2000 zuwa 2018, masu binciken sun so su gano abin da ya faru da wadanda ake tuhuma "masu sa'a" wadanda suka fuskanci masu gabatar da kara na korar, da kuma ko rashin hukunta su ya sa su kara yin laifuka a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Bai yi ba. Maimakon haka, waɗannan waɗanda ake tuhuma sun kasance Kashi 58 na ƙasa da ƙasa da za a kama shi da wani laifi fiye da sauran mutanen da masu gabatar da kara suka tuhume su da laifin farko.
San Francisco na kan gab da gudanar da zaɓen tunawa da tarihi wanda zai iya korar ɗaya daga cikin manyan lauyoyin ƙasar masu ci gaba. Chesa Boudin, wanda ya hau karagar mulki a farkon shekarar 2020. Boudin, wanda iyayensa ke tsare a gidan yari tun yana jariri, ya tayar da kayar baya ta hanyar kokarin rage yawan fursunonin birnin da kuma karkatar da masu karamin karfi daga gidajen yari — sauye-sauyen da ya ce za su yi, a cikin gidan yari. dogon gudu, kiyaye al'umma lafiya. Masu sukarsa, wadanda suka hada da 'yan jari-hujja da hamshakin attajirin dan jam'iyyar Republican, na zarginsa da mayar da San Francisco zuwa birnin Gotham mara bin doka.
Yakin da suke yi da Boudin wani bangare ne na wani babban yunkuri na aikata laifuka wanda ya sami ci gaba yayin barkewar cutar. A cikin Los Angeles, Babban Lauyan Gundumar George Gascón yana fuskantar wani yunƙurin tuno da kuɗaɗen kuɗi, shima. A bara, haka ma masu gabatar da kara a Virginia da yawa suka yi yakin neman zabe kan irin wadannan alkawuran na tabbatar da tsarin shari'a ga masu karamin karfi da masu launin fata. A watan Maris, dan majalisa na Illinois gabatar da lissafin don tunawa da mai gabatar da kara na jihar Kim Foxx, mai neman sauyi, yana zarginta da haifar da "rikicin amincewa a tsarin shari'ar Cook County."
A duk waɗannan wurare, "mutane suna amfani da labarun tsoro don zana hoton cewa gyara da aminci sun bambanta," in ji Akhi Johnson, wani tsohon mai gabatar da kara wanda yanzu ke aiki a Cibiyar Shari'a ta Vera, cibiyar tunani da ke haɗin gwiwa da lauyoyi masu ci gaba. Misali, ƙungiyar anti-Boudin ɗaya a San Francisco rubuta kwanan nan a shafinta na yanar gizo cewa "yayin da fasa-kwaurin motoci, masu fashi da makami, da kuma wuce gona da iri suka kai matakin rikici a San Francisco, kin Boudin na daukar masu laifi da dillalan muggan kwayoyi yana jefa mu cikin hadari." Tsoron irin wannan na iya zama lallashi: A 'yan zabe yana ba da shawarar cewa yawancin masu jefa kuri'a na San Francisco (tsakanin kashi 57 zuwa 68) a yanzu suna son kawar da Boudin a cikin kiran da aka yi, ciki har da 'yan Democrat da yawa. (Daya zabe, wanda magoya bayan Boudin suka ba da izini, sun ba da shawarar cewa kashi 48 cikin XNUMX na masu jefa ƙuri'a suna son kiransa.)
Masu sukar Boudin sun ce suna jin rashin tsaro a karkashin jagorancinsa. Amma abin shine, yayin da cutar ta barke babu shakka ta haifar da rikice-rikicen da ake fama da su game da rashin matsuguni, amfani da muggan ƙwayoyi, da lafiyar hankali a San Francisco da sauran wurare, adadin laifuka ba sa yaɗuwa cikin iko, kuma babu wata shaida cewa Boudin ko wasu DAs ke da alhakin abubuwan da suka faru. Hasali ma, malaman jami’o’in da suka yi nazari kan masu gabatar da kara a fadin kasar sun gano cewa manufofinsu ba su haifar da tashin hankali ba. Tare da kasa da makonni biyu har sai an kirga kuri'un a San Francisco, ga raguwar binciken da ya fi dacewa game da adadin laifuka, masu gabatar da kara masu ci gaba, da kuma alakar (ko rashinsa) tsakanin su biyun.
Gabaɗaya, laifi ba ya karuwa a San Francisco.
Kallon labaran kebul ko ma yin tafiya tare da wasu titunan San Francisco, za a gafarta maka don gaskata cewa laifin ya yi yawa. Bidiyo na bidiyo sun nuna bazuwar sansanoni marasa matsuguni, titin titi cike da alluran muggan kwayoyi, da mazaje suna cusa jakunkunansu da kayayyakin sata a lokacin fasa-kwauri da kwace. Hare-haren da ake kaiwa dattawan Amurkawa na Asiya ya haifar da tsoro, har ma da ƙarfafa wasu masu sa kai su ƙaddamar da nasu jami'an tsaron lafiyar jama'a.
Bai kamata mu raina waɗannan matsalolin tsaro na jama'a ba, saboda yawancinsu suna da mutane da yawa waɗanda abin ya shafa - daga mutanen da aka tilasta musu barci cikin ruwan sama saboda hauhawar haya, zuwa kakannin Amurkawa na Asiya waɗanda ke cikin haɗarin kai hari kan ayyukansu, ga yaran da ke tafiya. sirinji na baya akan hanyarsu ta dawowa daga makaranta. Wadannan matsalolin sun fara tun kafin Boudin ya hau ofis, amma ga yawancin mazauna San Francisco, da alama sun yi muni a cikin shekaru biyun da suka gabata. Dangane da bayanan gida da na ƙasa, yawancin San Franciscans, kamar yawancin Amurkawa, Yi imani Adadin laifuka ya karu. Wasu cikinsu na iya yin martani ga rahotannin da kafofin watsa labarai suka bayar game da harbe-harbe ko wasu ayyukan tashin hankali, in ji Cibiyar Vera Johnson: “Mummunan al’amarin ya tsaya a kansu; tsantsar tsoro yakan kamashi."
Amma me bayanan suka ce? A takaice sigar ita ce laifin yi Canji sosai a farkon watanni na barkewar cutar - a San Francisco da kewayen ƙasar. Amma a yau, yayin da garin ke ƙara komawa cikin halayen riga-kafin cutar kuma mutane da yawa suna barin gidajensu don yin aiki da zamantakewa, aikata laifuka kuma ya koma baya ga matakan riga-kafin cutar a cikin birni da jihar. Wato rashin bin doka yana da ba ya yi muni sosai a karkashin Boudin.
Bari mu fara da laifukan tashin hankali. A farkon wannan shekara, da San Francisco Chronicle nazari 'yan sanda data faru don kwatanta yawan laifukan birni na 2022 da ƙimar kuɗi a cikin shekaru huɗu da suka gabata. Bayanan 'yan sanda ba cikakke ba ne, tun da yake kawai yana nuna laifukan da aka kai rahoto ga 'yan sanda, amma wasu daga cikin mafi kyawun bayanan da muke da su. Kuma akasin abin da bidiyoyin bidiyo na bidiyo za su iya ba da shawara, takardar ta gano cewa gabaɗayan laifukan ta'addanci a San Francisco sun yi ki yarda a lokacin bala'in, yana shawagi a mafi ƙanƙanta tun 1985. Daga 2019 zuwa 2021, bisa ga wani bincike da aka yi. Uwar Jones, fyade, fashi, da kai hari a cikin birni sun ragu da kashi 45 cikin ɗari (sakamakon ƙaramar shari'o'i 185), kashi 27 (ƙananan shari'o'i 846), da kashi 6 cikin ɗari (ƙananan shari'o'i 158), bi da bi. Kuka mai nisa daga Gotham.
Har yanzu, kuna iya yin mamaki game da laifukan dukiya, waɗanda suka daɗe suna addabar San Franciscans. Wadannan sata sun fi zama ruwan dare a San Francisco fiye da sauran wurare a California-watakila saboda yawan gibin arziki a cikin birnin, tare da masu kudi na Silicon Valley suna zaune kusa da mutanen da ba za su iya samun haya ba. Wasu laifuffukan kadarori sun yi muni yayin bala'in, kamar masu sata, wanda ya karu da kashi 52 cikin 2020 a cikin birni a cikin 2021 kuma ya kasance mai girma a cikin 11. Amma yayin da gine-ginen ofis ke sake buɗewa kuma ƙarin ma'aikata suna komawa cikin birni a wannan shekara, ƙimar sata kuma tana dawowa daidai. . Kuma gabaɗaya, laifukan kadarori a cikin birni sun ragu da kusan kashi 2019 cikin ɗari daga 2021 zuwa XNUMX, a cewar bayanan 'yan sanda. Banda ɗaya ga waccan yanayin: satar mota, wanda ke ci gaba a shirin bidiyo mai sauri. Amma wannan ba keɓantacce ga San Francisco ba. Wani mai bincike Magnus Lofstrom na Cibiyar Siyasar Jama'a ta California ya shaida wa manema labarai hakan Chronicle cewa biranen kasar suna fuskantar satar ababen hawa fiye da kafin barkewar cutar, mai yuwuwa saboda farashin motocin da aka yi amfani da su ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, wanda ke baiwa barayi kwarin gwiwa.
Abu ne mai yiyuwa, kamar yadda wasu masu sukar Boudin suka ce, bayanan 'yan sanda ba su yi daidai da matakan aikata laifukan dukiya a cikin birni ba: Mutane da yawa ba sa damuwa da buga lambar 911 lokacin da aka kwace kunshin Amazon ɗin su daga baranda. Amma hakan gaskiya ne, tun kafin Boudin ya zo ofis.
Abin da is sabon abu, duk da haka, shi ne cewa 'yan sanda suna kama da kama kama da irin waɗannan laifuka fiye da yadda suke yi. A zahiri, adadin izinin 'yan sanda a San Francisco ya ragu zuwa mafi ƙanƙanta a cikin shekaru goma, a kashi 8.1 kawai. Wasu jami’an sun ce ba su ga dalilin kawo wanda ake zargi zuwa tashar ba saboda suna ganin da wuya Boudin ya ci gaba da shari’ar. (Sun yi kuskure - ƙari a kan hakan daga baya.) A farkon wannan watan, Boudin ya ce ofishinsa ya yi nisa har ya zuwa yanzu. hayar U-Haul don fasa wani shagon boba da ake zargi da katangar kayan sata, bayan da ‘yan sanda suka ki taimakawa.
Kisan kai yana karuwa a SF, amma ba kamar yadda ake yi a yawancin manyan biranen ba - ciki har da na Republican.
Kisan kai wani banbanci ne ga yanayin faduwa laifuka. Kisan kai ya karu da kimanin kashi 30 cikin 2020 na kasa baki daya a shekarar XNUMX-da babbar karuwa na shekara guda akan rikodin. Kuma sun tashi a San Francisco, kuma, da kusan kashi 36 cikin 2019 tsakanin 2021 da XNUMX. Yawancin sun kasance daga harbe-harbe.
Bai kamata mu raina waɗannan lambobin ba, domin kowace mutuwa tana wakiltar wanda bai mayar da shi gida ga danginsu ba, ba daidai ba a cikin al'ummomin launi. Wasu masu binciken laifuka sun yi hasashen cewa annobar ta taka rawa, yayin da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki ya sa mutane ke da wuya su sami tsayayyiyar aikin da zai hana su aikata laifuka, kuma yayin da mutane da yawa ke sayen bindigogi suna kokawa da lafiyar kwakwalwarsu. Wasu malaman jami’o’i na zargin cewa rashin yarda da ‘yan sanda ya kara ta’azzara lamarin, inda mutane ke daukar gardama a hannunsu maimakon komawa ga jami’an tsaro.
Amma kuma, bari mu sanya bayanan cikin hangen nesa. A San Francisco, karuwar kashi 36 cikin 15 na kisan kai ya yi daidai da karin kisan kai 2021 a cikin 41 idan aka kwatanta da shekarar da ta gabata kafin barkewar cutar, lokacin da aka yi kisa 100,000. Ko da wannan tashin hankalin, San Francisco yana daya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin kisa na dukkan manyan biranen Amurka - kusan kashe mutane shida a cikin mutane 10 a bara, idan aka kwatanta da 100,000 cikin XNUMX a cikin irin wannan yawan jama'a Washington, DC.
Har ila yau, adadin tashin hankali na bindiga na San Francisco ba shi da kyau idan aka kwatanta da na wasu yankunan karkara, gami da waɗanda ke da ƙarin al'ada, lauyoyin gundumomi masu taurin kai. A cikin kwanan nan binciken, Cibiyar tunani ta Hanyoyi ta Uku ta gano cewa adadin kisan kai ya karu da kashi 40 bisa 25 a matsakaita a jihohi 128 da suka zabi Donald Trump a zaben da ya gabata idan aka kwatanta da jihohin da suka zabi Shugaba Biden. “Alal misali,” marubutan rahoton sun lura, “Jacksonville, birni mai magajin gari na Republican, ya sami ƙarin kisan kai 2020 a cikin XNUMX fiye da San Francisco, birni mai magajin gari na Democrat, duk da kwatankwacin yawan jama'arsu. A haƙiƙa, yawan kashe-kashen da aka yi a San Francisco's Kakakin Majalisar Nancy Pelosi ya kai rabin na Shugaban Jam'iyyar Republican Kevin McCarthy's Bakersfield, birni mai magajin gari na Republican wanda ya kada kuri'a ga Trump da gagarumin rinjaye. Amma duk da haka da kyar ake samun wasuwasi, balle a ce kururuwa, kan yadda ake yawan kashe-kashe a wadannan wurare da sauran wurare.”
"Idan akwai tashin hankali a cikin wasu nau'ikan laifuka, nan da nan za a zarge shi kan DAs na neman gyare-gyare," in ji Johnson Cibiyar Vera. "Duk da haka, inda DAs ke ci gaba da bin tsauraran dabarun aikata laifuka kuma laifuka ke karuwa, ba a yi musu tambayoyi iri ɗaya ba."
Boudin ba shine DA na farko da yayi kokarin rage yawan fursunoni ba.
Lokacin da Boudin ya hau kan karagar mulki a farkon shekarar 2020, ya yi kanun labarai na kasa don wasu jajirtattun manufofinsa marasa tushe. Makonni biyu da fara aikinsa, ya sanar cewa masu shigar da kara ba za su sake neman belin tsabar kudi ba, saboda ya ce tsarin beli na rashin adalci yana tsare mutane masu karamin karfi a gidan yari kafin a yi musu shari’a, ko ba su da laifi. Ga wasu ƙananan laifuffuka, ya kuma fara karkatar da ƙarin masu laifi zuwa wasu shirye-shirye kamar lafiyar hankali da maganin shaye-shaye, maimakon ƙoƙarin ɗaure su.
Boudin, duk da haka, ba shine lauyan gunduma na farko da ya gwada irin wannan manufofin ba - ba na ƙasa ba, kuma ba a San Francisco ba. Magabatansa George Gascón ya kuma yi kokarin rage yawan gidajen yari da gidajen yari a cikin birnin kafin ya koma Los Angeles. Kuma ba kamar Boudin ba ne wani laifuka, musamman ma masu tsanani. A cewar a San Francisco Chronicle review, yana tuhumar kashi mafi girma na shari'ar kisan kai da narcotic fiye da Gascón, da ƙananan kaso na ƙananan sata. Adadin cajinsa gabaɗaya ya kai kashi 48 cikin ɗari, maki shida kacal ya ragu da na Gascon a cikin 2018 da 2019 kuma kusan daidai da ƙimar Gascón a 2016 da 2017. (Boudin ya ce cutar ta wani bangare ne ke da alhakin ɗan bambance-bambance a cikin cajin sa da ƙimar yanke hukunci. : Coronavirus ya tilasta wa kotuna rufewa, rage jinkirin gwaji, sabbin dokokin California sun ba da damar karkatar da mutane da yawa daga tsarin gidan yari zuwa shirye-shiryen magani na dabam.)
A wajen California, wasu lauyoyin gundumomi sun bi irin wannan burin tsawon shekaru. A cikin Illinois, Lauyan Jihar Cook County Kim Foxx ta yi kokarin rage yawan mutanen da ake tsare da su tun lokacin da aka zabe ta a shekarar 2016, tun kafin Boudin ya fara yakin neman zabe. Kamar Boudin da Gascón, tana goyan bayan hana belin kuɗi kuma ta yi canje-canje don tsare mutane kaɗan a kurkuku kafin shari'a, yayin da kuma ke ba da fifikon shirye-shiryen karkatar da su. Lauyan gundumar Philadelphia Larry Krasner ne adam wata, wanda ya hau kan karagar mulki a shekarar 2018, ya yi yakin neman zabe a kan irin wadannan alkawurra kuma ya kuma nemi a yanke masa hukunci kan wasu laifuka. Daga Brooklyn zuwa Austin zuwa New Orleans, sauran masu gabatar da kara suna bin diddiginsu.
Irin wannan DAs a wasu wurare ba su haifar da tsalle cikin tashin hankali ba.
A zahiri, har zuwa matakan aikata laifuka, wasu daga cikin waɗannan DA sun bayyana suna yin aiki mafi kyau fiye da takwarorinsu na lauyoyi masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, bisa ga binciken da masana ilimi suka yi kwanan nan. Wannan albishir ne ga duk wanda ya damu da makomar lafiyar jama'a a karkashin Boudin.
Alal misali, Farfesa Christopher Stone na Jami'ar Oxford kwanan nan ya bincika matakan tashin hankali a Brooklyn, Chicago, St. Louis, da Philadelphia - garuruwan da manyan masu gabatar da kara suka yi aiki tun daga 2014, 2016, 2017, da 2018, bi da bi. "Ba wai kawai laifin tashin hankali ba ya tashi a karkashin masu gabatar da kara masu ci gaba fiye da karkashin tsohon mai gadi, amma a duk inda na duba. Masu gabatar da kara na ci gaba sun kasance suna jagorantar rage yawan raguwa ko ƙananan karuwar laifukan tashin hankali fiye da na yankunan da ke kewaye., ”Ya rubuta a watan Janairu.
A cikin wani jerin karatun, masana tattalin arziki da siyasa uku daga Jami'ar Texas A&M, Jami'ar Rutgers, da NYU lura cewa wasu masu gabatar da kara a yankin na Boston sun kasance masu sassauci fiye da wasu, suna watsi da wasu laifukan da ba su dace ba maimakon bin tuhume-tuhume, a salon da ya yi kama da na lauyoyin gundumomi masu ci gaba. Ta hanyar amfani da bayanan yanki daga 2000 zuwa 2018, masu binciken sun so su gano abin da ya faru da wadanda ake tuhuma "masu sa'a" wadanda suka fuskanci masu gabatar da kara na korar, da kuma ko rashin hukunta su ya sa su kara yin laifuka a cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa. Bai yi ba. Maimakon haka, waɗannan waɗanda ake tuhuma sun kasance Kashi 58 na ƙasa da ƙasa da za a kama shi da wani laifi fiye da sauran mutanen da masu gabatar da kara suka tuhume su da laifin farko.
"Akwai fa'idodin kare lafiyar jama'a don kasancewa mai sassauci, musamman ga waɗanda ake tuhuma ba tare da tashin hankali ba," in ji Jennifer Doleac, farfesa a fannin tattalin arziki a Texas A&M waɗanda suka rubuta binciken tare da Amanda Agan na Rutgers da Anna Harvey na NYU . Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da zai sa gurfanar da wani zai iya sa a sake kama su daga baya shi ne, zai iya kawo cikas ga rayuwarsu, ya tilasta musu su dauki lokaci don jin dadi da kuma taimakawa ga damuwa. Kuma ga waɗanda aka yanke wa hukunci, rikodin laifi na iya sa ya yi wahala samun aikin yi ko matsuguni.
"Mafi kyawun shaida ya zuwa yanzu… yana nuna cewa sauye-sauyen masu gabatar da kara ba su ne musabbabin hauhawar kisan kai da harbi ba."
Su uku na malaman sun yi nazarin adadin laifuka bayan tsohon Lauyan Lardi Rachael Rollins ne adam wata ta hau karagar mulki a gundumar Suffolk ta Boston a shekarar 2019. A matsayinta na mai ci gaba, ta na son ta daina gabatar da kara. jerin na laifuka 15 marasa tashin hankali, abubuwa kamar cin zarafi da mallakar muggan ƙwayoyi. "Ba mu sami wata shaida cewa wannan canjin manufofin ya haifar da hauhawar aikata laifuka," Doleac rubuta kwanan nan. Doleac da abokan aikinta a yanzu suna nazarin ko waɗancan sakamakon sun tabbata a wasu wurare, kuma ya zuwa yanzu sun bayyana cewa: A cikin gundumomi 35 na biranen ƙasar, masu binciken sun gano, adadin laifuffuka bai karu ba bayan masu gabatar da kara sun aiwatar da sauye-sauye na ci gaba kamar ci gaba da tsare su kafin a gurfanar da su gaban kotu. , ƙarin karkatar da su daga gidan yari, da ƙarancin hukunta ƙananan laifuka.
A halin yanzu, masanin laifuka na Jami'ar Fordham John Pfaff kwanan nan bincika Adadin kisan kai a cikin yankuna 69 a cikin 2020 kuma sun gano cewa kusan dukkaninsu sun kasance daidai ba tare da la'akari da ko mai gabatar da kara ko wani mai gabatar da kara na gargajiya ya jagoranci ba. A wata hanya, guguwar kisan gilla ta shafi kowane yanki na Amurka, daga jahohin ja zuwa shudi, daga karkara zuwa manyan birane. "A takaice dai, mafi kyawun shaida ya zuwa yanzu… yana nuna cewa sauye-sauyen masu gabatar da kara ba su ne musabbabin hauhawar kisan kai da harbi ba," Doleac ta rubuta game da bincikenta. "Manufofin [T] magaji na yanzu ba su da alama suna yin wani lahani - kuma a wasu lokuta suna nuna suna yin kyakkyawan aiki."
Wataƙila waɗannan DAs ɗin suna buƙatar ƙarin lokaci, ba ƙasa ba.
Kamar yadda San Franciscans ke yanke shawarar ko zai tuna da Boudin kuma ya rage lokacinsa, kimiyyar da alama tana nuna cewa shi da sauran DAs masu ci gaba ba su yi babban tasiri kan ƙimar aikata laifuka na ɗan lokaci ba. Yana da kyau a yi tunani, in ji Johnson Cibiyar Vera, wane irin tasirin da waɗannan lauyoyin za su yi kan adadin laifuka na dogon lokaci, shekaru da yawa a kan hanya, idan aka ba su damar ci gaba da aiki. "Waɗannan DAs suna neman mafita na dogon lokaci, ”in ji shi.
Zuba hannun jari a gidajen mutane, ilimi, lafiyar hankali, da maganin shaye-shaye yana taimaka wa al'ummomi su ƙirƙira yanayin da za su kasance cikin aminci cikin lokaci. Bugu da ƙari, lokacin da masu gabatar da kara suka yi laushi kan ƙananan laifuffuka, yana ba da ƙarin albarkatu don mayar da hankali kan magance kisan kai, fyade, da sauran laifukan da suka fi tsada ga al'umma.
Gundumomi a fadin kasar sun riga sun bar masu gabatar da kara da 'yan siyasa masu tsaurin ra'ayi su jagoranci shekaru da dama. Wadannan jami'ai sun taimaka wajen shimfida harsashi a halin yanzu, suna yin watsi da gina hanyar sadarwar zamantakewar jama'a wacce za ta iya kiyaye mutane daidai lokacin bala'i, da kuma saka hannun jari sosai a sassan 'yan sanda da gidajen yari (inda ƙwayoyin cuta ke bazuwa kamar wutar daji). Shi kuwa Boudin ya hau mulki kasa da shekaru uku da suka wuce. Menene zai iya cim ma shi da sauran DAs masu ci gaba idan, maimakon yaƙi da zaɓen, an ba su adadin lokaci ɗaya don tabbatar da kansu?
Motsi mai gabatar da kara na ci gaba "sabon sabon sauyi ne, a mafi yawan lokuta," in ji Deleac na Texas A&M, lura da cewa wasu masu gyara DAs sun fara aiki jim kadan kafin barkewar cutar. Tana fatan yin nazarin tasirin manufofinsu na dogon lokaci-da tsammanin za a iya sake zaɓe su. “Abu ne da ni da sauran mutane za mu kalla, tabbas. Za mu buƙaci ƙarin lokaci, wannan shine ainihin abin da ya faru. "
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Bada Tallafi