An tura shi yankin Houston don taimakawa ayyukan agaji na Hurricane Harvey, sojojin sojojin Amurka ba su ma gama aikin su ba yayin da aka tura su da sauri zuwa Florida, Puerto Rico, da tsibirin tsibirin Amurka don fuskantar Irma, guguwa mai karfin gaske da aka taba rubutawa a cikin Tekun Atlantika. Gwamnan Florida Rick Scott, wanda ya aike da membobin Rundunar Tsaron Kasa don lalacewar Houston, cikin damuwa ya tuna su yayin sanya matakan gaggawa don jiharsa. Smallan ƙaramin jirgin ruwa na jiragen ruwa, waɗanda aka fara aika su zuwa ruwa a Texas, su ma haka lamarin yake sakewa zuwa Caribbean, yayin da aka kwantar da rundunonin yaƙi na musamman daga nesa har zuwa Colorado, Illinois, da tsibirin Rhode zuwa Puerto Rico da Virgin Islands. A halin yanzu, membobin Nationalungiyar Tsaron Kasa ta California sun kasance ana shirin taro don yaƙar dabbobin daji da ke yawo a waccan jihar (kamar yadda yawancin Yamma) a lokacin bazara mafi zafi a kan rikodin.
Yi tunanin wannan a matsayin sabuwar fuskar tsaron mahaifarta: dauke da lalacewar tekun Amurka, gandun daji, da sauran wurare masu haɗari waɗanda al'amuran yanayi suka haifar da ƙari. akai-akai da halakarwa godiya ga canjin yanayi. Wannan “yaƙi” ce da ba za ta sami suna ba - har yanzu, ba a cikin zamanin Trump ba, amma hakan ba zai zama da gaske ba. An horar da “wutar wuta ta gwamnatin tarayya” a kan Harvey, kamar yadda William Brock Long, mai kula da Hukumar Ba da Agajin Gaggawa ta Tarayya (FEMA), saka shi a cikin furci mai ban tsoro na wannan hanyar yaƙi. Amma kar a yi tsammanin wani jami'in sojan da ke da hannu a cikin irin wannan kokarin don gano canjin yanayi a matsayin tushen sabon tsarin dabarunsu, ba yayin da Kwamandan a cikin Cif Donald Trump ke zaune a Ofishin Ofis ba. ƙi don sanin gaskiyar dumamar yanayi ta duniya ko kuma rawar da take takawa a cikin tasirin manyan hadari; ba yayin da yake ba yaci gaba da ajiye gwamnatinsa, daga sama zuwa kasa, tare da masu musanyar canjin yanayi.
Har sai da Trump ya koma Fadar White House, amma, manyan hafsoshin soja a cikin Pentagon sun kasance da yake magana a bayyane na barazanar da ake yiwa tsaron Amurka ta hanyar canjin yanayi da kuma yadda wannan lamarin zai iya canza yanayin aikinsu. Kodayake kalmar mum a yau, tun farkon shekarun wannan karni jami'an soja sun mai da hankali akai-akai suna tattaunawa a kan irin waɗannan batutuwa, suna ba da babbar nasara gargadi game da karuwar da ke tafe a cikin mummunan yanayin yanayi - mahaukaciyar guguwa, ruwan sama ba fasawa, tsawaitar raƙuman zafi, da fari - da hanyoyin da hakan ke nufin faɗaɗa aikin cikin gida ga sojoji a cikin martani na bala'i da shirin makoma mai zuwa.
Wannan makomar, tabbas, yanzu ce. Kamar sauran mutane masu wayewa, manyan hafsoshin soja suna da cikakkiyar masaniya cewa yana da wahala a danganta duk wani hadari, Harvey da Irma sun haɗa da, ga canjin yanayi wanda ɗan adam ya haifar da amincewa 100%. Amma kuma sun san cewa guguwa tana jawo zafin makamansu daga zafin ruwan dake wurare masu zafi, kuma dumamar yanayi ita ce kiwon yanayin zafin ruwan. Yana yin guguwa kamar Harvey da Irma, lokacin da suka faru, mafi ƙarfi da ɓarna. Ma'aikatar Tsaro (DoD) "Yayin da hayaki mai gurbata muhalli ke karuwa, matakan teku suna ta karuwa, matsakaita yanayin duniya yana karuwa, kuma yanayin yanayi mai tsanani yana saurin." a bayyane yake bayani a cikin Sauye-sauyen Tsaro na Quadrennial, bayanin 2014 game da manufofin tsaro. Wannan, ta kara da cewa, “na iya kara yawaita, sikelin, da rikitarwa na ayyukan da za a yi nan gaba, gami da taimakon tsaro ga hukumomin farar hula” - kawai irin rikicin da muke ta gani a wadannan makonnin da suka gabata.
Kamar yadda wannan bayani ya nuna, duk wani ƙaruwar abubuwan da suka shafi yanayi da suka shafi yankin Amurka babu makawa zai haifar da hauhawa daidai gwargwadon goyon bayan sojojin Amurka ga hukumomin farar hula, karkatar da manyan kadarori - sojoji da kayan aiki - daga wasu wurare. Duk da cewa Pentagon na iya bayar da gudummawa ga ƙananan ƙananan abubuwan gaggawa na gajeren lokaci, yawaitawa da tsawaita irin waɗannan abubuwan, yanzu a bayyane ya fara faruwa, zai buƙaci ƙaddamar da ƙarfi, wanda, a cikin lokaci, zai iya zama babban sake dubawa na manufofin tsaro na Amurka don zamanin canjin yanayi. Wannan na iya zama ba wani abu ne da Fadar White House ke shirin yi a yau ba, amma nan ba da daɗewa ba za ta sami kanta da zaɓi kaɗan, musamman tunda da alama tana da niyyar gurgunta duk wani yunƙuri na gwamnatocin farar hula da ya shafi canjin yanayi.
Barfafa Motoci don Harvey da Irma
Lokacin da ya shafi ayyukan gaggawa a Texas da Florida, kafofin watsa labaru suna iya fahimtar haskensu game da tatsuniyoyin yunƙurin ceto na talakawa. A sakamakon haka, rawar soja a cikin wadannan ayyukan ya kasance da sauki a rasa, amma ya faru a kan sikeli mai girma. Kowane reshe na ayyukan makamai - Sojoji, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, da Coast Guard - sun tura manyan rundunoni zuwa yankin Houston, a wasu lokuta suna aikawa da irin kayan aikin na musamman da aka saba amfani dasu wajen manyan ayyukan fada. Hadadden martani ya wakilci wani m sadaukarwa na dukiyar sojoji zuwa wannan mummunan yanki, yankin da ambaliyar ruwa ta mamaye: dubun-dubatar Sojojin Kasa da dakaru masu aiki, dubban Humvees da sauran motocin soja, daruruwan jirage masu saukar ungulu, da jiragen daukar kaya da yawa, da kuma jigilar jiragen ruwa. Kuma kamar yadda ayyukan da ke Texas suka fara sauka, Pentagon ya fara irin wannan tarin jama'a ga Hurricane Irma.
Amsar da sojoji suka yiwa Harvey ya fara ne da sojojin rundunonin gaba-gaba: Tsaron Kasa, Garkuwan Tekun Amurka, da kuma rundunoni na Umarnin Arewacin Amurka (USNORTHCOM), rundunar haɗin gwiwa wacce ke da alhakin tsaron gida. Gwamnan Texas Greg Abbott taro dukkannin Jami'an Tsaro na Texas, kimanin 10,000 masu karfi, kuma an tura rundunonin tsaro daga wasu jihohin kuma. Texasungiyar Texas ta zo da kayan aikinta tare da nata jirage masu saukar ungulu, da Humvees, da sauran duk abubuwan hawa; the Coast Guard sun kawo jirage masu saukar ungulu 46 da ruwa da yawa na ruwa, yayin da USNORTHCOM bayar Jirgin sama mai saukar ungulu na 87, jirgin sama samfurin C-130 Hercules, da manyan motocin ruwa masu ɗauke da ruwa na 100.
Har yanzu akwai ƙarin jiragen sama da Haɗin Sama, gami da jiragen sama samfurin C-17 guda bakwai kuma, a cikin wani sabon yanayi na daban, Sanarwar E-3A tsarin gargadi da iska, ko AWACS. An tsara wannan jirgin sama mai matukar mahimmanci don kula da ayyukan yaƙin iska a cikin Turai idan yaƙin gaba ɗaya tare da Soviet Union. Madadin haka, wannan takamaiman AWACS ya gudanar da kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da sanya ido a kusa da Houston, yana tattara bayanai kan wuraren da ambaliyar ta auku, da kuma samar da "wayar da kai game da halin da ake ciki" ga sassan soja da ke cikin aikin taimakon.
Don sashi, Navy aikawa manyan jiragen ruwa biyu, USS Kearsarge, jirgin ruwan kai hari, da USS Dutsen Oak, jirgin ruwan saukar jirgi. "Wadannan jiragen ruwa," Navy ruwaito, "Suna da ikon samar da tallafi na likita, harkokin farar hula na teku, tsaro na ruwa, taimakon kayan aiki na balaguro, [da] matsakaiciya da nauyi daga iska." Tare da su akwai Sojojin Ruwa da yawa daga Rukunin Jirgin Ruwa na 26th da ke Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, tare da motocin da ke kai musu hari da dozin ko jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu da MV-22 Osprey tilt-rotor jirgin sama.
Lokacin da Irma ya buge, Pentagon ya ba da umarnin irin wannan tattara sojoji da kayan aiki. Da Kearsarge da Dutsen Oak, tare da jiragen ruwan da ke ciki da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu, an sake tura su daga Houston zuwa ruwa a kashe Puerto Rico da Tsibirin Budurwa. A lokaci guda, da Navy aikawa flotilla mafi girma, gami da USS Abraham Lincoln (Kamfanin kera jirgin sama wanda Shugaba George W. Bush ya yi wa “anasa” manufa tasa ” lokacin), da makami mai linzami USS Farragut, jirgin ruwan daukar kaya ya lalata USS Iwo Jima, da kuma tashar jirgin ruwa mai ɗaukar hoto ta jirgin ruwa USS New York. Maimakon sabbin kayan aikinta na yaki, da Abraham Lincoln tashi daga gininsa a Norfolk, Virginia, tare da jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu; da Iwo Jima da kuma New York sun kuma ɗauki jirage masu saukar ungulu don ayyukan agaji. Wani babban jirgin ruwa, USS zanzaro, An riga an kashe tsibirin Virgin Islands, wadata samar da abinci da kuma kwashe wadanda ke bukatar taimakon gaggawa na lafiya.
Wannan yana wakiltar irin tattarawar da zaku yi tsammani don karamin yaki kuma yana da halayyar yadda, a da, sojojin Amurka suka amsa manyan masifu na cikin gida kamar mahaukaciyar guguwa Katrina (2003) da Sandy (2012). Irin waɗannan abubuwan sun kasance raɗaɗɗu ne don haka ba a yi la'akari da su a matsayin manyan matsaloli ga aiwatar da aikin soja na "al'ada" ba: yaƙi da yaƙe-yaƙe na ƙasashen waje. Koyaya, godiya ga yadda canjin yanayi ke ƙara tsananta yanayin, masifu na wannan girman sun fara faruwa mafi akai-akai kuma a kan sikelin da ya fi girma. A sakamakon haka, aikin agaji na baya-bayan nan na bala'in yana barazanar zama na farko ga Pentagon da ya rigaya ya cika kuma, kamar yadda manyan hafsoshin soja suka sani, nan gaba kawai yana da alƙawarin da yafi haka. Ka yi tunanin wannan a matsayin sabon fuskar “yaƙi,” irin ta Amurka.
Raddamar da Tsaro na Gida
Ko da babu wani a cikin Donald Trump na Washington da ke shirye ko shirye don magance canjin yanayi, rundunar sojan Amurka za ta kasance. An riga an shirya cikin yanayin sa don ɗaukar muhimmiyar rawa wajen amsawa ga duniyar bala'i na maimaita bala'i. Wannan, a takaice, zai nuna cewa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa canjin yanayin zai kara mamaye ajandar tsaron cikin gida (ko dai gwamnatin Trump da wadanda ke biye da ita, ko ma yarda da ita) da kuma irin wadannan lamurra na cikin gida babu makawa za su zama soja. A cikin aiwatarwa, ainihin manufar “tsaron ƙasa” an ƙaddara ta canza.
Lokacin da aka kafa Ma'aikatar Tsaron Gida (DHS) a watan Nuwamba 2002 a sanadiyyar harin ta'addanci na 9 / 11, nasa babba manufa sun hada da hana ci gaba da kai hare-haren ta'addanci kan kasar tare da magance safarar muggan kwayoyi, shige da fice ba bisa ka'ida ba, da sauran batutuwa makamantansu Canjin yanayi bai taba shiga lissafin ba. Kodayake FEMA da masu gadin gabar teku, manyan abubuwan da DHS ke ciki, sun sami kansu suna magance matsalolin bala'in da ke faruwa, amma hankalin ma'aikatar kan batun shige da fice da ta'addanci ya ta'azzara ne kawai a zamanin Trump. Shugaban ya tabbatar da cewa wannan hangen nesa zai kasance mafi girma ta, tare da sauran abubuwa, yana kiran a kaifi karuwa a cikin adadin wakilai na Border Patrol (da kuma mafi girma infusions na kudade don al'amurran da suka shafi ikon kan iyaka), yayin aiki zuwa slash kasafin kudin Tsaro na Kasa.
Ya kuma tabbatar da cewa dukkan bangarorin da ba na soja ba wadanda za su iya magance matsalar canjin yanayi an dauke su aiki ne ta hanyar masu musanya canjin yanayi. A Ma'aikatar Tsaro kawai manyan jami'an suke har yanzu bayyana canjin yanayi a wani yanayi na zahiri, a matsayin tabbataccen abu ne wanda zai haifar da sabon hatsari ga tsaron Amurkan tare da haifar da sabbin ayyuka.
"Magana a matsayin soja," ya ce tsohon Babban Hafsan Sojoji Janar Gordon Sullivan ya dawo cikin 2007, “bamu da tabbacin kashi 100 bisa dari. Idan kun jira har sai kun sami tabbacin kashi 100, to, mummunan abu zai faru a fagen fama. ”Haka yake, ya ci gaba, gaskiya ne game da canjin yanayi. "Idan muka ci gaba da harkokinmu kamar yadda muka saba, za mu kai ga inda wasu munanan abubuwan suke da wahala."
Bayanin Janar Gordon an haɗa shi cikin ingantaccen tasiri Rahoton wannan shekarar kan “Tsaron Kasa da Barazanar Canjin yanayi,” da aka fitar Kamfanin CNA (wanda a baya shine Cibiyar Nazarin Naval), cibiyar bincike ce da gwamnatin tarayya ke bayar da tallafi wanda ke taimakawa Navy da Marine Corps. Wannan rahoton ya mayar da hankali ne musamman game da hadarin karuwar rikice-rikice a kasashen waje daga tasirin canjin yanayi, musamman idan fari da aka dade ana fama da shi da kuma karancin abinci zai haifar da rikice-rikicen kabilanci da addinai a cikin kasashe matalauta da yawa (galibi a Afirka da Manyan Tsakiya) Gabas). Rahoton ya yi gargadin "Amurka na iya shiga cikin wadannan yanayi, ko dai ita kadai ko kuma tare da kawayenta, don taimakawa samar da kwanciyar hankali kafin abubuwa su tabarbare kuma masu tsattsauran ra'ayi su ci zarafinsu."
Hakanan tasirin yanayi wanda zai iya haifar da duniyar da ta fi dacewa, masu sharhi na soja sun yi imani, sun samar da haɗari ga Amurka kanta don haka samar da babbar buƙata don shiga Pentagon a gida. "Matsanancin yanayin yanayi da bala'o'i, kamar yadda Amurka ta fuskanta da mahaukaciyar guguwar Katrina, na iya haifar da ƙarin aiyuka ga wasu hukumomin Amurka, gami da gwamnatocin jihohi da na ƙananan hukumomi, Ma'aikatar Tsaron Cikin Gida, da kuma sojojinmu da suka riga mu faɗa." ya lura shekaru goma da suka gabata. A cikin tsokaci na tsoho, ya kuma yi gargaɗin cewa wannan na iya haifar da rikice-rikice manyan dabaru. "Idan yawan bala'o'in da ke faruwa na karuwa tare da canjin yanayi, sojoji da shugabannin siyasa na gaba na iya fuskantar zabi mai wahala game da inda da kuma lokacin da ya shiga."
Tare da wannan a hankali, gungun jami'ai - wadanda ke aiki gami da wadanda suka yi ritaya - suka yi kokarin lallashe manyan jami'ai don sanya canjin yanayi ya zama babban abin da ke dabarun tsara dabaru. (Na su gama kokarin za a iya yin samfur a shafin yanar gizon da ke kula da Cibiyar Canjin yanayi da Tsaro, wata kungiyar bayar da shawarwari tsoffin hafsoshi da aka kafa don inganta wayar da kan jama'a game da batun.) Wadannan kokarin sun cimma babbar nasara a shekarar 2014, lokacin da Pentagon saki Taswirar Karbatar Canjin Yanayi, tsari ne na aikin gyara-ko'ina a duniya mai dumamar yanayi. Ana buƙatar irin wannan ƙoƙari, Sakataren Tsaro Chuck Hagel ya bayyana a gabansa, saboda canjin yanayi tabbas zai haifar da rikice-rikice a ƙasashen waje da ƙarin abubuwan gaggawa a cikin gida. "Za a iya kiran sojoji sau da yawa don tallafawa hukumomin farar hula, da samar da agaji da agaji na bala'i a yayin fuskantar bala'oi na yau da kullun." Sakamakon haka, DoD da ƙungiyoyin ƙungiyoyinta dole ne su fara “haɗa abubuwan la’akari da canjin yanayi cikin shirinmu, ayyukanmu, da horo.”
Na wani lokaci, sojojin sun amince da umarnin Hagel, suna daukar matakai don rage hayakin da suke fitarwa da kuma kyakkyawan shiri don irin wannan makomar. Dokokin fada na yankuna daban-daban kamar NORTHCOM da US Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), wanda ya shafi Latin Amurka da Caribbean, sun amsa tare da karin horo da sauran shirye-shirye don abubuwan da suka faru na hadari da kuma hauhawar matakin teku a yankunansu na nauyi, canji nuna a rahoto na 2015 DoD ga Majalisa, "Tasirin Tsaro na Kasa na Tasirin Hadarin dake tattare da Sauyin yanayi da Canjin yanayi."
A da, irin wannan yunƙurin, farawa ne kawai, ba a taɓa barin wani abu daga ayyukan na yau da kullun na su ba: na yin adawa da maƙiyan Amurka na ketare. Yanzu, kamar yadda Harvey da Irma suke, aikin soja a cikin gida yana ta hauhawa yayin da shugaban ke ba su ragamar aiki fiye da ɗaya (ko ƙara ƙarfi) a cikin yaƙin da ba su taɓa kawo ƙarshen ta'addanci ba, gami da tako-sama kasancewa a Afghanistan har ma a Iraki da Syria, mafi tsananin zafi yakin neman iska gaba da Babban Gabas ta Tsakiya, da kuma tsaurara matakan sojoji kusa da Koriya ta Arewa. Kamar yadda aka nuna ta jerin haduwa mai muni wanda ya shafi jiragen ruwa a cikin tekun Pacific, wannan mafi girman lokacin aiki ya riga ya fadada sojoji zuwa ko ma fiye da iyakarsa a cikin rikice-rikice daban-daban ya tabbatar da rashin nasara ko nasara. Da sakamakon: ma’aikatan da suka cika aiki da albarkatun mai. Tare da babban martani ga Harvey da Irma, ana tura shi tukuna.
A takaice, yayin da duniyar ke ci gaba da zafafa, dakaru masu makamai da kuma al'umma gaba daya suna fuskantar rikicin wanzuwar. A gefe guda, Shugaba Trump da janar-janar dinsa, gami da Sakataren Tsaro Mattis, sun sake mai da hankali sosai kan karuwar amfani da karfin soji (da barazanar karin irinta) a kasashen waje. Wannan ya hada da ba kawai yaƙe-yaƙe da Taliban, ISIS, al-Qaeda, da yawan fitowar su ba, har ma da shirye-shiryen yiwuwar yajin aikin soja a kan Koriya ta Arewa kuma wataƙila ma, a wani kwanan wata na gaba, a kan Kayan shigarwa na kasar Sin a cikin Tekun Kudancin China.
Yayin da dumamar yanayi ke kara karfi, rashin tsaro da hargitsi, gami da yawan gaske kwarara daga 'yan gudun hijira, zai ci gaba ne kawai, babu shakka yana kira har yanzu da karin ayyukan soja a kasashen waje. A halin yanzu, canjin yanayi zai kara hargitsi da lalacewa a gida kuma a can, kuma, da alama Washington sau da yawa za ta ga sojoji a matsayin babbar hanyar amsar amurka ta Amurka. A sakamakon haka, dole ne a yanke shawara game da kawo ƙarshen rikice-rikicen Amurka a ƙasashen waje da sake mai da hankali a cikin gida ko kuma sojojin da suka wuce gona da iri za su haɗiye fiye da kuɗin gwamnati kuma su sami ƙarin ƙarfi a Washington. Duk da haka, duk abin da rundunonin sojan za su iya (ko ba za su iya ba) ba za su iya ba nasara canjin yanayi, wanda, a ƙasan sa, shine komai face matsalar soji. Yayinda akwai hanyoyin magance hakan, wadancan, suma, basa cikin aikin soja.
Duk da rashin son yin magana a bainar jama'a game da irin waɗannan lamuran muhalli a yanzu, manyan hafsoshi a cikin Pentagon suna da masaniya game da matsalar da ke gabansu. Sun san cewa dumamar yanayi, yayin da yake cigaba, zai haifar da sabbin kalubale a cikin gida da waje, wanda zai iya fadada karfin su har ya kai ga fasawa tare da barin kasar nan ta kara fuskantar matsalar bala'in canjin yanayi ba tare da samar da hanyoyin magance matsalar ba. A sakamakon haka, janar-janar na fuskantar babban zabi. Zasu iya ci gaba da bin diddigin yadda suke nazari kan canjin yanayi da kuma illolinsa, don haka su ci gaba da kasancewa cikin rudani tare da rugujewar gwamnatin zuwa masifar kasa, ko kuma su iya yin magana da karfi kan barazanarta ga tsaron cikin gida, da kuma sakamakon da ake bukata na sabo, galibi ba dabarun soja ba wanda ke sanya aikin sauyin yanayi a saman manyan abubuwan kasar.
Michael T. Klare, a TomDispatch yau da kullum, farfesa ne na zaman lafiya da karatun tsaro na duniya a Kwalejin Hampshire kuma marubucin littattafan 14 sun hada da, kwanan nan, Hanya don Abin da ya rage. A yanzu haka yana kammala aiki a kan sabon littafi, Dukkan Jinin Wuta, kan canjin yanayi da kuma tsaron lafiyar Amurka.
Wannan labarin ya fara bayyana akan TomDispatch.com, gidan yanar gizon Cibiyar ta Nation, wanda ke ba da ci gaba ta hanyar hanyoyin daban-daban, labarai, da ra'ayi daga Tom Engelhardt, editan dogon lokaci a cikin wallafe-wallafe, wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Daular Amurka, marubucin Ƙarshen Nasara Al'adu, kamar na novel, Kwanakin Karshen Bugawa. Sabon littafinsa shine Shadow Gwamnati: Kulawa, Wakilin Wuri, da Tsaro na Duniya a Ƙasar Kasuwanci (Littattafan Haymarket).
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