Fabrairu 2012 za ta yi bikin cika shekaru 15 da ayyana yaƙin da Hukumar Kula da Sararin Samaniya ta Amurka ta yi a duniya, wato ƙoƙarinta na samun Cikakkun Mallakar ƙasa, ruwa, iska, da sararin samaniya nan da shekarar 2020, “don rufe tazarar da ke ci gaba da yaɗuwa tsakanin raguwa. albarkatun da kuma kara yawan alkawurran soja." Da take tsokaci game da sanarwar da Space Command ta bayar, Rebecca Johnson ta Hukumar Kula da Kashe Makamai ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta lura cewa, "Ra'ayoyin cikakken mamayewa… ana daukar su a matsayin barazanar tsaro daga kasashen da ba su da sha'awar siyasa ko niyyar yin barazana ga Amurka, amma wanda 'yan kasarsu da sojojinsu za su yi tsammanin samar da matakan da za su dakile Amurka duk da haka.”
Ɗaya daga cikin abubuwa masu haɗari da yawa na Cikakkiyar Ƙarfafa Ƙarfafawa ita ce koyaswar Rundunar Sojan Sama ta Ƙarfafa Yajin Duniya, wanda zai ba da Amurka, "ikon da za a iya kai hari da sauri ko kuma masu tasowa masu daraja ba tare da gargadi ba, a ko'ina a duniya" - a cikin kalmomin Rundunar Sojan Sama (USAF). Kamfanin BAE Systems na Biritaniya yana haɓaka abin hawa mara matuƙa na Taranis (drone), wanda aka ƙera don "gwajin yuwuwar haɓaka motar jirgin da ba ta da ƙarfi ta farko (UCAV) mai cin gashin kanta wacce a ƙarshe za ta iya kai hari a kai a kai na dogon lokaci. kewayo, har ma a wata nahiya," in ji kamfanin, wanda ke nuni da yuwuwar jirgin mara matuki na yajin Gaggawa a Duniya.
Bayan amfani da 9/11, Pentagon da Whitehall ya yi nasarar tabbatar da yankuna biyu na manyan makamashin duniya - Gabas ta Tsakiya da Central Asia. Ƙarƙashin hujjar wani nauyin da aka naɗa don Kare, suna haɓaka hanyoyin sarrafa kashi na uku-Arewacin Afirka (a madadin harin da NATO ke kaiwa. Libya). Masu tsara shirye-shiryen yaƙi suna hasashen mahimman wuraren makamashi kuma, a ƙarshe, duniya gabaɗaya, jiragen sama marasa matuƙa suna sintiri don "rufe gibin da ke daɗaɗawa," wanda Dokar Sararin Sama ta damu. A cikin 2009, an ba da rahoton, bisa kuskure, cewa Sakataren Tsaron Amurka, Robert Gates, ya soke shirin nan gaba na dala biliyan 340 na yaƙin yaƙi da Bush, wanda aka ƙera don "gina sabuwar runduna gaba ɗaya, wanda aka sake tsara don aiwatar da aikin 'yan sanda na duniya."
Ya faru da cewa tsarin ba kawai yana ci gaba ba (kawai an yanke bangaren Motar da ba a sawa ba ne kawai), amma a zahiri, ana fadada shi. Wanda aka sake masa suna na Sojojin Brigade Combat Team Initiative, shirin a zahiri ya ƙunshi samun ƙarin jiragen sama fiye da yadda ake tsammani a baya, in ji PW Singer. Waya Don Yaki, bincikensa na ƙwazo na yaƙin mutum-mutumi. Bugu da ƙari, an ba da manyan kwangilolin ga kamfanin Boeing.
Wadannan, da sauran jirage marasa matuka, suna ba da damar USAF don samun damar cimma burinta na ƙarshe, "don nemo, gyara, waƙa, manufa, da kuma shiga duk wata manufa ta ƙasa mai motsi a ko'ina a saman duniya."
Mutuwar farar hula
Tun lokacin da aka harba makami mai linzami na Jahannama tare da hadin gwiwar Boeing daga wani jirgin sama mara matuki na Predator a shekara ta 2002, tsadar dan Adam na jirage marasa matuka ya yi yawa. “[A] tsayin iyakar gabas mai tsaunuka na Afghanistan, an ruwaito cewa wani Predator ya bi ya kashe wasu ‘yan kasar Afganistan guda uku da ake zargi, ciki har da wani dogon mutum sanye da riguna wanda ake zaton Bin Laden ne. Wadanda abin ya shafa sun zama mutanen kauyukan da ba su ji ba ba su gani ba, suna tara karafa,” inji shi New Yorker ya ruwaito. A watan Nuwamba na wannan shekarar, an kuma kashe mutane shida, kowannen su da ake zargin mayakan al-Qaida ne, a wani danna maballin da suke bi. Yemen a cikin mota.
The Amurka A halin yanzu yana gudanar da ayyukan jirage marasa matuka guda biyu: na soja da na CIA. Na biyun an ware su ne, kuma umarnin kashe-kashen na zuwa ne kai tsaye daga shugaban kasa. A lokacin George W.Bush, CIA ta kai hare-hare marasa matuka guda 45 da aka sani. A cikin shekarar farko ta mulkin Obama, CIA ta kai hare-haren marasa matuka guda 53.
Bisa ga Jaridar Siyasar Kasashen Waje, shirin na CIA “ya kara yawa [fiye da na soja], ya kai kasashe irin su Pakistan, Yemen da kuma Somalia.” Jirgin mara matuki ya afkawa cikin Somalia da sauran wurare, "sun fusata jama'a da kuma sa masu tayar da kayar baya na Musulunci sun fi shahara." A cikin wasiƙar da ta aika wa jama'a ga Obama, Human Rights Watch ta lura cewa, "Gwamnatin Amurka ta ce [mai goyon bayan ta'addanci, Anwar] al-Awlaki yana da alaƙa da Al Qaeda a yankin Larabawa mai hedkwata a Yemen, amma ba ta gabatar da tuhume-tuhume a kansa ba. ,” yana kammala cewa kai hari ga mutane don mutuwa ba tare da bin ka’ida ba, “ba makawa zai keta dokokin ƙasa da ƙasa kuma ya kafa misali mai haɗari ga gwamnatocin cin zarafi a duniya.” Sokewar da Obama ya yi na Dokar Zartarwa mai lamba 12333 ya bai wa shugaban damar da kansa ya nada na kisa. Amurka 'yan kasa (al-Awlaki) bisa ga akidarsu (duk da haka abin kyama da tsokana wadancan imani na iya zama).
A cikin 2009, Kathy Kelly ta ba da rahoton cewa makarantu 30 a cikin Afghanistan ya rufe saboda yaran sun ji tsoron jirage masu saukar ungulu don halartar taron kuma wadanda suka kasa maida hankali. Jaridar Siyasar Kasashen Waje ya ruwaito cewa, "Tun daga watan Janairun 2008, sama da nau'ikan Predator 1,000 ne aka kwashe daga Balad," wani sansanin sojin sama da Amurka ta mamaye a Iraki, "yana ɗaukar sama da sa'o'i 20,000." The New York Times Da'awar cewa a cikin 2007, Amurka ta kai hare-hare marasa matuka 46 a Iraki, 77 a 2008, da 6 a 2009. Iraki, sun karu sosai a ciki Pakistan da kuma Afghanistan.
A cikin Janairu 2010, Bloomberg ya ba da rahoton cewa gwamnatin Pakistan "ta ce ba ta goyi bayan hakan Amurka Jiragen sama marasa matuka sun kai hari a cikin yankinsa saboda ba su da amfani, bayan rahotannin da ke cewa an kashe wasu ‘yan bindiga 17 a wani yanki na arewa maso yamma. Afghanistan.” A cikin 2010, an ba da rahoton cewa, tun lokacin da aka fara ayyukan jirage marasa matuƙa a cikin Pakistan a 2004, masu aiki sun kashe mutane 1,200. Daga cikin adadin, kashi 32 cikin XNUMX fararen hula ne, a cewar wata kungiya da ke tallafawa hare-haren jiragen sama, Gidauniyar New America.
Wannan zai zama kamar rashin kima idan muka yi la'akari da cewa mai ba Janar Petraeus shawara kan harkokin soji, Laftanar Kanal David Kilcullen, ya sanar da New York Times An kashe mutane 714 da ma'aikatan jiragen sama marasa matuka a Pakistan daga tsakiyar 2008 zuwa tsakiyar 2009 kadai, wadanda 14 daga cikinsu "al-Qaeda" da / ko Taliban ne ake zargi - ma'ana kashi 98 na wadanda abin ya shafa a wancan lokacin fararen hula ne. (Kilcullen's adadi yana haɗuwa da wasu abubuwan da ke cikin binciken New America Foundation.)
A cikin watanni biyun farko na shekarar 2010, an kashe akalla mutane 140 a hare-haren da jiragen yaki marasa matuka. A wannan shekarar, da Amurka sun kai hare-hare 118. A cewar Channel 4 News Online, Gidauniyar New America ta kiyasta cewa a cikin 607 mutane 993 zuwa 2010 ne masu sarrafa jiragen sama suka kashe kuma "gidan [sic] ya nuna cewa kashi biyu ne kawai manyan 'yan Taliban ko al-Qaeda. wanda yayi daidai da kiyasin Kilcullen na shekarar da ta gabata. A yankin Afghanistan da Pakistan, "yawan hare-hare ya karu daga daya a mako zuwa daya a kowace rana," Jaridar Siyasar Kasashen Waje ya lura.
A ranar 17 ga Maris, 2011, Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Associated Press ya bayar da rahoton cewa, “Hafsan sojan Pakistan [Ashfaq Kayani] ya yi kakkausar suka kan harin da jiragen yakin Amurka mara matuki suka kai wanda ya kashe mutane fiye da goma sha biyu, yana mai cewa makami mai linzami sun kai hari kan wani taron lumana na shugabannin kabilu a kusa da iyakar Afghanistan.… Kayani's Allah wadai ya ci karo da bayanan da jami'an leken asirin Pakistan suka bayar, wadanda, a cewar AP, tun da farko sun yi ikirarin cewa "mutane 38 da aka kashe sannan bakwai suka jikkata a harin 'yan bindiga ne da ke ganawa domin tattaunawa kan tura karin mayaka cikin Afghanistan. "
Hare-haren drone suna da alaƙa da wani sabon ci gaba mai ban tsoro a cikin kisan gillar sabis na soja/asiri: “nanotags,” ko guntuwar Radiyo Frequency (RFID). "An ba ni dalar Amurka 122 in ajiye guntu a nannade cikin takardar taba a gidajen al-Qaeda da Taliban. Idan na yi nasara, an gaya mini, za a ba ni dubban daloli,” wani matashi daga Wiziristan ya shaida wa Taliban kafin a harbe shi saboda cin amanar kasa. "Ina tsammanin wannan aiki ne mai sauqi. Kuɗin sun yi kyau don haka na fara jefa guntun ko'ina. Na san mutane suna mutuwa saboda abin da nake yi, amma ina bukatar kuɗin.” The Amurka masanin tarihi kuma mai bincike, Gareth Porter, ya ruwaito cewa “mazaunan Waziristan, ciki har da wani dalibi mai suna Taj Muhammad Wazirir, ya tabbatar da cewa an biya wa ’yan kabilar kudade don sanya na’urorin lantarki don kai hare-haren jiragen sama.”
The New Yorker Har ila yau, ya ba da rahoton "jita-jita cewa masu ba da labari na CIA da aka biya suna dasa ƙananan na'urorin siliki-chip homing don jiragen a cikin yankunan kabilanci." Akwai dogon tsaye Amurka soja yana shirin "nanotag" komai.
Ra'ayin "Ƙananan Abokanmu na Paki"
BirtaniyaYarima Harry ya misalta wariyar launin fata a zamanin mulkin mallaka UK kafa lokacin da ya kira daya daga cikin takwarorinsa na Sojoji, Ahmed Raza Khan, a matsayin "Ƙananan Abokinmu na Paki" - wanda "abin wasa ne kawai," ba shakka. Rainin mutane na wani zamani, kabila, jinsi, al'umma, addini, da dai sauransu, wani bangare ne da ya wajaba a cikin tsarin bata mutumtaka, wanda shi kansa ya wajaba don kokarin tabbatar da kisa da azabtar da wasu-musamman ga kansa. Idan ya zo ga jirage marasa matuka, duk da haka, da alama akwai sabon nau'in nisantar da hankali tsakanin aikin da sakamakon. A cikin 2009, Wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Extrajudidial, Summary ko Extraritory Hukunce-hukuncen, Philip Alston, ya yi gargadin cewa masu aiki suna haɗarin haɓaka "tunanin Playstation [sic]" don kashewa. Lallai, da yawa drones da na'urorin sarrafa mutum-mutumi an ƙirƙira su akan PlayStation da Xbox joypads.
Hatsi, monochrome, ƙananan hotuna na gine-gine da ake tururi da alama suna cikin tsarin farfaganda na rabuwa a zamanin "yaƙe-yaƙe masu tsabta." Kafofin yada labarai ba kasafai suke ba da rahoton wanda ke cikin ginin da aka ba su ba kuma, lokacin yin haka, yawanci suna yin la'akari da zargin sojan da ba a tantance ba cewa wadanda abin ya shafa 'yan ta'adda ne na "al-Qaeda" ko mayakan Taliban. Wannan ba abin mamaki bane. Shirin fadada jirage marasa matuki na USAF na tsawon shekaru 46 ya bayyana a shekara ta 2009 cewa rundunar sojin sama za ta nemi ta mallaki dukkan bayanan da aka fitar ga kafafen yada labarai dangane da hare-haren jiragen sama.
"Domin gudanar da yakin neman zabe mai nasara, ayyukan al'amuran jama'a suna mayar da hankali kan muhimman sassa guda uku na aiki - Harkokin Watsa Labarai, Bayanin Cikin Gida da Harkokin Jama'a," bisa ga cikakken shirin. "Bugu da ƙari, ana aiwatar da dabarun sadarwa a manyan matakan gwamnati ta hanyar jagorancin sojojin sama da suka dace don haɓaka fahimtar shugabanni da 'yan majalisa game da UAS [tsarin jiragen sama marasa matuƙa] na halin yanzu da na gaba."
"Za a yi muku wuya a sami ɗan Pakistan a ko'ina a duniya, ba tare da la'akari da aji, ilimi, ko ɗan ƙasa ba, wanda ba ya adawa da hare-haren jiragen sama na Amurka wanda ya kashe daruruwan fararen hula marasa laifi a Pakistan tun lokacin da Shugaba Barack Obama ya hau kan karagar mulki." ” business Week ya ruwaito, ya kara da cewa, "Zai kuma yi wahala a samu dan Pakistan wanda baya adawa da gwamnati a Islamabad ta kyale yajin aikin ya ci gaba."
Liaquat Ali Khan ya ruwaito a cikin CounterPunch cewa, "A cikin karar da aka shigar da Kotun Koli ta Pakistan," wata takarda ta karanta cewa: "Amurkawa, kamar a lokacin [tsohon shugaban Pakistan] Musharraf, Shugaba Zardari kuma ya ba su hannu kyauta. kuma ana tauye haƙƙin ƴan asalin ƙasar kowace rana a yankunan ƙabilanci da (a arewacin) Dir, Swat, da Chitral. Mutane da yawa ('yan asalin) sun yi ƙaura daga waɗannan yankuna kuma sun fuskanci hasara mai yawa ba tare da fatan komawa gidajensu ba saboda Amurka Jirage marasa matuka sun kai hari, amma gwamnati na zaune a matsayin dan kallo shiru."
"Tsakanin haka Pakistan Ali Khan ya ci gaba da kai hare-hare a boye a asirce, ‘yan ta’addar ramuwar gayya sun fara kai hare-hare a garuruwan kagara. Lahore da kuma Islamabad. Yayin da hare-haren jiragen sama ke ci gaba da kashewa tare da haifar da 'yan gudun hijirar ['yan gudun hijirar cikin gida] a tsakanin 'yan asalin yankin da kuma yayin da mayakan ke daukar matakan ramuwar gayya a manyan biranen, masu makaman nukiliya. Pakistan ana hasashen zai fada cikin rudani da kisan gilla da ke barazana ga zaman lafiya da tsaro a duniya."
A cikin binciken da suka yi na yawan adadin wadanda suka mutu a cikin Pakistan daga hare-haren jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu tsakanin farkon-zuwa tsakiyar shekarar 2009, BBC ta Kudu Asiya — a bayyane, ba BBC ba UK— ya yi nuni da yadda ake hada kai tsakanin hare-haren jiragen sama da kuma ramuwar gayya. Tsakanin 2009 zuwa 2010, "kusan mutane 2,500 aka kashe a Pakistan a sakamakon Amurka jirage marasa matuka da mayakan Islama sun kai hare-hare… maboyar mayakan Islama a yankin kan iyaka da ke kusa da Afghanistan an yi niyya da su Amurka jirage marasa matuka, yayin da a lokaci guda, mayakan Islama suka kai hare-hare a fadin kasar Pakistan. "
BBC ta ci gaba da bayyana yadda, “Makami mai linzami ya kai hari Amurka drones in PakistanYankunan kabilanci sun ninka fiye da uku a karkashin gwamnatin Obama…. Idan aka kwatanta da hare-haren jiragen sama guda 25 tsakanin Janairu 2008 zuwa Janairu 2009, an sami hare-hare akalla 87 tsakanin Shugaba Obama da ya hau karagar mulki a ranar 20 ga Janairun 2009 da kuma karshen watan Yunin 2010. More Sama da mutane 700 ne aka kashe a irin wadannan hare-hare a karkashin Mr. Obama, idan aka kwatanta da kasa da 200 daga karkashin George W Bush da ya gada. Rikicin da 'yan ta'addan suka yi a lokaci guda ya fi tashin hankali. Masu tsattsauran ra'ayi sun kai hari fiye da sau 140 a wurare daban-daban na Pakistan, inda suka kashe mutane fiye da 1,700 tare da jikkata wasu daruruwa."
BBC ta kammala da cewa, "Pakistan ya ci gaba da cewa hare-haren jirage marasa matuka suna kawo cikas maimakon taimakawa wajen yaki da tsattsauran ra'ayi, yana mai cewa suna kara fusata jama'a kan gwamnati da gwamnati. Amurka da kuma karfafa goyon bayan mayakan.” Bayanan da ke tattare da haddasawa da tasiri dangane da yadda irin wannan kisan gilla na farar hula ke haifar da tsattsauran ra'ayin jama'a ba kasafai ake ba da rahoto ta hanyar al'ada ba, cibiyoyin sadarwa na gidajen talabijin na Yamma, suna sanya ta'addancin musulmi (wanda ko da yaushe ake ba da rahoto) ya zama kamar ba a yi ba.
Kwanan nan, Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai na Reuters ya ba da rahoton "bacin rai daga Pakistan da ke sukar gwamnati saboda sunkuyar da kai Amurka buri." Watakila a wani yunƙuri na kwantar da hankalin farar hula masu adawa da hare-haren jiragen sama, Shugaba Zardari ya yarda cewa "jiragen jirage marasa matuƙa suna jan hankalin mutane da yawa don su goyi bayan Taliban," in ji Arnaud de Borchgrave.
A shekarar 2009, PakistanFirayim Ministan kasar, Yousuf Raza Gilani, ya ce harin makami mai linzami ne Amurka jirage marasa matuka a yankin arewa maso yamma da ke kan iyaka Afghanistan a gaskiya suna karfafa mayakan,” Financial Times (London) ya ruwaito. Mehdi Hasan in the Guardian ya bayyana cewa "goyon bayan Obama na kisan gilla a ciki Pakistan kawai zai iya ƙarfafa sabbin gungun 'yan bindiga ne kawai." David Kilcullen ya gane cewa "Kowane ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan matattu waɗanda ba mayaƙa ba suna wakiltar dangi keɓaɓɓe, sabon rikicin ramuwar gayya, da ƙarin daukar ma'aikata don ƙungiyar masu fafutuka wanda ya girma sosai kamar yadda hare-haren jiragen sama ya karu."
Kathy Kelly ta ruwaito a cikin Huffington Post, "Jirgin saman suna ciyar da bayanan sirri na sa'o'i zuwa Amurka kwamandojin yaki, amma injinan ba za su iya sanar da mutane game da fushin da ke tashi kamar yadda Amurka yana gudanar da ayyukan kisan gilla a cikin kasashe a duk fadin duniyar musulmi masu karfin biliyan 1.3." Kelly ya ambaci Fred Branfman yana cewa, “An sayar da shi azaman kare Amurkawa…[shi] haƙiƙa yana jefa mu duka cikin haɗari. Wadanda ke da alhakin hakan, da farko Janar Petraeus, suna neman fa'ida ta ɗan gajeren lokaci yayin da suke yin babban kuskuren dabarun dogon lokaci wanda zai iya haifar da mutuwar Amurkawa marasa adadi a cikin shekaru da shekaru masu zuwa. "
Haka kuma, Le Monde Diplomatique ya tabbatar da cewa, “Jiragen marasa matuki suna kara dagula bacin ran al’ummar Pakistan: Ra’ayin jama’a, wadanda tuni suke kallon gwamnatinta a matsayin cin hanci da rashawa, suna kallon jirage marasa matuka a matsayin wani hari kan halaccin ikon kasa. Yayin da yawancin duniya ke ba Obama ƙarin yabo fiye da wanda ya gabace shi, ƙimarsa a cikin Pakistan ba su da girma fiye da na George Bush."
Bugu da ƙari, business Week ya ruwaito cewa garin da dan kunar bakin wake ya fashe a dandalin Times Square, Faisal Shahzad, “na kusa da yankin Pakistan inda a yanzu ake kai wa mayakan hari. Amurka hare-haren marasa matuka." An ambato kwararre kan ta'addanci Jerrold Post yana cewa, "Akwai tsananin kyamar Amurkawa a ciki Pakistan. Wasu daga cikin kashe-kashen marasa matuki, [da] kisa[s] sun yi niyya.” business Week Ya kara da cewa, “Shahzad ya ji takaici a lokacin da gwamnatinsa ta kasa kawo karshen hare-haren jiragen sama da gwamnatin kasarsa ta kai. Da alama ya sami wani nau'i na rugujewar tunani, bayan haka dangi da sana'a ba su bayyana shi ba, amma ta abin da yake jin gazawar manufofin kasashen biyu ne."
Human Rights Watch ta lura a cikin rahotonta na shekara-shekara na duniya cewa, "Kiyayyar Amurka ya zurfafa sosai a Pakistan a cikin 2009 saboda yadda Amurka ke keta hurumin Pakistan ta hanyar kai hare-hare ta jiragen sama marasa matuka a yankunan kabilanci wanda ya kashe daruruwan fararen hula da jita-jita, wanda Pakistan ta musanta. Hukumomi, cewa ma'aikatan wani kamfanin soji mai zaman kansa Xe Services ([a da] Blackwater) suna gudanar da ayyuka a asirce a Pakistan," inda suka kammala da cewa "Babban sassan al'ummar Pakistan, musamman masu ra'ayi da kafofin watsa labarai, sun zargi halin Amurka da karuwar hare-haren 'yan bindiga. a kasar, duk da cewa sun bayyana goyon bayansu ga yakin da gwamnati ke yi da kungiyar Taliban da kungiyoyin da ke da alaka da su."
Juriya da jirage masu saukar ungulu na da wahala, tare da “kotun Pakistan ta tabbatar da korar karar da aka kai Amurka hare-haren drone," Mai shari'a ya ruwaito a cikin 2009. An kara da cewa, Kathy Kelly da abokai uku an kama su a cikin Amurka don yin kutse, "lokacin da bayan an yi sintiri na kwanaki goma a wajen sansanin sojojin sama na [Creech], mun shigar da shi da wata wasika da muke son yadawa a tsakanin ma'aikatan sansanin, da ke bayyana adawarmu da wani gagarumin shirin kisan gilla."
Le Monde Diplomatique ya bayyana “gaskiya na tattalin arziki” na kashe mutane da robobi. "Ana kashe $2.6m don horar da wani Amurka matukin jirgi da kuma $135,000 kawai don horar da matukin jirgi mara matuki. An ambato Micah Zenko na Majalisar Hulda da Kasashen Waje yana cewa a shekara ta 2008, gwamnatin Bush ta dauki matakin mayar da hukumar leken asiri ta CIA a matsayin rundunar sojin sama ta yaki da tada kayar baya da ke goyon bayan gwamnatin Pakistan... Hare-haren na CIA asiri ne. , wanda ke kawar da muhawarar jama'a game da tasirin su."
Akwai wani abin da masana masu nazari na hankali suka sani, wanda da alama ba ya shiga cikin al'ada ko ma bincike na antiwar, wato rashin zaman lafiya. Pakistan yana cikin sha'awar Pentagon saboda tasirinta na rashin zaman lafiya Sin. Wani bincike na Majalisar Leken Asiri ta kasa (NIC) ya nuna a cikin 2008 cewa Pakistan ta "fashe," hakan zai kawo cikas ga burin Sin-Iran mai da iskar gas na gina bututun mai ta Pakistan domin wadata kasar Sin da albarkatun Iran mai arha (China ta riga ta samu. An yi hasarar man fetur na Iraqi saboda mamayar Anglo-Amurka, Iraqin sun yi asara mara misaltuwa). "Sindamuwa game da tsaro a ciki Pakistan... sun lalata shirin bututun mai na Pakistan da China," in ji NIC. Nan da 2025, NIC ta annabta a cikin wani bincike na gaba, "tsare-tsare da aka dade ana jinkiri don haɗa bututun zaman lafiya" Iran, Pakistan, da Indiya (IPI) sun dawo kan hanya kuma ana iya ƙara bututun IPI zuwa Sin,” don haka bukatar tada hankali Pakistan. Hanyoyin da za a iya amfani da su don bututun bututun su ne ta Afghanistan da kuma Pakistan-daya daga cikinsu yana karkashin mamaya na Anglo-Amurka, dayan kuma ana ci gaba da kai hare-haren wuce gona da iri.
Wadannan wasannin “chessboard”, kamar yadda Turawan mulkin mallaka na Birtaniyya suka yi amfani da su wajen lalata rayuwar mutane, suna da karin karfi, mai yuwuwar karfin da zai iya kaiwa ga karshe a duniyar da ke dauke da makamin nukiliya a yau-kamar yadda Liaquat Ali Khan, da sauransu, suka yi nuni da hakan. Yayin da aka rage shingen kasuwanci don nanotech da sauran fasahohi masu haɗari masu haɗari, jinsin ɗan adam yana matsawa ga abin da Martin Rees, ɗaya daga cikin manyan masana ilimin taurari na duniya, ya yi gargaɗi a cikin littafinsa. Sa'ar Mu ta Karshe?, watau ɗan adam 'hamsin da hamsin' rashin daidaito na tsira cikin shekaru casa'in masu zuwa "ba tare da babban koma baya ba."
Da'a na Robot?
Bayan 'yan shekaru bayan kashedin na Rees, wani binciken da sojojin ruwa na Amurka suka yi kan da'a na mutum-mutumi ya lura da cewa "tsarin kwamfuta na farar hula sun gaza kuma sun haifar da damuwa da za su iya shiga aikace-aikacen soja.… don dakatar da wasu (mai yiwuwa-masu mutuwa) jerin abubuwan da suka haifar da tsarin soja masu cin gashin kansu waɗanda ke sarrafa bayanai kuma suna iya yin aiki cikin sauri da ba mu fahimta ba, misali, tare da manyan motocin jirage marasa matuki masu sauri.” Hakanan, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Burtaniya (MOD), bayan shekaru biyu, ta annabta cewa nan da 2040, "ƙararar rikitattun hanyoyin sadarwa na iya ƙara haɗari, da tasirin gazawar tsarin bala'i [mahimmanci a asali]."
Wadannan tsare-tsare masu matukar hadari sun kasance saboda sun zama masu hadari yayin da aka fitar da 'yan adam daga "madaidaicin madauki," don amfani da lafazin soji, ta tsarin masu cin gashin kansu. Dangane da shirin fadada jirgin sama na USAF, “Da yawan mutane ba za su kasance “a cikin madauki ba,” amma “a kan madauki” - sa ido kan aiwatar da wasu yanke shawara. Koyaya, binciken da Rundunar Sojan Ruwa ta Amurka ta yi ya lura cewa, "Daya daga cikin ƴan tabbatattun tabbatattu a cikin haɓaka na'urori na soja shine cewa kiyaye ɗan adam a cikin tsarin yanke shawara zai lalata ingancin yaƙi," ma'ana cewa aminci shine gazawar hukumomi na sojoji.
Ƙila ƙalubale mafi girma na ɗan adam ƙila sun fi dacewa da shi a cikin wani bincike na gaba na MOD, wanda aka buga ƴan shekaru kafin wanda aka ambata a sama: “Yawancin abubuwan da ke damun ci gaban sabbin fasahohi sun dogara ne akan amincin su, gami da yuwuwar sakamako mai lalacewa, shiri da rashin shiri”. Wataƙila muna so mu lura da kalmar da aka tsara. "Alal misali, ana jayayya cewa nanotechnology na iya yin tasiri mai tasiri a kan muhalli, gyare-gyaren kwayoyin halitta zai iya karkata daga sarrafawa kuma AI (hankali na wucin gadi) na iya zama mafi girma fiye da na mutane, amma ba tare da hana tasirin yanayin zamantakewar ɗan adam ba." MoD ta kammala da cewa, "Hannun yanayi daban-daban na ranar qiyama da suka taso dangane da waɗannan da sauran fannonin ci gaba suna ba da yuwuwar tasirin bala'i, a ƙarshe gami da ƙarshen duniya, ko aƙalla na bil'adama."
Z
Tim Coles marubuci ne kuma mai shirya fina-finai wanda labarin ya fito a ciki Z Shafin da kuma Zaman Lafiya Review.