Dan Teresa Carmona Joaquin dalibin gine-gine ne a jami'ar jama'a a Mexico City a watan Agusta, 2010, kwanaki biyu kafin zangonsa na biyar, an kashe shi a cikin gidansa. "Wani ya fasa kwalba, sannan suka karya kansa kuma aka shake shi," in ji Carmona. "Kuma babu wanda ke da alhakin saboda hukumomin Mexico ba sa bincikar laifuka a cikin ƙasata."
Wani dan asalin birnin Mexico wanda ya koma Cancun shekaru 25 da suka wuce, Carmona ya yi tafiya tare da Caravan for Peace with Justice and Dignity karkashin jagorancin Javier Sicilia don yin kira da a kawo karshen tashin hankalin da ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar mutane fiye da 60,000 a Mexico tun lokacin da shugaban kasar ya yi. Felipe Calderón ya hau ofis a watan Disamba 2006 kuma ya ayyana yaki da kwayoyi.
Taimakon miliyoyin daloli da taimakon soji wanda ya haifar da karuwar laifukan da ba a taba ganin irinsa ba, yakin da ake yi na miyagun kwayoyi ya shafi mutane a bangarorin biyu na kan iyaka.
Mawaki Ya Jagoranci Kokarin
Sicilia, ɗaya daga cikin mawaƙan mawaƙa da ake girmamawa a Mexico, tana rubuta shafi na wata-wata a cikin Tsarin aiki, mujallar labarai ta mako-mako da ake bugawa a birnin Mexico. Lokacin da ya sami labarin a cikin Maris 2011 cewa an kashe ɗansa Juan Francisco mai shekaru 24 tare da wasu 6 masu fataucin miyagun ƙwayoyi, ya yi baƙin ciki sosai. Da yake rantsuwa cewa ba zai sake rubuta wata waka ba, sai ya karkatar da basirarsa wajen yin kira da a kawo karshen tashe-tashen hankula da yaki da muggan kwayoyi ke haifarwa. Bayan ya jagoranci ayari biyu a Mexico, Sicilia ya kawo Caravan don Aminci zuwa Amurka, inda sama da dala biliyan 51 ke tafiya a kowace shekara don yaƙi da miyagun ƙwayoyi.
Haɗin kai da Global Exchange, ƙungiyar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam ta ƙasa da ƙasa da aka kafa a 1988, ayarin ya fara ne a San Diego, California ranar 12 ga Agusta, sannan ya bi garuruwan da ke kan iyakar kudanci, ya isa Chicago don Ranar Ma'aikata.
Da take magana a cikin gidan kayan gargajiya na Mexica, Sicilia ta lura da muhimmancin: "Chicago alama ce ta 'yan daba da kuma sakamakon barasa da haramcin barasa ya kawo Amurka a cikin shekaru ashirin."
Daga nan sai Sicilia ta yi kira ga Shugaba Obama da ya yi abin da Shugaba Franklin D. Roosevelt ya yi a shekarar 1933 lokacin da ya rattaba hannu kan dokar da ta soke haramcin: “Muna rokon jama’ar Amurka da gwamnatin Barack Obama da su tuna da Shugaba Roosevelt da kuma son shi, a cikin wata alama ta kare dimokuradiyya da 'yancinta, doka, tare da gwamnatin Mexico da gwamnatocin duniya, kawo karshen yakin da ake yi da kwayoyi. Don haka tare muka dakatar da bankunan da ke wawure kudade da kuma rage laifuka na hakika: cin hanci da rashawa, fataucin mutane da kwace da kuma neman tare cikin tausayi, adalci ga da iyalan wadanda abin ya shafa, marayu, zawarawa da kuma wadanda suka rasa ‘ya’yanmu a wannan yaki na banza.”
Tilasta Doka Against Haram (LEAP)
LEAP, wadda ba riba ce wadda za ta yi bikin cika shekara ta 10 a cikin 2013, tana da kusan kwararrun masu shari'ar laifuka 3,000, alkalai, masu gabatar da kara, jami'an 'yan sanda, masu kula da gidan yari da jami'an sakin fursunonin a matsayin membobi.
Jim Gierach, tsohon mai gabatar da kara a Chicago, kuma memba na LEAP a halin yanzu, ya ce yakin da ake yi na miyagun kwayoyi ya sa matasa da yawa barin makaranta, shiga kungiyoyin ’yan daba, da samun bindigogi da kuma fada a kan wanene zai mallaki sana’ar miyagun kwayoyi. "Mun ƙare da tashin hankali wanda ke annoba, kamar yadda mu, a wani lokaci, muka yi da Al Capone a nan Chicago," in ji shi. “Don haka muna kan haramcin mu karo na biyu, bayan mun manta darussan da suka gabata. Ba wai kawai muna fuskantar matsalolin kwayoyi ba, har ma da batutuwan da ke tattare da yakin da ake yi da kwayoyi. "
Gierach ya ce, "Mun fara yaƙi da kwayoyi da nufin taimaka wa yaranmu, amma da gaske mun gama samar da magunguna da yawa, da haɗari," in ji Gierach. "Hanyar da ta fi dacewa don sanya ƙarin magunguna, marasa tsari da rashin tsari, ko'ina."
Chad Padget, tsohon jami'in gyaran fuska na sashen gyaran fuska na Indiana, ya ce hanya daya tilo da za a iya daidaitawa da sarrafa magunguna ita ce ta kawo kasuwa sama da kasa." ya kasance mai magana da LEAP tun 2010. "Shi ya sa muka ce ya kamata mu halatta kwayoyi."
Padget ya kuma yi aiki tare da ayyukan matasa kuma ya ga sakamakon da idon basira. "Manufar na yanzu ta kasance mummunan ga matasa," in ji shi. “Yana kulle su, raba iyalai. Idan za su halatta miyagun ƙwayoyi, iyalai za su dawo tare, mutanen da ke cikin kurkuku za su iya barin su, kuma za su zama babban taimako a cikin al'ummomi kuma za mu iya kawar da duk manufofin haram."
Tsohon mataimakin Cif Stephen Downing shi ne ya jagoranci sashin tabbatar da muggan kwayoyi na sashen ‘yan sanda na Los Angeles, kuma shi ne kwamandan ofishin bincike na musamman, wanda ke kula da duk ayyukan tabbatar da muggan kwayoyi. Yanzu ya yi ritaya, Downing ya tuna cewa lokacin da Nixon ya sanar da yaki da kwayoyi a cikin 1970s, shi ne kwamandan kuma akwai kananan ƙungiyoyi biyu kawai a kudancin tsakiyar LA.
"An kira su Crips da Jini," in ji shi. "Muna da shirye-shirye, ƙungiyoyin unguwanni ne, yankuna kuma muna da shirye-shirye masu kyau waɗanda ke kwantar da hankulansu, suna mayar da yaran gida, suna yin niyya ga masu tsaurin ra'ayi ga matasa. Daga nan kuma yaki da miyagun kwayoyi ya zo tare kuma yaki da kwayoyi ya yi tasiri wajen kara habaka ci gaban kungiyoyin.”
Downing ya lura cewa a yau akwai ƙungiyoyi 33,000 a duk faɗin Amurka waɗanda aka kiyasta mambobi 1,500,000. A yau, in ji shi, Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta ba da rahoton cewa gungun 'yan bindiga suna mamaye da sarrafa safarar miyagun kwayoyi ta hanyar kungiyoyin, suna amfani da su a matsayin masu tilastawa, masu tattarawa da rarrabawa.
Downing ya ce: "Shekaru biyu da suka wuce, sun sarrafa safarar miyagun kwayoyi a biranen Amurka 250." "A wannan shekarar da ta gabata DOJ ta ba da rahoton cewa suna sarrafa zirga-zirga a cikin biranen Amurka 1,000."
An kamu da Yaƙin Magunguna
Downing ya ce ainihin matsalar ita ce 'yan sanda a Amurka sun zama abin sha'awar yakin da ake yi da kwayoyi kamar 'yan fashi da makami. ƙungiyoyin tituna. "Kungiyoyin ba sa son kawo karshen haramci kuma gungun 'yan bindiga ba sa son kawo karshen haramcin," in ji shi. “Me yasa? Domin yana da riba gare su. Amma matsalar ita ce, domin bakar kasuwa ce, hakan na nufin hanyar da za su iya magance rigimarsu ita ce ta tashin hankali. Don haka al'ada ce ta tashin hankali. Idan kun goyi bayan kare lafiyar jama'a, wanda ya kamata shugaban 'yan sanda ya goyi bayan, babu yadda za ku iya tallafawa haramci a kasar nan."
Masu aikata laifukan miyagun ƙwayoyi a yanzu sun kai rabin waɗanda ke kurkukun tarayya da kusan kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na dukan fursunonin da ke Amurka, sama da ƙasa da kashi 10 cikin ɗari a 1980. Downing ya lura cewa tun 1980, California ta gina gidajen yari 23, ta ɗauki masu gadin gidan yari 14,000. , kuma ya kori kwatankwacin adadin malamai.
"A makon da ya gabata a Los Angeles, dalibai 500,000 sun yi zanga-zanga saboda ba za su iya shiga kwalejojin al'umma ba kuma ba za su iya samun azuzuwa ba," in ji shi. “Kudirin kasafin kudin gidajen yari ya tashi daga kashi uku a shekarar 1980 zuwa kashi 11.5 a yau. Kasafin kudin makarantunmu ya ragu da kwatankwacin adadin, to wannan baya nuna maka cewa muna yin wani abu ba daidai ba?
Da ya ga illar yakin miyagun kwayoyi, Downing ya canza ra'ayinsa ya shiga LEAP, inda yanzu yake hidima a Hukumar Gudanarwa. Ya shiga cikin Caravan for Peace lokacin da suka ketare kan iyaka a Mexico, ya yi kwana uku tare da su, sannan ya koma tare da su a Atlanta, Georgia tare da motar da aka yi wa fenti na musamman kamar motar 'yan sanda. Downing ya ci gaba da ayarin ya tafi Cleveland, New York, da Baltimore kafin ya isa Washington, DC ranar 12 ga Satumba.
"Ba mu bayar da shawarar yin amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba. Muna ba da shawarar tsari da sarrafa magungunan, "in ji Downing. "Muna kan ayari don zaman lafiya saboda falsafar Javier Sicilia shine ainihin falsafar mu. Idan kun goyi bayan haramtawa, kuna goyon bayan tashin hankali da aikata laifuka."
Memba na LEAP Dean Becker - tsohon jami'in tsaro na Rundunar Sojan Sama na Amurka kuma ƙwararre a cikin tsaron makaman nukiliya - yanzu yana samar da shirye-shiryen rediyo guda tara a mako guda don Cibiyar Sadarwar Drug Truth da ke tushen Pacifica, KPFT a Houston.
Becker ya ce burinsa shi ne ya mayar da abubuwa kamar yadda suke a gabanin haramtawa, lokacin da aka amince da manya su yi abin da ya dace. Ya ce yana goyon bayan kulle duk wanda ya kuskura ya sayar wa yara kwayoyi, amma kulle manya don yin abin da suke son yi a cikin tsarkakar gidajensu “ba Ba-Amurke ne kawai.”
Fiye da Magunguna
Ayarin ya kuma tada batutuwan lalata muhalli—daga hakar ma'adinai, haƙƙin bakin haure, da kuma kiyasin 5,300 da suka bace tun bayan bullar manyan laifuka da yaƙin miyagun ƙwayoyi ya haifar. Rafael Trujillo, wanda mahaifiyarsa da ɗan’uwansa su ma suna cikin ayari ya ce: “Yaƙin da ake yi da ƙwayoyi ba yaƙi ba ne da ’yan Mexiko suka nema.
Trujillo ya ce danginsa sun yi rayuwa cikin kwanciyar hankali a Michoacan, Mexico, inda suke yin sana'ar siyayya da siyar da zinare. Lokacin da ’yan’uwansa biyu suka bace a hanyarsu ta dawowa daga Guererro shekaru huɗu da suka wuce, komai ya canza.
Raul Trujillo Herrera, 21, da Jesus Salvador Trujillo, 27, mahaifin yara biyu, sun bace, tare da motarsu, ba a sake ganin su ba. Lokacin da wasu ’yan’uwansa biyu suka je Vera Cruz don yin cinikin zinariya don kuɗi don tallafa wa iyalai shekaru biyu da suka wuce, su ma sun ɓace.
Carmona ta lura cewa kashi uku ne kawai na waɗannan laifuffuka ake bincikar su. "Eh, yana da muni," in ji ta. "Ina nufin tashin hankalin yana da muni, amma rashin hukunci yana da muni."
Trujillo ya ce har sai da ayarin ya tafi Makarantar Amirka (SOA), a Fort Benning, Jojiya, bai san cewa an horar da da yawa daga cikin manyan shugabannin gwamnati a can ba. Trujillo ya ce: “Abin mamaki ne da aka gano hakan, domin ba a ma saka matsalolin miyagun ƙwayoyi a kan teburi domin ba ma tunanin cewa matsalarmu ce. "Yanzu mun fahimci cewa sune matsalar mu."
Amurka Ƙarfafawa
A taron zaman lafiya na watan Agusta a Miami, Charles Goff ya bayyana tarihin tashin hankalin a wani taron bita mai suna "Blood on our Hands: fallasa hadin gwiwar Amurka a yakin da kwayoyi a Mexico."
Goff ya bayyana yadda bayan da Shugaba Calderón ya yi nasara a zaben da kasa da kashi 1 cikin 40, abu na farko da ya yi shi ne kara albashin jami’an soji kashi 6.5 cikin XNUMX, domin in ji Calderón, yana bukatar sojojin da za su yaki yaki da miyagun kwayoyi. Amurka na kashe kusan dala biliyan XNUMX a duk shekara kan magungunan da ake fitarwa daga Mexico, kamar yadda gwamnatin Amurka ke kashe biliyoyin kudade don tallafawa yaki da fataucin miyagun kwayoyi.
SOA Watch ya ruwaito a cikin 2011 cewa Jesús Enrique Rejón Aguilar, jagoran da aka kama na Zetas, mafi yawan tashin hankali na 'yan kasuwa, ya taimaka wajen daukar nauyin sojojin musamman na Mexican na asali waɗanda aka horar da su a SOA a Fort Benning, Geogia.
Dabarun da aka koyar a wurin sun taimaka wa Zetas su zama ƙungiyar masu laifi mafi haɗari a Mexico. Rejón Aguilar ya kuma bayyana cewa, "Los Zetas suna da ma'aikata a Amurka wadanda suka sayi (akalla a baya) bindigogi da sauran makamai daga masu samar da kayayyaki daban-daban ciki har da 'Gwamnatin Amurka kanta'."
Goff ya bayar da rahoton cewa, jawabin Sicilia a jami’ar Johns Hopkins da ke Baltimore ya ba da nazari kan yakin da ake yi na miyagun kwayoyi, inda ya ce ba yakin akida ba ne, amma yaki ne da aka ayyana a kan abubuwan da a al’adu da dama ake daukar su da tsarki. Ya kuma lura da yadda mayar da gidajen yari ke neman karuwar fursunoni. Sakamakon yana barazana ga dimokuradiyya lokacin da aka hana yawancin al'ummar kasar 'yancin kada kuri'a saboda an kama su da laifin wani laifi, kamar kashi 13 cikin XNUMX na maza 'yan asalin Afirka da aka hana su shiga Amurka.
Goff ya ruwaito a cikin "Charlie's Digs" shafi na Labarai, Jaridar Turanci daya tilo ta Mexico, cewa membobin Caravan sun gana da mambobin majalisun biyu, tare da Maria Otero, karamar Sakatariyar Harkokin 'Yancin Dan Adam, da shugabannin majami'u daban-daban a Washington, DC.
Tafiya ce mai nisa, amma ana ci gaba da fafutukar dakatar da yaki da miyagun kwayoyi.
Trujillo ya ce yana jin cewa a duk garuruwan da suka shiga, iyalan wadanda abin ya shafa sun ba da labarinsu kuma suna jin cewa a kowane mataki ana fahimtar su. Ba kawai kalmomi ba, amma zuciya. Hakan yana da mahimmanci, in ji shi, sanin cewa mutane suna ji kuma suna fahimtar abin da ke faruwa. Trujillo ta ce: “A duk wuraren da muka shiga, mun ba da iri ne domin a samu zaman lafiya ga yaranmu,” in ji Trujillo, wadda ta daɗe da mamakin sanin yadda ake mayar da fursunoni a Amirka su zama kasuwanci. “Abu ne mai muni. ”
A cikin wata hira ta 2011 da Marta Molina ta Narco News Bulletin, wata mujalla ta yanar gizo da ke ba da rahoto game da yakin miyagun ƙwayoyi, Carmona ya yi kira ga Mexico ba tare da cin hanci da rashawa, yunwa ko kashe yara ba. A maimakon haka tana son ganin jami'an tsaro masu gaskiya da rikon amana da kafafen yada labarai masu da'a.
"Muna so mu rayu ba tare da tsoron cewa wani zai cutar da yaranmu ba," in ji Carmona. "Muna son mutunta bambance-bambance da sabuwar hanyar zama tare da ɗan adam. Muna son mu zauna lafiya da adalci da mutunci.”
Z
Gloria Williams yar jarida ce mai zaman kanta kuma mai fafutukar zaman lafiya da adalci. Hotunan Williams ne. Hoto 1: Teresa Carmona tare da hoton ɗanta da aka kashe. Hoto 2: Javier Sicilia yana kira ga Obama da sauran su dakatar da yakin da ake yi da kwayoyi. Hoto na 3: Tsohon mai gabatar da kara na miyagun kwayoyi yanzu ya yi kira ga mutane da su kawo karshen yakin miyagun kwayoyi, su daina kisan, su ceci "ya'yanmu." Hoto na 4: Maris zuwa Ƙananan Kauye a Chicago. Hoto na 5: Masu zanga-zangar suna kira da a kawo karshen yaki da kwayoyi. Hoto na 6: Tafiya ta Ƙauye.