A 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, mutanenmu, mutanen da kuke iya gani a kusa da ku, sun fara fahimtar abin da ke faruwa, "Maudilia López ya gaya wa ɗaruruwan da suka taru don halartar Kotun Koli ta Lafiya ta Jama'a ta farko a San Miguel Ixtahuacán, Guatemala, babban wurin da aka yi. Ma'adinan Marlin, ma'adinin zinare na buɗaɗɗiya wanda shine ɗayan mahimman ayyukan Giant Goldcorp Inc.
Taron wanda aka gudanar a ranakun 14-15 ga watan Yuli, ya samo asali ne sakamakon wani yunƙuri na shiryawa da ya samo asali daga al'ummomin da mahakar ma'adinan Marlin ya shafa. Har ila yau, akwai mutanen da mahakar ma'adinan Los Filos na Goldcorp da ke Mexico da ma'adinin San Martín a Honduras ya shafa, da kuma wakilai daga ko'ina cikin Amurka ta tsakiya (El Salvador, Costa Rica, da Panama), wadanda suka ba da jarrabawar yanki da sukar hakar albarkatun. abin koyi da tasirinsa ga al’umma.
"A yanzu, za mu nemi, a gaban wannan al'umma, cewa za ku rantse don cimma matsaya kan abin da kuka ji mutane na cewa," López ya ci gaba, ta mai da hankalinta ga kwamitin alkalan da ke gabanta. Zaune a gaban masu sauraro alkalai 13 na kotun a cikin wani kwamitin da ya kunshi fitattun masu kare hakkin dan adam da masana muhalli, kwararrun kiwon lafiya, da kuma masana kimiyya daga kasashe 5 daban-daban, ciki har da Robert Goodland, wani masanin ilimin halittu na kasar Canada wanda ya yi aiki tsawon shekaru 23 a matsayin mai ba da shawara kan muhalli. zuwa Bankin Duniya; Dokta A. Chicas, likita, kwararre kan lafiyar jama'a, da Sakataren Hukumar Da'a don Sana'ar Kiwon Lafiya a El Salvador; Jesús Lara Chivarra, ɗan asalin ikon Wixarika Nation (Mexico) kuma memba na Wirikuta Defence Front; Yolanda Chalí na Ƙungiyar Ƙungiyoyin Harkokin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a na Guatemala; da Rachel Sieder daga Cibiyar Nazarin Ci gaba a Ilimin Anthropology, Mexico. Sun yi tattaki daga arewa da kudanci don sauraren ɗimbin talakawa, ƙwararrun ƙwararru, mata, maza, ma'aikatan hako ma'adinai, shugabannin ƴan ƙasa, har ma da yara, suna ba da labarin yadda buɗaɗɗen ramin ramuka ya shafi rayuwarsu.
Kotun kolin Kiwon Lafiyar Jama'a ta Duniya (IPHT) an ƙirƙira ta ne bisa sanannen al'adar adalci na jama'a da aka fi sani da Kotunan Dindindin Jama'a, waɗanda aka yi amfani da su a duk faɗin Amurka don yin tir da illolin da kamfanoni na ƙasa da ƙasa ke haifarwa waɗanda in ba haka ba suna samun cikakkiyar hukunci daga tsarin shari'a na ƙasa da na ƙasa. Ba a taɓa samun irin wannan IPHT ba ta yadda ta zama yunƙuri na farko da wata babbar kotu ta yi na magance matsalar lafiya bisa tsari.
Kotuna suna nufin ba da murya. Suna samar da fili ga mutane don yin magana, a saurari koke-kokensu, da kuma jin koke-koke na wasu—wurin da za a tsara bayanai da kuma isar da gogewa tare da rabawa ga sauran jama'a. Sakamakonsu ba ya dauri bisa doka, amma suna nufin karya rashin hukunta kamfanoni, aƙalla ta alama.
Jigo na IPHT-wanda aka yi wahayi zuwa wani bangare ta binciken da ma'aikaciyar jinya mai rijista kuma daliba Susana Cajax ta gudanar - shine duba cikakken tasirin kiwon lafiya na ma'adinan ramuka a yankin. Duk da dadewar da masana'antar hakar ma'adinai ta yi na tarawa ta hanyar fatattakar su a Amurka, ba a mai da hankali sosai ba don tantance girman tasirin da lafiyar ɗan adam ke yi. Dangane da tasirin lafiyar jiki, bayyanannun abubuwan gama gari sun fito daga ma'adinan Goldcorp guda uku da aka yi amfani da su azaman nazarin shari'a: cututtuka na numfashi, cututtukan fata, ƙarin yanayin cutar kansa, haihuwar da ba a kai ba, haɓakar lahani na haihuwa, ɓarna, da tashin hankali na jiki kamar kisa da danniya.
Halin tunani da zamantakewa sun fi zama m. Abubuwan da mutane suka bayyana a matsayin tasiri ga zamantakewar al'ummominsu, a kan yanayin tunaninsu, da kuma ikon yin amfani da ikon kansu a kan rayuwarsu galibi ana yin watsi da su. Wadannan matsalolin sun samo asali ne daga farkon fara aiwatar da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai, cin zarafi na 'yancin walwala, kafin da kuma yarda da sanarwa da sanarwar Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta kare hakkin 'yan asalin kasar da kuma hakkin a yi la'akari da shi yadda ya kamata, kamar yadda kungiyar Kwadago ta Duniya ta kare. (ILO) Taro na 169.
Kamar yadda wakilin Mexico Gustavo Lozano ya bayyana: “Wannan kuma game da lafiyar kwakwalwa ne. Al'umma suna rayuwa cikin tsananin damuwa saboda sun rasa iko akan rayuwarsu. Wannan ya shafi mutuncinsu kai tsaye. A haƙiƙa, muna iya cewa wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin ma'anar daraja. Kwatsam, ba ka san abin da zai faru da rayuwarka ba. Masana'antar hakar ma'adinai kamar tada hankali ce ga al'umma. Suna kawo mana lahani maras misaltuwa, illar da ba ta da farashi, wadda ta wuce shekaru aru-aru. Amma kuma suna kawo danniya. Suna kawo dokar soji, sansanonin soja, aikata laifuka ta hanyar sammacin kamawa da laifin fataucin muggan kwayoyi, barazana ga rayuwarmu, har ma da fyade.”
Dokta Juan Almendares, likitan Honduras kuma wanda ya kafa Cibiyar Kimiyya ta Honduras, yana gudanar da nazarin lafiyar al'umma a cikin kwarin Siria na Honduras, inda ma'adinan San Martín na Goldcorp ya yi aiki daga 2000 zuwa 2008 (da farko a matsayin aikin Glamis Gold). A yayin ba da shaidar ƙwararru a kotun, Almendares ya lura da mahimmancin ɗaukar cikakken tsarin kula da lafiya ta hanyar haɗa sanannun sani cikin nazari. "Idan muna son yin nazarin lafiya, muna buƙatar yin magana game da ba kawai tsarin ɗaya ba, amma duk tsarin…. Muna buƙatar haɗa kimiyya, ruhi, da lamiri na zamantakewa, "in ji shi. “Ilimi ba wai a jami’o’i ne kawai aka kirkiro ba, har ma a tsakanin mutane…. Muna bukatar mu saurari junanmu, mu saurari ilimi da hikimar juna.”
Suna son siyan filina kuma sun yi min barazanar cewa ba na son sayar da shi. Sai da na sa jikana a hannuna, suka sa min adda a wuyana. Sai da jikana ya yi kuka—abin da ya ceci rayuwata ke nan,” in ji Diodora Hernandez, wadda ta sha ƙi sayar da filinta ga Goldcorp. Hernandez ta bayyana irin barazanar da rayuwarta ke fuskanta sakamakon kasancewar kamfanin hakar ma'adinai a yankinta. A shekara ta 2009, wasu tsoffin ma'aikatan hakar ma'adinai biyu sun harbe ta a ido, amma ta tsira daga harin. "Wannan shi ne abin da suka yi kuma suka ci gaba da yi kuma ban aikata wani laifi ba face rashin son sayar da fili na."
Baya ga bayar da rahoto kan matsin lamba, barazana, da tilastawa ma'aikatan kamfanin hakar ma'adinai na sayar da filayensu, al'ummomin da ke kewaye da ma'adinan Marlin na Goldcorp sun yi amfani da kotun wajen yin Allah wadai da tauye hakkin lafiya, muhalli da kuma hakkin bil'adama da ma'adinan ya haifar, wanda ke da bambanci sosai. ga hoton da kamfanin ya zana ga masu hannun jari da kuma kafofin watsa labarai.
Kasuwancin datti a Guatemala
Marlin yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman ayyukan Goldcorp mafi ƙanƙanta kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a Latin Amurka, tare da kiyasin jimillar oza 1,250,000 na zinare da za a iya cirewa. Wani reshen Montana Exploradora ne ya gina shi a cikin 2005 tare da taimakon lamuni na Bankin Duniya na dala miliyan 45 kuma ba tare da riga-kafi da kuma sammacin izinin al'ummomin Maya Mam da abin ya shafa ba.
"Babban abu na daya kuma mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa muna gudanar da aikin ma'adinan zuwa matsayin kasa da kasa tun daga farko," in ji shugaban kamfanin Goldcorp Chuck Jeannes yayin da yake mayar da martani kan zargin take hakkin dan Adam da lalata muhalli. (Jeannes ya sami diyyar dala miliyan 11.4 a cikin 2011, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan shugabannin kamfanoni goma mafi girma a Kanada.) Wannan shekara guda ne kawai bayan Hukumar Kare Haƙƙin Bil Adama ta Amirka ta ba da matakan kariya ga 18 daga cikin al'ummomin da ke kusa da ma'adinan, suna kira. kan gwamnatin Guatemala da ta dakatar da ayyukan Marlin cikin gaggawa don kiyaye lafiya da amincin jama'a. Koyaya, Guatemala ba ta bi ka'ida ba kuma ma'adinan Marlin na ci gaba da aiki ba tare da yardar al'umma ba.
Da yawa a San Miguel Ixtahuacán da Sipacapa, gundumomi biyu da yarjejeniyar Marlin ta shafa, sun danganta tsananin rarrabuwar kawuna da rikice-rikicen zamantakewa da suke fuskanta a yanzu ga wannan rashin tuntuɓar farko. A gaskiya ma, don bayyana matsayinsu don mayar da martani ga gazawar gwamnatin Guatemalan na kiyaye alhakinta na shari'a na kasa da kasa, a ranar 18 ga Yuni, 2005, al'ummomin Sipacapa sun gudanar da zaben raba gardama kan ma'adinan ma'adinai. Sakamakon kin amincewa da hakan ya kasance: mutane 2,486 ne suka kada kuri'ar kin amincewa da hakar ma'adinan, 35 suka amince, 32 kuma suka kaurace. Kotun koli ta Guatemala ta yi la'akari da kuri'ar ba ta da tasiri bayan da Goldcorp ya yi kalubalantar kuri'ar raba gardama.
A cikin shekarun da suka biyo baya, Goldcorp ya sami Glamis Gold da rahotanni daban-daban na kafofin watsa labaru, nazari, da shaidu sun fito, suna ba da shaida cewa aikin hakar ma'adinai, a gaskiya, yana haifar da lahani ga lafiyar jiki na al'ummomi. Wani bincike na Goldcorp's Environmental and Social Impact Assessment wanda Etech International ya gudanar ya gano "sharar gida na da matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaici don samar da acid da leach ya gurɓata." Har ila yau, an gano "bayanan da suka wanzu suna nuna cewa zaren wutsiya na iya yin ƙaura zuwa magudanar ruwa na madatsar wutsiya" kuma "cewa maganin ruwa ba zai magance kwararar gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwan ƙasa ba."
Ƙimar tasirin muhalli mara inganci ya zama matsala ga masana'antu. A cikin Disamba 2006 EARTHWORKS, wata ƙungiyar sa ido kan masana'antu, ta gudanar da bincike kan ma'adanai 25 a Amurka, inda ƙa'idodi da sa ido suka zarce na maƙwabtansu na Amurka ta Tsakiya. LABARIN DUNIYA sun gano “kashi 76 na ma’adinan da aka yi nazari sun zarce ka’idojin ingancin ruwa, koguna masu gurɓata ruwa, da ruwan ƙasa mai gurɓata mai guba, irin su gubar, mercury, arsenic, da cyanide.”
A cikin 2010, Likitoci don kare hakkin ɗan adam sun fitar da wani bincike mai zaman kansa na ma'adinan Marlin kuma sun ƙaddara "wasu mazaunan da ke zaune kusa da ma'adinan suna da matakan dalma mai yawa a cikin jininsu da kuma arsenic a cikin fitsari."
An kuma yi tir da zaluncin siyasa da aikata laifuka a matsayin abubuwan da ke haifar da rauni na tunani da zamantakewa tsakanin al'ummomin da abin ya shafa. A tsawon rayuwar ma'adinan Marlin ya zuwa yanzu, an bayar da sammacin kama mutane akalla 15 a kan al'ummar yankin da ke adawa da ma'adinan. Ana tuhumarsu da zarge-zarge daban-daban da suka hada da zagon kasa, daukar niyyar aikata laifi, da tayar da zaune tsaye. Takwas daga cikin ’yan uwa da aka zalunta mata ne, inda wasunsu suka gudu daga yankinsu don gudun kada a tsare su. Amma Gregoria Crisanta Perez, wadda aka ba ta sammacin kama ta biyu a shekara ta 2008, ta shaida, “Daga duniya muke rayuwa. Muna cin wake da masara. Zan ba da raina don in kare duk abin da ya dore mu. "
Legacy mai guba a Honduras
Carlos Amador na kwamitin kula da muhalli na kwarin Siria a Honduras ya yi magana game da yadda al'ummomin da ke cikin kwarin ya shafa. lalata muhalli da matsalolin kiwon lafiya da suka biyo baya masu alaƙa da ayyukan hakar ma'adinai na Goldcorp. "Me ya sa kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai na ƙasashen waje da suka zo daga Kanada suka damu da kuɗi, kuɗi, kuɗi, kuma ba sa damuwa da mu mutane," in ji Amador. “Muna fama da matsalar hakar ma’adinai na lalata shekaru 10. Suna kashe mu a hankali [kuma] gwamnatin Honduras tana taimaka musu."
Tun daga 2004, bincike mai zaman kansa ya kammala cewa ma'adinan San Martin na Goldcorp a cikin kwarin Siria, sashen Francisco Morazán, Honduras, ya kasance tushen gurɓata yanayi da gawarwakin mazauna gida. Wadannan binciken sun nuna matakan haɗari na sinadarai masu guba, irin su cyanide da arsenic, manyan karafa irin su gubar, da kuma faruwar magudanar ruwa na acid.
A cikin labarin Mayu 2006 don London's the Independent, Dan jarida Andrew Buncombe ya lura cewa ma'adinan San Martin na Goldcorp "ya nuna yadda-tare da an riga an kwashe ma'adinan zinare mafi dacewa a duniya-kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai yanzu suna amfani da hanyoyi masu lalata da guba a cikin kasashe masu tasowa don ciyar da bukatunmu na dindindin na wannan karfe mai daraja. ”
Buncombe ya kuma yi nuni da cewa, hanyoyin hakar ma'adinai da Goldcorp ke amfani da su, wadanda za su iya "samar da har zuwa tan 30 na datti ga kowane oza na zinariya da aka samar," an yi watsi da su a matsayin tushen matsalolin lafiya da kamfanin. Ya nakalto wani jami'in kamfani yana danganta matsalolin lafiya da "mummunan abinci" na gida Honduras.
A wani sauraron sauraron jama'a a Guadalajara, Mexico a cikin 2007, Kotun Ruwa ta Latin Amurka, mai cin gashin kanta, mai zaman kanta, kuma kungiyar kare hakkin muhalli ta kasa da kasa, ta yanke hukuncin cewa reshen Goldcorp a Honduras, Entre Mares, yana da "laifi kuma dole ne ya dauki alhakin amfani da bai dace ba. gurɓatar maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a yankin [Siria Valley] da haifar da lahani da haɗari ga yanayin halittu da lafiyar ɗan adam."
"Dole ne Goldcorp ya tsaftace aikinsa don kada mutanen kwarin Siria su kasance masu guba lokacin da kamfanin ya bar Honduras a karshen shekara."
A shekara ta 2008, kamfanin ya fara aikin da ake kira reclamation a wurin. A cikin shirin rufe kamfanin, babu wani shiri na magance matsalolin kiwon lafiyar mutane daga al'ummomin da ke kewaye da ma'adinan ya shafa. Amma abubuwan da membobin al'umma ke magana da kansu. Olanda Occosta, ta shaida wa kotun yadda take da gubar da kuma sinadarin arsenic a cikin jininta da kuma asarar gashi.
Rodolfo Arteaga, tsohon ma'aikacin Goldcorp, ya shaida cewa an gano shi yana da "mummunan mashako da ciwon huhu" wanda hakan ya sa ya kasa yin aiki kuma ya sha wahala ta hanyar rugujewar al'ummarsa, Old Palorama, inda ya rayu shekaru 37 a baya. ana tilasta musu sake tsugunar da su. "An kafa al'ummata a cikin 1880," in ji shi. "Abin da ya dauka shine kamfani ya zo a cikin Maris 2000 don lalata shi a cikin 'yan kwanaki."
A ƙarshe, Angel Torres, wani tsohon ma’aikacin ma’adinai na shekara takwas da ya kona kwantena na cyanide na kamfanin, ya kamu da cutar sankarar bargo kuma ya kasa yin aiki. Ya shaida wa kotun cewa 36 daga cikin abokan aikin sa na fama da munanan cututtuka, wasu kuma sun zama ba haifuwa, ya kara da cewa matan da ke aiki a cikin ma’adinan da ke hidimar abinci sun kamu da cutar kansar mahaifa.
Mexico
Los Filos, mafi girman ma'adinin zinare a Mexico dake cikin jihar Guerro, ya fara aiki a shekara ta 2007. Mexico ta shiga cikin manyan masu samar da zinare goma na duniya a bara a tsakiyar karuwar hako ma'adinai duk da tabarbarewar tattalin arziki da kuma "yakin kwayoyi" ya yi sanadiyar mutuwar sama da mutane 60,000 sannan wasu dubbai suka bace. Kamar yadda Wall Street Journal aka nuna a cikin labarin 18 ga Yuli, a Los Filos, “fiye da tan 70,000 na duniya a kullum ana cire su da bama-bamai da buldoza, sannan a kai su wani wuri da ke kusa inda ake amfani da tafkunan cyanide don hako ma’adinan.”
"A Meziko, a cikin shekaru 12 da suka gabata tare da gwamnatin masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, mun ga izinin izinin hako ma'adinai 26,000 a duk faɗin ƙasar," in ji Miguel Angel Mijangos, daga Cibiyar Sadarwar Ma'adinai ta Mexico (RE-MA) Kotun Koli. “Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na duk Mexico. Wannan ya kai girman fadada da muke gani a Mexico, kuma ya yi kama da abin da ke faruwa a Amurka ta tsakiya da sauran sassan duniya na uku."
Mijangos, daga Guerrero, Mexico, ya shaida cewa, a watan Yunin 2012, shekaru 6 da fara aiki na ma'adinan, an kiyasta cewa kashi 100 na gidaje a Carrizalillo suna da aƙalla ɗan gida ɗaya da ke fama da rashin lafiya mai nasaba da hakar ma'adinai. "Na zo nan don yarana, fiye da komai," in ji Petra Maturana, wata uwa biyu, wanda mahakar ma'adinan Los Filos ya shafa. Maturana ta shaida cewar an haifi danta na farko tare da nakasar cranium. Ta kuma ce ta yi fama da kuraje da blibo a jikinta. “Gaskiyar magana ita ce, kusan duk kudin da mai hakar ma’adinan ya ke samu, sai ya biya wa ‘ya’yansu matsalar lafiya. Ba su amfana da haka ba a ƙarshe,” in ji Maturana. "A gefe guda, yana da kyau suna samun kuɗi sosai, amma a daya bangaren, suna kashe kuɗi don rashin lafiyar su kuma yara ne suka fi fama da rashin lafiya."
Mijangos ya kuma nuna hanyar da Goldcorp ke amfani da yanayin gida don cimma mafi ƙarancin kwangila tare da al'ummomin da ke haɓaka ribar sa. "Goldcorp, a Carrizalillo, don fitar da oza ɗaya na zinariya, ya saka $430. Kudinsa kenan kuma suna sayar da shi akan $1,600. Anan a Guatemala, sun saka $19. Tsakanin dala 430 zuwa dala 19, akwai babban bambanci,” in ji Mijangos. “A can suna ba ku ƙari kuma a nan ba su ba ku kwata-kwata. Amma ko abin da suka ba mu bai isa mu warke ba kuma hakan a fili yake.”
M4 Against Model Development Development
A ranar 15 ga watan Yuli, alkalan kotun sun bukaci kamfanin Goldcorp ya biya diyya ga wadanda abin ya shafa a ayyukan hakar ma'adinai, da biyan diyya ga al'ummomi na baya, da na yanzu, da ci gaba da barnar da suka shafi lafiya da muhalli, tare da dakatar da duk wani aiki a Mesoamerica. Sun kammala da hukunci mai zuwa: “Mun sami Goldcorp da laifin ayyukan da ya yi a Honduras, Guatemala, da Mexico, wanda muka ga yana cutar da lafiya da ingancin rayuwa, yanayin muhalli, da ’yancin ƙetare. na ’yan asalin yankin da abin ya shafa.”
Ranar da ke biye da kotun, wakilai daga Mexico, Costa Rica, Panamá, El Salvador, da Guatemala sun hallara don ba da sanarwar farkon motsi na M4 - Mesoamerica Movement Against the Mining and Extraction Model. Wani shiri ne na haɗin kai na yanki don ci gaban yanki da tsaro na ƙasa daga hako ma'adinai da sauran samfuran ci gaba da aka kafa. Grace Garcia, wakiliya daga Costa Rica, ta raba nasarar yaƙin neman zaɓe na ƙasar baki ɗaya don zartar da dokar hana haƙar ma'adinai ta ƙasa. José Acosta ya raba matsalolin da ƙungiyar Salvadoran ta fuskanta bayan kamfanin Kanada Pacific Rim ya kai ƙarar gwamnatin El Salvador ta hanyar tsarin sasantawa na kofa wanda ya haɗa cikin tanadin haƙƙin masu saka hannun jari na Yarjejeniyar Ciniki Kyauta ta Tsakiyar Amurka (CAFTA).
An shigar da karar ne a lokacin da jihar ta ki amincewa da lasisin hakar kamfanin saboda adawar gida da kasa wajen hako ma’adinai. Olmedo Carrasquilla na Panama ya yi magana game da wasu hanyoyin ci gaban da al'ummomi ke aiwatarwa. Duk sun tabbatar da imaninsu cewa hakar ma'adinai shine "aikin da ya fi gurɓata da kuma keta haƙƙin ɗan adam a Mesoamerica" kuma sun sake tabbatar da buƙatar kawo ƙarshensa. Kamar yadda Gustavo Lozano, wakilin Cibiyar Yaƙi da Ma'adinai ta Mexica (REMA) ya ce: "Bincikenmu shi ne cewa kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai suna da dabarun ƙetare kuma dole ne mu daidaita gwagwarmayar ƙasashen duniya don fuskantar haƙar ma'adinai. M4 ta shirya kanta daidai don samar da fahimtar kowane gwagwarmayarmu don haka mu sami damar haɗin kai. Yunkurin matasa ne. Mun fara da aiwatar da ayyuka a Kanada a taron masu hannun jari na kamfanonin hakar ma'adinai. Za mu kawo hukuncin da kotun ta yanke wa gwamnatocinmu da kuma cibiyoyin kasa da kasa saboda ba za mu iya barin wadannan kamfanoni su zama ‘yan mulkin mallaka na kasashenmu ba.”
Nely Rivera de Silva, wanda ke aiki tare da Cibiyar Bincike kan Zuba Jari da Ciniki a El Salvador, kuma wanda ya yi aiki a matsayin ƙwararren mai ba da shaida a cikin Kotun, ya ce Kotun ta kasance abin hawa don ilimi, tsari, da 'yanci. Ta kuma kara da cewa: "Mutanen Kanada da Amurka dole ne su matsa lamba kan kasashensu don dakatar da mulkin mallaka na al'ummominmu."
Z
Beth Geglia yar fafutuka ce kuma mai ba da labari mai zaman kanta daga Washington DC. Ta zauna a Guatemala daga 2007-2009 tana aiki akan 'yancin ɗan adam da al'amuran adalci na muhalli. Cyril Mychalejko edita ne a www.UpsideDownWorld.org, wata mujalla ta kan layi wacce ta shafi Latin Amurka. Hotuna daga James Rodríguez, ɗan jarida mai zaman kansa (www. Mi-Mundo.org).