A ranar 9 ga Satumba, Sallie Mae ta zama kamfani na 50 ga yanke zumunci tare da Majalisar Musanya 'Yan Majalisun Amurka-kuma na farko da suka yi hakan a karkashin matsin lamba daga dalibai.
A matsayinta na memba na ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari na majalisa mai rikitarwa, wanda aka fi sani da ALEC, Sallie Mae ta tsara dokar ƙira don iyakance tallafin ilimi. Kuma me ya sa? Da yawan ɗalibai za su biya daga aljihu, ƙarin Sallie Mae, kamfanin lamuni na ɗalibi, na iya shiga ciki-ciki har da dubban miliyoyin a cikin Ma'aikatar Ilimi tayi kwangilar sabis na lamunin tarayya.
Dalibai sun lura. A cikin Oktoba 2011, membobin Occupy DC sun yi tattaki daga tushe a dandalin McPherson zuwa hedkwatar lobbying Sallie Mae. "Tattaunawar a wannan lokacin tana tafiya ne bayan waɗanda suke cin gajiyar bashin ɗalibi," in ji Chris Hicks, mai shirya kamfen ɗin bashin ɗalibi na Ayyuka Tare da Haƙƙin Amurkawa-Aikin Aiki, ƙungiyar bayar da shawarwari na ma'aikata ta ƙasa. An zaɓi Sallie Mae saboda yana da mafi riba sana'ar lamuni na ɗalibi, "fara wasan ƙwallon ƙafa wanda kawai ya sami ƙarfi tun daga lokacin."
A cikin Maris na 2012, an kama masu zanga-zangar 36 saboda rufe titi a wajen ofisoshin Sallie Mae. Bayan shekara guda, ɗalibai sun gabatar da wani ƙudurin mai hannun jari yana kira ga kamfani da ya bayyana tsarin sa na zartarwa, da ayyukan sa, da alakar sa da ALEC. Yanzu, fiye da wata guda bayan barin ALEC, kamfanin har yanzu yana cikin rauni bincike na tarayya don cajin riba mai yawa da kudade ga ɗalibai masu launi, shaidar da ke nuna cewa ta gaza rage yawan kuɗin ruwa ga membobin soja, da kuma kira ga Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta yanke kwangilar ta. A matsayin mai magana da yawun kamfanin Martha Holler aka bayyana yanke shawarar yanke haɗin ALEC, "Matsayin amo ya shagala daga ainihin manufar kasuwanci."
A halin yanzu, kasuwancin Sallie Mae, bashin ɗalibai, yana fashewa. A bara, jimillar al'ummar ƙasar sun haura dala tiriliyan 1, wanda ya zarce bashin katin kiredit da bashin mota. Daga 2005 zuwa 2012, matsakaicin nauyi ya tashi daga $16,651 zuwa $24,803, yana haɓaka damar masu bin bashin ɗalibi na rasa kiredit, samun ladar albashinsu, da samun ƙarin riba-da bashi.
Rikici ne na adadin da ba a tantance ba. Har ila yau, kamar yadda furucin da Sallie Mae ya nuna, walƙiya ne.
Tun daga matakin kasa, wanda ya haɗa ɗalibai, ma'aikata da ƙungiyoyi masu ci gaba, don ɗaukar matsin lamba na gida akan masu gudanarwa da zaɓaɓɓun jami'ai, masu bin bashin ɗalibai suna jujjuya rubutun akan bashin ɗalibai, suna motsa shi daga alhakin mutum zuwa rikicin tsari. Anan akwai nau'i biyar na juriyar basussukan ɗalibi da ke gudana a cikin ƙasa baki ɗaya.
1. Niyya ga Feds
A cikin Beltway, sake fasalin bashin ɗalibai yana tafiya daidai kuma yana farawa. A cikin 2010, Shugaba Obama ya sanya hannu kan Dokar Taimakon Taimako da Kudi na Kudi, wanda ya ƙare tallafin tarayya ga bankunan da ke ba da lamuni masu zaman kansu. A bara, Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta aiwatar da shirin "Biya Kamar yadda kuke Samun", wanda ke ɗaukar biyan lamuni na tarayya a kashi 10 cikin 20 na kuɗin shiga na hankali kuma yana sauƙaƙe biyan kuɗi bayan shekaru XNUMX (wanda ba shi da karimci fiye da Wakilin Karen Bass' 10-10 tsari).
A wannan shekara, kudaden ruwa sun gudanar da muhawarar. A watan Yuli, Majalisa ta zaɓi barin biyan kuɗi sau biyu daga kashi 3.4 zuwa kashi 6.8, kafin rage hawan bayan wata guda. Dokar Bayar da Lamuni ta Student of Student Elizabeth Warren, wacce ta rage yawan kudin ruwa zuwa daidai da kashi 0.75 cikin dari da bankuna ke karba daga Tarayyar Tarayya, har yanzu tana kan tebur.
Student da kuma m ƙungiyoyi sun taka rawa a cikin kowane ɗayan waɗannan shawarwari yayin da suke ba da dama ga wasu, ciki har da gyara dokokin fatarar kudi don rufe bashin dalibai da hadin kan kafofin daban-daban na taimakon kudi na tarayya. A nata bangare, Sallie Mae ta kashe dala miliyan 16 a cikin fafutuka na tarayya tsakanin 2008 da 2012, ta shiga. abokan masana'antu toshe up gyara.
Kungiyar da ke kewaye da Sallie Mae tana tafiya kafada da kafada da kokarin matsin lamba ga gwamnatin tarayya, in ji Hicks. "Idan Sallie Mae ta fito ta ce za mu yafe kashi 10 cikin XNUMX na bashin kowa, ina tsammanin za a yi tsammanin Ma'aikatar Ilimi za ta mayar da martani irin wannan, kuma akasin haka." Duk abin da ya faru da Sallie Mae a gaban shari'a, in ji shi, zai zama sigina ga duk masana'antar. Lokacin da kamfanin ya koma don ba da lamunin tsayayyen riba a bara, alal misali, Wells Fargo da Discover sun biyo baya.
Zuwa sama, Hicks ya ce, "Abin da muke kallo shine ƙoƙarin ƙaddamar da 'yan wasan kwaikwayo daban-daban lokaci guda." Yayin da ake ci gaba da matsawa Ma'aikatar Ilimi ta yanke kwangilar Sallie Mae, Ayyuka Tare da Justice-American Rights at Work da abokanta suna shirya masu ritaya don gano haɗarin zuba jari na kudaden fensho a Sallie Mae, dalibai don matsawa jami'o'in su yanke kwangila tare da su. kamfanin, da kuma 'yan majalisa don murkushe lamuni na yaudara da kuma tallafawa manyan makarantu.
2. Kawo Karatu
Za a iya kawar da bashin ɗalibi idan da farko babu abin da za a biya—karanta karatu, daki da allo, littattafan karatu, da duk wani adadin kuɗin da ɗalibai ke ɗauka da sunan manyan makarantu. Kamar bashi da kansa, waɗannan farashin suna tashi sama. Tsakanin 2007 da 2012, jihohi 48 rage kudade don ilimi mai zurfi. A cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata, matsakaicin farashin halartar koleji ya ninka fiye da ninki biyu a makarantun shekaru huɗu kuma ya ƙaru fiye da kashi XNUMX cikin ɗari a makarantun shekaru biyu. A halin yanzu, matsakaicin matsakaicin Pell Grant na tarayya ya tashi daga ɗaukar kusan kashi biyu bisa uku na farashin kwalejin shekaru huɗu zuwa ɗaukar kashi ɗaya bisa uku kawai.
Yayin da manufofi kan bashi da koyarwa na iya bambanta akan takarda, magance ɗaya sau da yawa yana nufin magance ɗayan. Wannan ya fi fitowa fili a zanga-zangar da ta kunshi mutane 1,000 a kan tituna, sana'o'i, zaman dirshan, yajin aiki, da kuma ba da jawabi, inda wajibcin samar da ingantaccen ilimi kyauta ya kafa fagen aiwatar da manufofin ilimi na musamman.
A matsayinta na memba na Student Labor Action Project (SLAP) kuma ma'aikaciyar Cibiyar Harkokin Ilimi da Shawarwari ta Jami'ar Massachusetts (CEPA), Annie Mombourquette tana hannunta a cikin kwalba biyu. Labarin keɓaɓɓen Mombourquette yana ƙara zama kamar: ban da kasancewarta ɗaliba, tana aiki da CEPA, gidan jinya, shirin bayan makaranta, da zaurenta. "Game da hakan, na yi duk abin da ya dace, kuma ilimi har yanzu ba shi da araha," in ji ta. "Lissafin shine, ina biyan wadannan makudan kudade don neman ilimi, ina karbar wannan bashi mai yawa."
Yayin da SLAP (ƙungiyar Ayyukan Ayyuka Tare da Haƙƙin Adalci-Amurka a Aiki) ta tura UMass don kashe Sallie Mae daga jerin masu ba da lamuni da aka ba da shawarar, CEPA tana yin niyya ta UMass' koyarwa da kuma kudade. A wannan bazarar, CEPA ta haɗu da ɗalibai daga ko'ina cikin tsarin UMass don turawa jihar don samun isassun kuɗaɗen ilimi mafi girma don biyan rabin kuɗin aiki na UMass. Bi da bi, UMass ta yanke shawarar ba ta haɓaka kuɗin koyarwa da kudade a karon farko cikin shekaru goma. Yanzu, ɗaliban UMass suna yunƙurin rage waɗannan farashi yayin da suke haɗa kai da ɗaliban koleji na al'umma don ƙarfafa araha da samun dama.
A Oregon, tsarin koyarwa ya ɗauki juyi mai ƙirƙira. A watan Yuli ne, majalisar dokokin jihar ta kada kuri’a baki daya ta umurci kwamitin kula da harkokin ilimi mai zurfi na jihar da ya hada tsarin gwaji na “Biyan shi gaba,” wanda ya maye gurbin karatu da kudin shiga da dalibai ke biya bayan sun kammala karatu. Tun daga nan, sauran jihohin sun ci gaba da irin wannan doka.
Yayin da dalibai a Jami'ar Jihar Portland suka tsara Pay It Forward kuma suka tura ta cikin majalisa tare da goyon bayan Jam'iyyar Iyali na Aiki, goyon baya daga masu ba da shawara na ci gaba shine. kasa da baki daya. Gamayyar kungiyoyi da suka hada da wasu abokan jam’iyyar daga yakin neman zaben Sallie Mae. bayyana damuwa cewa shirin zai kawo karshen tsadar dalibai a cikin dogon lokaci da kuma zaburar da kwalejoji don ingiza daukar dalibai da shirin samar da kudade don samun nasarar kammala karatun digiri. A cikin tsaro, jam'iyyar ta lura da mahimmancin rubuta kariya a cikin doka kuma ta sake tabbatar da ta sadaukar da don yin gwagwarmaya don ƙarin kudade na ilimi.
3. Tsara Ma'aikata (Bashi).
Ta hanyar ma'anar, bashi yana kan dalibai bayan sun kasance dalibai. Ƙungiyoyin da aka tsara, wanda ya shafi yawan jama'ar bayan ɗalibai, yana cikin matsayi na musamman don magance shi.
A cikin Ƙungiyar Ma'aikata ta Duniya (SEIU), membobin ƙasa da 35 na Shirin Shekara Dubu yana aiki don ƙarfafa sa hannu-da-fayil ta hanyar mai da hankali kan batutuwa waɗanda suka dace da ƙananan ma'aikata. Baya ga shiga cikin yaƙin neman zaɓe na Sallie Mae, membobin sun ɗauki burin Comcast don samun kuɗi daga ilimin jama'a a Pennsylvania.
"Babban kalubale a yanzu shine magance bashin dalibai yana buƙatar ƙungiyoyi suyi tunani a waje da akwatin," in ji Austin Thompson, wanda ya kafa kuma jagoran shirya shirin Millennials. "Yin amfani da ikon membobinmu a Ma'aikatar Ilimi don ƙarfafa shirye-shiryen gafarar lamuni na sabis na jama'a da kuma biyan kuɗin shiga zai sanya ƙarin kuɗi a cikin aljihun membobin fiye da kowane tattaunawa guda ɗaya."
Ya kara da cewa, “Shugabannin kungiyar ba kasafai suke fuskantar irin bashin da ake bin shugabannin da za su taso ba, don haka gaggawar mayar da hankali kan wannan lamari bai kai ga haka ba. Zai wuce lokaci. "
A cikin ƙayyadaddun yanayi, ƙungiyoyi sun yi shawarwarin yafe basussuka zuwa yarjejeniyoyin ciniki na gama gari. Ma’aikatan da suka kammala karatun digiri, wadanda galibi ke biyan kudin karatu a wurin da ake ba su albashi, sun yi nasara yafe karatu. Ma'aikata kuma sun yi nasara aro gafara don aikin kwasa-kwasan da ya shafi ayyukansu.
Ga ƙungiyoyin da ke da alaƙa kai tsaye da manyan makarantu, kamar ƙungiyoyin malamai, ƙarfafa tallafin ilimi shine nasara ga masu bi bashi da ma'aikatan jami'a. Baya ga yunƙurin neman kuɗi, ƙungiyoyin sun ɗauki nauyin kwalejoji na riba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarin bashi ga kowane ɗalibi fiye da masu zaman kansu, kuma sun haɗa da ɗalibai don tsarawa a kusa da Sallie Mae.
4. Gina Ƙungiyoyin Bashi
Duk da yake masu bin bashi ba su da irin kariyar doka don yajin aiki ko yin shawarwari da ma'aikata ke da shi, suna raba ikon ƙirƙirar ƙungiyoyi kuma suna jefa nauyinsu. A wannan yanayin, Yajin Bashi, wani babban yanki na Occupy Wall Street, yana aiki don gina sansanonin tare da isasshen ikon yin cinikin bashi. A matakin mafi girma, masu ba da bashi za su kashe bashi ta hanyar gazawa da yawa.
A watan Satumban da ya gabata, Yajin Bashi wallafa da Manual Ayyukan Masu Ƙarfafa Bashi, ƙasida mai shafuffuka 122 da ke bayyana yadda bashin ke aiki da yadda za a bijire masa. Watanni biyu bayan haka, kungiyar ta dauki bakuncin taron farko na tara kudade na “Rolling Jubilee,” wani shiri na biyan basussukan mutum-bashin magani, bashin gidaje, bashin dalibai, da sauransu-a farashin siyar da wuta. A cikin dare guda na kiran masu ba da gudummawa, ya tara $ 500,000. A wannan Nuwamba, kungiyar za ta sanar da sabon sayayyar sayayya; farkon shekara mai zuwa, yana shirin fitar da sabon bugu na littafin, wanda ya haɗa sabbin ƙwarewa da fahimta daga ko'ina cikin ƙasar.
“Mataki mai wahala na gaba shine tunanin yadda a zahiri za a tsara ƙungiyoyin masu bin bashi na ƙasa,” in ji Ann Larson, wata kwararriyar farfesa da ta shiga ƙungiyar a farkon matakinta. "Ta yaya za mu iya yin dabara da haɗin gwiwa tare da mutane a duk faɗin ƙasar yayin da muke ci gaba da ɗorawa kan tsarin tsarin mulkin demokraɗiyya da kuma hanyoyin da ba na zalunci ba na yin aiki tare?"
Tare da ci gabanta, Strike Debt ya sami rabonsa na suka. Wasu jayayya cewa masu bin bashi sun bazu sosai, kuma cibiyoyin kuɗi suna da ƙarfi sosai, don tsarin tushen bashi don samun irin dabarun dabarun gwagwarmayar wurin aiki. Larson ya ba da amsa, “Aikin SD yana da alaƙa da anti-austerity da anti-capitalist ƙungiyoyin da ke faruwa a duk faɗin duniya…. Wannan fada ne na dogon lokaci kuma wadanda mu a cikin SD sun fahimci kalubalen da muke fuskanta. "
5. Magana Akan Shi
A cikin fuskantar kunya da ƙin yarda, fahimtar juna tsakanin masu bin bashi shine tsakiya na juriyar bashi. The Jagoran Ayyukan Bashi karanta, “An gaya mana duk wannan laifin namu ne, cewa mun shiga cikin wannan kuma ya kamata mu ji laifi ko kunya. Amma yi tunani game da lambobi: 76% na Amurkawa bashi ne. Ta yaya zai yiwu kashi uku cikin hudu na mu duka sun kasa gano yadda za mu sarrafa kudaden mu yadda ya kamata, duk a lokaci guda? Kuma me ya sa ba wanda yake tambaya, 'Wa muke bin wannan kuɗin, ko ta yaya?' da 'A ina suka sami kuɗin da suka ranta?'
Abin da aka raba yana nuna faffadan faffadan gwagwarmaya. Don haka, juriya na bashi yana da daidaitattun tashin hankali na babban tanti. A daya bangaren kuma, yawaitar basussuka dalili ne na hada kan mutane daga dukkanin akidu da kowane bangare na al'umma. Amma, idan aka bi da su a hankali, bashi na iya binne sunayen mutane, yana iyakance yuwuwar juriya.
Ba wai kawai bashin dalibi a batun aji, yana da batun tsere: Baƙar fata da Latino waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri suna da ƙarin bashi, kuma nuna wariya a cikin sabis ɗin lamuni yana yaduwa. Hakanan batun mata ne: rancen ɗalibai ne mafi kusantar don rage albashin mata fiye da na maza. Kuma, kamar yadda Ƙungiyar Queer ta Jami'ar New York ta ba da shawara a wata Oktoba 3 "Fitowa Daga cikin (Bashi) Closet" magana, batu ne mai ban sha'awa, kuma.
Kamar Doug Keeler rubuta na NYU, wanda ke da suna a matsayin harabar abokantaka da kuma alamar farashi mai ginshiƙi, "[Wannan] sarari mai aminci bai kamata ya kashe ni ba… mai yuwuwar bashi na rayuwa." Anan, sha'awar jima'i ya kasu kashi a cikin aji: "Matsasan LGBT ba su da matsuguni a farashin da bai dace ba, kuma galibi suna fuskantar haduwar masu luwadi/ transphobic na musamman tare da matsuguni da 'yan sanda…. Ga wadanda daga cikinmu da suka yi hakan a nan, ko kuma wadanda suka fito yayin da muke kwaleji, gidajenmu da ba su da tallafi na iya ci gaba da fuskantar wahalar magance tsadar ilimin NYU."
Kamar launin fata, jima'i da jima'i, bashi wani abu ne da bai kamata ku yi magana akai ba. Don buge shi, resistors dole ne su karya nau'i na shiru fiye da ɗaya.
James Cersonsky marubuci ne kuma mai fafutuka na tushen Philadelphia.
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