Source: Gaskiya
A cikin kwanaki uku na farko na kan karagar mulki, Shugaba Joe Biden ya rattaba hannu a kasa da odar zartarwa da kasidu 30, wadanda yawancinsu ke wargaza manufofin Trump. Wannan nasara ce mai ban sha'awa ta kowace ma'auni, amma kawai za a iya yin shi tare da umarnin zartarwa kuma yana da tabbas cewa yawancin dokokin za a toshe su daga 'yan majalisar dattijai na Republican, godiya ga filibuster, kuma tare da taimakon wasu 'yan Democrat. A halin da ake ciki, Biden ya ba da shawarar dala tiriliyan 1.9 ga tattalin arzikin da ke fama da cutar Coronavirus wanda ya haɗa da, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, bincike na agaji na uku, faɗaɗa fa'idodin rashin aikin yi, ware dala biliyan 400 don shirin rigakafin ƙasa baki ɗaya, faɗaɗa kuɗin harajin yara da haɓaka. mafi ƙarancin albashi zuwa $15 a kowace awa. Mutum na iya cewa shirin tattalin arzikin Biden yana da wahayi daga Sabuwar yarjejeniyar FDR saboda ba a taɓa gabatar da wani abu makamancin sa a lokacin zaman lafiya ba. Amma menene ainihin ma'anar wannan shirin tattalin arziki ga gidaje, kasuwanci da canjin yanayi? Menene tasirin wannan kara kuzari kan basussukan jama'a? Kuma yaya game da sake fasalin fannin hada-hadar kudi, wanda ke ci gaba da samun riba mai yawa yayin da miliyoyin Amurkawa ke kokawa? Masana tattalin arziki guda biyu masu ci gaba, Robert Pollin da Gerald Epstein, darektoci na Cibiyar Nazarin Tattalin Arzikin Siyasa a Jami'ar Massachusetts da ke Amherst, sun gabatar da wasu tambayoyin a wata tattaunawa ta musamman. Truthout.
CJ Polychroniou: Bob, barkewar cutar, ban da kashe Amurkawa sama da 400,000 ya zuwa yanzu, godiya ga rashin kulawar da Trump ya yi, ya yi tasiri sosai ga tattalin arzikin Amurka: rufewar kasuwanci, rashin aikin yi mai yawa, raguwar yawan kayayyakin cikin gida, karuwa a cikin nau'ikan rashin daidaituwa. Babu shakka, tare da waɗannan abubuwan da ke damun gaske, Joe Biden ya fitar da wani shirin tattalin arziƙi don yaƙar COVID-19 da dawo da ƙasar kan turba wanda, a cewar manazarta da yawa, an yi wahayi daga Sabuwar yarjejeniyar FDR. Shin za ku iya yin ɗan magana game da shirin tattalin arziƙin Biden kuma ku ba da ƙimar ku tare da takamaiman batun yadda zai tallafawa mutane, gidaje da kasuwanci ta hanyar cutar?
Robert Pollin: Gwamnatin Biden ta bullo da wani shirin kara kuzari na gajeren lokaci na dala tiriliyan 1.9. Ya yi niyya ga manyan wurare guda shida na kashewa: $1,400 a cikin kuɗin kuɗi ga mutanen da kuɗin shiga bai kai dala 75,000 ba; $400 a kowane mako a cikin ƙarin inshorar rashin aikin yi ga ma'aikatan da aka sallama; babban tallafi ga gwamnatocin jahohi da na kananan hukumomi wadanda a halin yanzu ke zuba ido, a hade, kan gibin kasafin kudi na dala biliyan 500 ko fiye; babban haɓakar kashe kuɗi akan rarraba rigakafin COVID; da kuma faɗaɗa kuɗin haraji ga iyalai da yara.
Jimillar fakitin ya kai kusan kashi 9 cikin ɗari na gabaɗayan ayyukan tattalin arziƙin - watau babban kayan cikin gida (GDP). Wannan shirin na Biden zai kasance a saman ma'aunin dala biliyan 900 - daidai da kusan kashi 4 na GDP - wanda Majalisa da gwamnatin Trump suka zartar a watan Disamba, da kuma kunshin dala tiriliyan 2 - daidai da kashi 10 na GDP - wato aiwatar da watan Maris da ya gabata. Don haka, idan shawarar Biden ta wuce, yana nufin cewa a cikin watanni 10 da suka gabata, haɓakar gwamnatin tarayya zai ƙara kusan kashi 23 na GDP. Kuma a saman wannan, tun Maris, Tarayyar Tarayya tana da saya sama da dala tiriliyan 3 a cikin lamuni - kashi 74 cikin ɗari sun karu akan hannun jarin da suka mallaka tun a watan Fabrairun da ya gabata - daga kamfanonin Wall Street don ba da belin su da kuma ci gaba da tura kuɗin ruwa a kan jinginar gida, lamunin kasuwanci da lamunin gwamnati.
Gabaɗaya, wannan matakin haɓakar tattalin arziƙin tun lokacin da cutar ta COVID-25 ta bazu cikin Maris ɗin da ya gabata - wanda zai kai sama da kashi ɗaya bisa uku na jimlar GDP idan shawarar Biden ta wuce - ta kasance a tarihi ba a taɓa ganin irinta ba a lokacin zaman lafiya. Matakin kwatankwacin matakin da gwamnati ta yi shi ne lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, lokacin da gibin da gwamnati ke kashewa ya kai kashi XNUMX na GDP. Amma, ba shakka, wannan kashe-kashen ya mayar da hankali ne kan yaƙin yaƙin duniya.
Maganar, duk da haka, ita ce, wannan matakin na kashe kuɗin jama'a da aka haɗa a cikin shawarwarin Biden na yanzu yana da cikakkiyar mahimmanci kuma, don wannan batu, ba zai wadatar ba idan aka yi la'akari da tsananin rikicin tattalin arzikin da ake ciki. A cikin watanni tara da suka gabata, Mutane miliyan 74 ne suka shigar da kara don samun inshorar rashin aikin yi. Wannan daidai yake da cikakken kashi 45 na ma'aikatan Amurka. A halin da ake ciki, kamar na bayanan baya-bayan nan, kusan kashi 20 cikin 24 na dukkan gidajen Amurka da yara suna ba da rahoton cewa iyalansu ba su da isasshen abinci a cikin makon da ya gabata. Wannan adadi ya haura zuwa kashi XNUMX na gidajen Amurkawa na Afirka. Hakazalika, 26 kashi na magidanta da ke da yara sun ba da rahoton cewa ba za su iya ci gaba da biyan hayarsu ba. A cikin duk wannan, Dow-Jones Industrial Average index index ya tashi mai ban mamaki 68 kashi tun lokacin da shirin farko na kara kuzari ya wuce a cikin Maris, godiya ga duka abubuwan kara kuzari da tallafin Fed da suka samu nasarar haɓaka Wall Street.
Yaƙi da canjin yanayi da alama yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan manufofin gwamnatin Biden. Ta yaya shirin Biden ya kwatanta da Green New Deal, musamman nau'in "tattalin arzikin kore" da kuka yi ta gwagwarmaya sama da shekaru goma yanzu?
Pollin: Haɗin allurar kashe kuɗin gwamnati tun daga Maris ɗin da ya gabata - jimlar kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk abin da ake kashewa a cikin tattalin arziƙin idan shawarar Biden ta yanzu ta wuce - kar a haɗa dime ɗaya don magance rikicin yanayi. Wannan shine lokacin da muka san hakan 2020 ita ce shekara ta biyu mafi zafi da aka yi rikodin. Biden ya jaddada cewa zai dauki manyan matakai don magance matsalar sauyin yanayi. Musamman, ya ce zai gabatar da wani babban shiri wanda zai jagoranci hannun jarin jama'a nan ba da jimawa ba, wanda zai wuce kuma sama da matakin kara kuzari na gajeren lokaci don yakar COVID da koma bayan tattalin arziki.
A ranar Laraba, Biden ya rattaba hannu kan wasu jerin umarni na zartarwa wadanda za su, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, dakatar da hayar mai da iskar gas a filayen gwamnatin tarayya, da mika hannun jarin gwamnatin tarayya na motoci da manyan motoci zuwa wani jirgin ruwa mai amfani da wutar lantarki, da kuma samar da wani kuduri na tabbatar da adalci a muhalli. manufofin gwamnatin tarayya da za su "magance rashin daidaituwar tasirin lafiya, muhalli, tattalin arziki da sauyin yanayi akan al'ummomin da ba su da galihu.” Mafi yawa, umarnin sauyin yanayi na Biden ya sa gwamnatinsa ta matsar da Amurka kan "hanyar da ba za ta iya jurewa ba zuwa tattalin arzikin sifili nan da 2050."
Koyaya, a mafi yawan lokuta, Biden har yanzu bai fitar da cikakken shirinsa na cimma burin fitar da sifili ba. A yanzu, har yanzu muna buƙatar duba abin da Biden ya ba da shawara yayin yakin neman zaben shugaban kasa a matsayin jagora. Wannan ya haɗa da duka wasu tabbatacce da kuma wasu maƙasudai marasa kyau. A gefe mai kyau, na farko, gabaɗayan matakin kashe kuɗin saka hannun jari da Biden ya ba da shawarar isar da tattalin arziƙin sifili nan da 2050 ya yi daidai da abin da ni, da sauran masu bincike, na nuna ya zama dole. Wannan shine kusan kashi 2-3 na GDP a kowace shekara har sai mun gina kayan aikin makamashi mai tsabta a cikin Amurka, tare da ba da gudummawa ta babbar hanya don gina shi a duk faɗin duniya. A cikin shekaru biyu masu zuwa, wannan yana nufin kusan dala biliyan 400 a kowace shekara a cikin saka hannun jari a cikin Amurka kaɗai, gami da na masu zaman kansu da na jama'a.
Shawarar yakin neman zaben Biden ta kuma fahimci gaskiyar cewa gina tattalin arzikin makamashi mai tsafta zai zama babbar sabuwar hanyar samar da ayyukan yi a duk fadin tattalin arzikin, ga mutanen da ke aiki a kowane irin ayyuka. A cikin wannan tsarin, Biden ya jaddada cewa kungiyoyin kwadago za su bukaci taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da cewa ayyukan da aka samar - sama da sabbin ayyuka miliyan 4 gaba daya a cikin shekarun farko - za su kasance ayyuka masu inganci, tare da ingantaccen albashi. fa'idodi da yanayin aiki, da kuma cewa mata da mutane masu launi sun haɗa da samun rabonsu na gaskiya na waɗannan sabbin damar da aka samar. A ƙarshe, shawarar yaƙin neman zaɓe na Biden ya haɗa da manufofin miƙa mulki kawai don tallafawa ma'aikata, da kuma iyalansu da al'ummominsu, waɗanda yanzu suka dogara da masana'antar mai, kwal da iskar gas don rayuwarsu. Biden ya kuma sake jaddada wannan mayar da hankali kan samar da ingantattun ayyukan yi na kungiyar a cikin umarnin Laraba. Ya zuwa yanzu, yana da kyau.
Ya kamata Fed ya gano yadda za ta taka rawar gani wajen taimakawa wajen samar da kudaden canjin Green, da kuma taimakawa wajen samar da tallafi da ababen more rayuwa ga cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi na jama'a.
A gefen ƙasa, shirin yaƙin neman zaɓe na Biden yana ba da fifiko ga abin da ake kira fasahar kama carbon da makamashin nukiliya a matsayin manyan sabbin hanyoyin samar da makamashin sifili. Karkashin fasahar kama carbon, muna ci gaba da kona kwal, mai da iskar gas don samar da makamashi, amma fasahar ta shafi zahiri daukar carbon kafin ya shiga sararin samaniya, da kuma jigilar shi zuwa manyan wuraren ajiya na karkashin kasa, mai yiwuwa ya kasance a can har abada. Kamfanonin mai suna son wannan ra'ayin, tunda yana kiyaye su cikin kasuwanci. Amma a mafi kyau, fasahar ta kasance ba a tabbatar da ita ba a sikelin kasuwanci, duk da shekarun da suka gabata na ƙoƙarin kamfanonin da ke matukar son yin aiki. Makaman nukiliya kuma yana gabatar da manyan matsalolin tsaro na jama'a da kuma tsada sosai, duk da cewa ya yi aiki a matsayin tushen wutar lantarki shekaru 60 yanzu.
Muna buƙatar nace cewa cibiyar shirin sauyin yanayi na Biden shine saka hannun jari don faɗaɗa samar da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai tsafta - gami da hasken rana, iska, geothermal, ƙaramar ruwa da ƙarancin hayaki - tare da saka hannun jari don haɓaka ingantaccen makamashi. ma'auni tare da jigilar jama'a, motocin lantarki da ke gudana akan makamashi mai sabuntawa da ginin sifili na makamashi. Wannan ita ce hanya mafi tsafta, mafi arha kuma mafi aminci don isar da tattalin arzikin sifiri, da yin hakan ta hanyar da za ta faɗaɗa damar aiki sosai.
Jerry, shirin Biden na tada tattalin arzikin yana da wasu mutane da suka damu saboda tabbas zai kara yawan basussukan jama'a, kodayake Sakatariyar Baitulmali Janet Yellen ta yi watsi da batun bashin a cikin karar da ta tabbatar. Shin akwai bukatar a damu da gibi da karuwar basussukan jama'a lokacin da tattalin arzikin kasa ya yi rauni kuma miliyoyin Amurkawa ke kokawa? Haka kuma, ta yaya za ku tantance martanin Tarayyar Tarayya game da rikicin COVID-19 ya zuwa yanzu, kuma menene kuma Fed zai iya yi don farfado da tattalin arzikin Amurka?
Gerald Epstein: Kasashe masu arziki, musamman irin su Amurka wadanda ke iya karbar bashi a gida da waje cikin sauki a cikin kudinta (dalar Amurka ita ce babbar kudin duniya), suna da karfin rancen kudi don ciyar da jama'a. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman lokacin da farashin rancen kuɗi (ƙididdigar riba) ya yi ƙasa da yuwuwar dawowar saka hannun jari, kamar yadda aka auna, alal misali, ta ƙimar ci gaban tattalin arziki. Kuma a yanzu, yawan kudin ruwa na Amurka kan bashin gwamnati yana cikin ƙananan matakan tarihi, ƙasa da kashi 1 cikin ɗari a lokuta da yawa. Masana tattalin arziki na Keynesian da masu ci gaba sun dade da fahimtar wannan gaskiyar, amma an dauki manyan rikice-rikicen tattalin arziki guda biyu a cikin shekaru kadan fiye da shekaru goma don shawo kan ko da masana tattalin arziki masu sassaucin ra'ayi da masu tsara manufofin Demokaradiyya. Tabbas, 'yan Republican, aƙalla tun daga Reagan, sun fahimci cewa, lokacin da suke kan mulki, ya kamata gwamnati ta ci bashi mai yawa don samar da kudaden rage haraji ga masu arziki da kuma tallafi ga yankunan dabbobin su, sannan su zama masu tayar da hankali a lokacin da suke da kudi. 'Yan jam'iyyar Democrat suna da ikon toshe manufofinsu da farin jininsu. Kuma tabbas, gaskiya ne don samarwa, shine ainihin abin da Mitch McConnell da 'yan Republican ke yi a yanzu dangane da ayyukan kashe kuɗi na Biden. Kuma, kamar yadda aka saba, wasu daga cikin 'yan Democrat masu ra'ayin mazan jiya suna yin la'akari da waɗannan maganganun Republican.
Yana da mahimmanci a lura cewa wannan ƙarfin da za a iya tafiyar da kasawa da bashi ba cikakke ba ne; yana da kyau a yi amfani da shi don taimakawa wajen samun cikakken aikin yi, don magance lafiyar ƙasa da sauran abubuwan gaggawa, don saka hannun jari a cikin canjin kore da ingantaccen tallafi ga matalauta, mutane masu launi da masu aiki. Kuma yawancin waɗannan makasudin ne gwamnatin Biden da shugabancin Demokraɗiyya a Majalisa ke ƙoƙarin cimmawa da shirye-shiryen kashe kuɗinsu. (Hakika, suna ci gaba da ba da shawarar kashe kuɗi da yawa akan sojoji, haka nan.)
Dole ne tsarin kasuwanci na farko ya zama share hukumomin da ke kula da manyan bindigogi da aka hayar banki da na gwamnatin Trump da maye gurbinsu da ƙwararrun shugabanni masu ci gaba.
Kudaden kuɗi na rance dangane da babban darajar kashe kuɗin da ya dace yana nuna wauta ta ƙarancin phobia. A matsayin Ofishin Budget na Majalisa (CBO) bayanin kula, "Ruwan da gwamnati ke biya kan basussukan da jama'a ke rike da su ya ragu a matsayin kashi na GDP, duk da cewa bashin ya haura zuwa manyan matakan tarihi." A lokuta da ba kasafai ba, yawan riba akan wasu basussukan gwamnatin Amurka sun tafi mara kyau! A gaskiya ma, fitar da sha'awa a yanzu shine kusan kashi 1.5 na GDP idan aka kwatanta da kusan kashi 3 a lokacin shugabancin Ronald Reagan. Idan aka dubi gaba, CBO tana aiwatar da cewa, ko da ribar riba ta haura fiye da yadda suke tsammani, biyan riba mai tsafta a matsayin kashi 3 na GDP zai haura kasa da kashi 1 cikin dari, matsakaicin Reagan, kuma idan farashin riba ya kasance a inda suke a yanzu. , sannan kudaden ruwa na gwamnati zai ragu zuwa kashi XNUMX cikin dari na GDP, duk da karuwar rancen da gwamnati ke ci gaba da yi.
Tabbas, da yawa kuma za su dogara da abin da Tarayyar Tarayya ke yi. Fed, kamar babban bankin Turai da sauran manyan bankunan kasar masu arziki, sun yi alkawarin rage yawan kudin ruwa yayin rikicin. Fiye da haka, Babban Bankin Tarayya, a cikin wani shiri mai mahimmanci, ya sanar da cewa za su yi kokarin rage yawan kudin ruwa ko da a cikin yanayin karuwar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki don inganta matakan aiki, musamman a tsakanin ma'aikata, ciki har da ma'aikatan da ba farar fata ba. , wadanda galibi ake daukar su aiki na karshe. Manufar da masu fafutuka da masana tattalin arziki masu ci gaba suka dade suna gabatarwa, wannan manufar za ta iya ba da gudummawa sosai wajen fitar da ma'aikata da yawa daga kangin talauci tare da taimakawa wajen haɓaka ƙwarewar aikinsu da ƙwarewarsu. Hujja a cikin pudding a nan za ta kasance a cikin aiwatarwa, tun da muna iya zama mai nisa don haɓaka hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a cikin tattalin arzikinmu mai tawayar.
Baya ga wannan canji na tsarin manufofin, Tarayyar Tarayya ta faɗaɗa sayayyar kadarorin kuɗi (Quntitative easing [QE]) da kuma kafa wuraren ba da lamuni na musamman, waɗanda aka tsara don taimakawa kasuwanci da bankuna (ciki har da kuɗaɗen shinge da kuɗaɗe masu zaman kansu), kasuwannin kuɗi. gabaɗaya, ƙananan kamfanoni da ƙananan hukumomi. Dangane da QE, tsakanin tsakiyar Maris da farkon Disamba, Fed's portfolio of Securities ya karu da $ 2.7 tiriliyan. Gabaɗaya tallafi ga kasuwannin kuɗi ta hanyar yin alkawarin ba da rance ga cibiyoyin kuɗi, tallafawa kuɗin kasuwancin kuɗi, tallafawa kasuwannin repo, da sauransu sun yi yawa. Misali, tana bayar da tallafin dala tiriliyan 2 a kan ci gaba. Fed ya kasance mai ƙarfi sosai tare da goyan bayan gwamnatin jiha da na birni: ya kafa sharuddan da suka yi yawa wanda kadan ne suka aro.
Ci gaba, Fed ya kamata ya ci gaba da yin aiki tare tare da manufofin kasafin kudi na gwamnatin Biden. Wataƙila wannan haɗin gwiwar za a inganta tare da Janet Yellen, tsohuwar shugabar Fed, a matsayin sakatariyar baitulmali. Amma ban da haka, ya kamata Fed ta sake farfado da wurare na musamman, irin su wurin ba da lamuni na jihohi da na gundumomi da wuraren ba da lamuni na kananan sana'o'i, tare da sauƙaƙa sharuɗɗan da kayan aikin cikin sauƙin amfani. Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci, Fed ya kamata ya gano yadda za ta taka rawar gani a bangarori biyu: taimakawa wajen samar da kudade ga Green Transition, da kuma taimakawa wajen samar da tallafi da kayayyakin more rayuwa ga cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi na jama'a, kamar bankunan gwamnati, bankunan al'umma, da dai sauransu. Fed ya kashe tiriliyan biliyan don belin bankunan Wall Street. Yanzu ya kamata ta sake daidaita kanta don tallafawa banki ga sauran mu.
Biden da wasu daga cikin mutanen da ke kusa da shi sun ba da shawarar cewa akwai buƙatar tsauraran matakan sa ido kan titin Wall Street. Wane irin garambawul na kuɗi ne a zahiri ya zama dole don tauye matsananciyar matsananciyar haɗarin Wall Street ta yadda ba za a sake maimaita rikicin kuɗi na 2007-08 ba?
Epstein: Kamar yadda kuka sani, babban dalilin da ya haifar da babban rikicin hada-hadar kudi na 2007-2008 shine halin rashin kulawa na manyan bankunan Amurka (da wasu kasashen waje) da tsarin tsarin hada-hadar kudi na masu ba da lamuni, hukumomin kididdiga da sauran cibiyoyin hada-hadar kudi suka samar. wadannan ayyuka na kudi masu lalata. Duk waɗannan halaye masu lalata sun sami damar masu kula da kuɗi irin su Alan Greenspan, shugaban Babban Bankin Tarayya, da ’yan siyasa waɗanda, ko dai don dalilai na akida ko na kuɗi (ko duka biyun), sun yunƙura don warware matsalar kuɗi a cikin 1980s da 90s, sannan suka biya. babu hankali kamar yadda babban haɗarin da aka gina a cikin sashin kuɗi.
Wannan dogaro ga manyan masu hannu da shuni zai kasance ci gaba da kawo cikas ga sake fasalin kudi da gaske don yiwa al'umma hidima.
Duk ya zo faduwa a cikin 2008 da 2009, wanda ya haifar da fiye da haka Dalar Amurka tiriliyan 14 ta lalace ga tattalin arzikin kasar kuma ana buƙata gwargwadon ƙiyatawa Dala tiriliyan 29 daga masu biyan haraji. Tabarbarewar harkokin kudi ta kwace ma’aikata (da yawa daga cikinsu mutane masu launin fata) daga dukiyoyinsu amma kawai arzikinsu - gidajensu - kuma ya haifar da dogon lokaci na ci gaban tattalin arziki da yawan fushin siyasa. Dangane da rikicin, a cikin 2009, gwamnatin Obama da Majalisa sun zartar da wata babbar doka ta tsarin kuɗi da aka sani da Dokar Dodd-Frank. Gwamnatin Obama, karkashin jagorancin Sakataren Baitulmali Timothy Geithner, an tura ta harba da kururuwa ta sabbin masu fafutukar kawo sauyi na kudi da kungiyoyin kwadago wadanda suka shafi Amurkawa don Gyaran Kudi (AFR), Kasuwanni masu Kyau da masu ci gaba a Capitol Hill don zartar da tsarin kudi tare da hakora na gaske. Dokar ta kasance sasantawa tsakanin waɗannan rundunonin da masu sha'awar masana'antar hada-hadar kuɗi waɗanda ke da wadataccen aiki tare da Geithner da Obama amma suna da wasu haƙora: babban jari, haɓakawa da buƙatun ruwa akan manyan bankuna; ƙa'ida mai mahimmanci a karon farko na abubuwan da suka samo asali kamar swaps tsoho na bashi, wanda Warren Buffett ya kira makaman hallaka; iyakance ayyukan hasashe na bankuna (wanda ake kira prop-trading) ta hanyar Dokar Volcker; ƙuntata ikon ƴan kasuwa na kuɗi don ci gaba da samun lamuni mara kyau daga cinikai masu ɓarna (bonus claw-backs), ƙirƙirar gasa ga hukumomin ƙididdiga kamar S&P da Moody's; ƙirƙirar tsari don daidaita tsarin "tsarin banki na inuwa"; sanya wasu iyakoki akan hasashen kayayyaki; Ƙirƙirar sabon kwamitin kula da harkokin kuɗi - Majalisar Kula da Ƙididdiga ta Kuɗi (FSOC) - wanda sakataren baitulmali ya jagoranta tare da shugabannin kwamitocin kula da harkokin kuɗi; kuma na ƙarshe amma nesa ba kusa ba, ƙirƙirar sabon Ofishin Kariyar Kuɗi na Masu amfani (CFPB), ƙwaƙƙwaran Elizabeth Warren, wanda aka ƙera don kare masu amfani daga cin zarafi da zamba.
Tsarin Dodd-Frank yana da matsala sosai: babban kuskure shine ya buɗe cikakkun bayanai na yawancin tanade-tanadensa zuwa aiwatar da doka ta ƙarshe ta hukumomin gudanarwa daban-daban, don haka yana ba da dama mai yawa ga masu fafutuka na kuɗi don lalata mahimman dokoki. Duk da wannan, wasu mahimmin tanadi sun kasance masu ƙarfi, gami da babban jari, yawan ruwa da buƙatun amfani, ƙa'idodin abubuwan haɓakawa, ɓangarori na Dokar Volcker akan cinikin talla da ƙirƙirar CFPB.
Tare da zaben Trump, dakaru na ma'aikatan banki na mega da bindigogin da aka yi hayar su sun cika jerin hukumomin da suka dace kuma suka fara kai hari kan Dodd-Frank. Da yawa amma manyan bankunan an keɓe su daga mafi ƙarfin buƙatun babban birnin, an shayar da dokokin ƙayyadaddun abubuwa, FSOC ta dakatar da tsarinta na kamfanoni masu haɗari masu haɗari na kuɗi da tsarin banki na inuwa, ya lalata CFPB, da ƙari. Ba su sami ikon kawar da ƙarin hani akan manyan bankunan ba, amma sun bar tambarin yatsu akan raunana tilastawa da ƙarin lalurori kusan ko'ina (duba Kasuwanni mafi Kyau).
Don haka, menene yakamata gwamnatin Biden ta yi? Kamar yadda yake da sauran bangarori na siyasa, kawai maido da manufofin Obama, ko da yake a wasu lokuta mataki na hanya mai kyau, ba zai wadatar ba. Daga cikin kyawawan ra'ayoyin da aka ƙi a cikin 2009 kuma ya kamata a aiwatar da su a yanzu sun haɗa da: wargaza manyan bankunan ta hanyar kafa iyakokin girman kadari ko kafa dokar "Glass-Steagall" na karni na 21 don raba kasuwanci da bankin zuba jari; kawo duk cibiyoyin kuɗi, ciki har da masu zaman kansu masu zaman kansu, kudaden shinge, fintech (tsarin banki na inuwa) a karkashin tsauraran tsari da kulawa; tsarin sarrafa kayayyakin kuɗi don tabbatar da cewa sabbin samfuran kuɗi suna da aminci da inganci; samar da filin wasa na goyon baya ga al'umma da kuma bankunan da suka dace da jama'a, musamman wadanda ke hidima ga al'ummomin da ba a yi musu hidima ba da kuma masu launi.
Amma don kowane irin wannan ya faru, tsarin farko na kasuwanci dole ne ya zama share hukumomin kula da manyan bindigogi da aka yi hayar banki da na gwamnatin Trump da maye gurbin su da ƙwararrun shugabanni masu ci gaba da membobin manyan hukumomin kula da harkokin kuɗi, gami da Securities. da Exchange Commission (SEC), the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), Office of Comptroller of Currency (OCC), CFPB da Federal Reserve.
Ya zuwa yanzu, gwamnatin Biden tana nuna gaurayawan farawa a wannan batun. Biden ya zabi Gary Gensler, tsohon ma'aikacin banki na Goldman Sachs-wanda ya zama mai kula da harkokin kudi, wanda ya kasance shugaban CFTC a karkashin Obama. Yawancin masu ci gaba sun amince da shi sosai, ciki har da Elizabeth Warren. "Shi mutum ne mai tsaurin ra'ayi wanda ya tsaya tsayin daka ga titan masana'antar don yin tasiri kan halayensu masu haɗari," in ji Massachusetts Democrat. "Zai kasance kyakkyawan shugaban SEC yayin wannan rikicin tattalin arzikin." Biden ta kuma zabi Rohit Chopra, wanda ya taimaka Warren ya kafa CFPB kuma ya dace da manufofinta, don zama shugabar CFPB. A gefe guda kuma, Biden [ana] jita-jita [yana yin la'akari] tsohon jami'in Obama Michael S. Barr don jagorantar babbar hukumar gudanarwa, OCC, ɗayan mafi ƙarfi na hukumomin gudanarwa. Masu ci gaba An tura ga Mehrsa Baradaran, farfesa a fannin shari'a kuma kwararre a harkar banki da banki ga al'ummomi matalauta da masu launi.
Hanya daya tilo da za a aiwatar da shirye-shiryen tattalin arziki masu kawo sauyi na gaske ita ce masu ci gaba su yi gwagwarmaya sosai a gare su a yanzu da kuma cikin watanni masu zuwa.
Sannan akwai muhimmiyar rawar da Janet Yellen ta taka a matsayin sakatariyar baitulmali. Yellen, ba shakka, ta fi wanda ya riga ta ci gaba sosai. Amma masana'antar hada-hadar kudi har yanzu tana da babban karfin siyasa akan Biden, Kamala Harris da 'yan Democrat. Bayar da rahoto kan iyakar ƙanƙara kawai, a cewar Cibiyar Harkokin Siyasa mai ba da amsa, kwamitocin ayyukan siyasa (PACs) sun tara sama da dala miliyan 227 ga Biden-Harris, dala miliyan 148 waɗanda ke da alaƙa da buƙatun kuɗi. Idan aka yi la’akari da kuɗaɗen Biden gabaɗaya, kuɗi, inshora da sashin gidaje sun kashe dala miliyan 202, kaɗan a bayan ƙungiyoyin masu sassaucin ra'ayi waɗanda suka tara har dala miliyan 294 don bin akida / batutuwan guda ɗaya. A gaskiya ma, adadin da masana'antun suka kashe ya fi dala miliyan 117 da aka kashe a takarar shugabancin Hillary Clinton na 2016. Wannan ya bambanta da yaƙin neman zaɓe na 2020 na Donald Trump, wanda kuɗin kuɗi, inshora da sashin gidaje “kawai” ya kashe dala miliyan 84. Hakazalika, 'yan majalisar dattawa da na Democrat suma suna karbar makudan kudade daga kudi. Alkaluman zaben 2020 sun nuna cewa PACs 425 na kudi, inshora da bangaren gidaje sun ba da gudummawar dala miliyan 34 ga ‘yan jam’iyyar Democrat, dan kadan kasa da dala miliyan 42 da suka ba ‘yan Republican.
Wannan dogaro ga manyan masu hannu da shuni zai kasance ci gaba da kawo cikas ga da gaske sake daidaita kudi don yiwa al'umma hidima, maimakon ci gaba kamar yadda aka saba.
Tambaya ɗaya ta ƙarshe ga ku biyu: Ta yaya masu ci gaba za su tabbatar da cewa Biden ya kawo ƙarshen “kasuwanci kamar yadda aka saba,” wanda shine dabarun gwamnatin Obama kuma tabbas yana da alhakin hawan Donald Trump kan mulki?
Pollin: A gaskiya, babu abin da za a iya tabbatarwa. Amma muna iya kusan tabbata cewa gwamnatin Biden na iya shiga cikin sauƙi cikin tsarin neoliberal na Clintonite na ba da damar Big Capital - gami da Wall Street da gungun kamfanonin mai - don kiran harbi. Hanya daya tilo da za a iya hana hakan, da kuma samar da shirye-shiryen tattalin arziki masu kawo sauyi na gaske, ita ce masu ci gaba su yi musu fada sosai a yanzu da kuma cikin watanni masu zuwa.
Epstein: Don bin diddigin tattaunawar da na yi a baya, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa da yawa, cibiyoyi masu ci gaba dole ne su kara ba da goyon baya da kulawa ga bin da kuma kokarin yin tasiri ga muhimman bayanai na manufofin gwamnati da tsarin gwamnati. Dangane da sake fasalin kuɗi, alal misali, akwai ƙungiyoyi kaɗan waɗanda ke da ƙananan albarkatun kuɗi waɗanda ke ƙoƙarin sa ido da taimakawa tasirin waɗannan mahimman abubuwa, amma ɗan ƙaramin al'amurran fasaha: misali, Americans For Financial Reform, Better Markets, Public Citizens, da Cibiyar Ba da Lamuni Mai Alhaki, da wasu 'yan kaɗan. Ya kamata cibiyoyi masu ci gaba da samar da kudade da daidaikun mutane su tashi tsaye don tabbatar da cewa wadannan cibiyoyi da sauran su suna da kudaden da za su yi aiki a matsayin masu sa ido da masu ba da shawara don tinkarar makudan kudade da karfin kudi a cikin wadannan fadace-fadace.
An shirya wannan hirar da sauƙi don tsabta.
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