H
idn
zurfi a cikin hanji na kwanan nan da aka wuce 2002 Farm Bill - ba a sani ba
ga yawancin masu amfani, manoma, da masu biyan haraji-shi ne Sashe na 1079E,
baiwa Hukumar Abinci da Magunguna ta Amurka (FDA) ikon zuwa
amince da duk wata fasaha da ke iya kashe ƙwayoyin cuta a matsayin nau'i na
"Pasteurization." Kasuwancin agriba na kamfani yana raguwa
na tsawon shekaru sama da irin wannan sake fasalin domin ya ƙetare rashin tausayi
alamun gargaɗin mabukaci da share fage daga masana'anta mai ƙazanta
yanayin gona. Wani tanadi mai ban tsoro da aka binne a cikin 2002
Farm Bill Sashe na 442 ya ci gaba da gaba, yana hana Sashen Amurka
na Aikin Noma (USDA) daga hana rarraba iskar gas
abinci ta hanyar abincin rana na makarantar ƙasa da abinci na yara
shirye-shirye. Bayan duka ra'ayoyin shine Sen. Tom Harkin (D-IA), wanda ya ji daɗi
cin naman alade da aka lalata a matsayin matukin jirgin sojan ruwa a cikin 1960s
kuma har ma ya taimaka yanke ribbon a na'urar hasken lantarki na zamani
shuka in Sioux City. Yanzu haka da kafarsu a kofar
Gaba dayan abinci na al'ummar kasa, da kamfanonin samar da abinci
suna kashe suna gudu.
Tuni
wannan lokacin rani, gwajin gwajin burgers ya fara a da yawa
Dairy Queen gidajen cin abinci a Minnesota. Schwan's yanzu yana bayarwa
nama mai ba da haske zuwa ƙofofin mutane tare da shahararrun su
ice cream, yayin da Pick'n Ajiye sarkar kayan abinci ya gabatar
haskakawa ga abokan cinikinta a ko'ina cikin Midwest. A cikin Chicago
yankin da mutum zai iya jin daɗin 'ya'yan itace na wurare masu zafi daga Hawaii a Carrot
Manyan manyan kantunan. Yawancin wannan abincin nuked suna zuwa ne ta hanyar Sure-Beam,
Canjin farashin hannun jari na Titan Corporation. Sure-Beam's
ƙasidar rashin kulawa ta yi iƙirarin cewa abinci mai haske yana kiyaye NASA
'yan sama jannati lafiya da kuma cewa hasken wutar lantarkin sa na amfani da shi daidai
wutar lantarki azaman tanda microwave ko saitin talabijin. Yayin da mabukaci
Karɓar hamburger mai haske ya kasance mai dumi sosai (da
ɗanɗanon ɗanɗanon “sãniya mai tauri” na iya zama wani ɓangare na zargi…),
Tabbas Beam bai damu ba tunda-kamar yadda aka ruwaito a cikin
New York
Times
- tabbas zai iya zubar da kowane irin asiri
nama ya rage a farashin mai biyan haraji akan abincin rana na makarantar yara
tray.
wannan
Ba shi ne karon farko da ake ciyar da yara abinci mai guba ba
sabanin yadda suke so. A cikin 1997 an kammala shari'ar aikin aji
na kotu na dala miliyan 1.85 wanda ya shafi Quaker Oats da Massachusetts
Cibiyar Fasaha (MIT). Sama da yara maza 100 da suka kasance unguwanni
na jihar kuma ya zauna a Makarantar Fernald a Waltham, Massachusetts
a cikin 1940s da 1950s sun kasance marasa sani a cikin abinci mai gina jiki
gwaje-gwajen da suka haɗa da hatsin da aka saƙa da baƙin ƙarfe na rediyo da kuma alli.
A cewar masu shigar da karar, an ruguza yaran ne cikin sirrin
gwaje-gwaje akan shiga Fernald Science Club, iyayensu sun sanya hannu
siffofin yarda waɗanda ba su ce komai ba game da fallasa rediyo. I mana,
Wannan sabon gwajin makamin nukiliya na kasa baki daya ba zai samu wani abin yabo ba,
tunda an amince da cin abincin nuked yanzu USDA.
Whole
Abincin da ba shi da iska wanda ake siyarwa a cikin shagunan kayan abinci a halin yanzu ana buƙata
ɗauki alamar "radura" mai haskakawa, wanda ya dubi ƙarin
kamar koren fure mara lahani a cikin da'irar da aka karye (mai kama da kamanni
zuwa tambarin Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka) da iya
zama ƙanƙanta kamar farcen yatsa. Babu alamar gargaɗin mabukaci, kodayake,
ana buƙata don abubuwan da ba su da iska wanda aka gauraye su cikin wasu abubuwa-irin su
a matsayin abincin jarirai, daskararre lasagna, gwangwani miya, da ruwan 'ya'yan itace-ko
don shigarwar da ake yi a gidajen abinci, asibitoci, da makarantu. Mabukaci
dama sanin an jefar da ita ta taga da kuma dala miliyan 10 anti-label
PR blitz ta masana'antar nukiliya tana da niyyar kiyaye ta haka. Da yawa
mutane sun riga sun ci abinci mai guba a kullum ba tare da
yardarsu ko ma sani. Sauran samfuran masu amfani, kamar
tampons, band AIDS, kayan shafawa, bambaro, da tsaftacewa mafita ga
ruwan tabarau na sadarwa, an kuma ba su "hasken kore"
don maganin iska mai guba.
wannan
tuƙi zuwa zapping duk abin da muke cinye tare da ionizing radiation
Haƙiƙa wani ɓangare ne na babban yaƙin neman zaɓe na kamfanoni don sauya samar da abinci
zuwa Kudancin Duniya. Jami'an USDA sun yi jayayya da cewa hasken wuta
"yana da matukar mahimmanci" don cinikin abinci na duniya tun
yana saukaka sufuri mai nisa. Hasken iska yana faɗaɗawa
tsarin rayuwar kayan amfanin gona ta hanyar kashe ƙwayoyin cuta da sauran kwari da
har ma da rufewa da gurɓatawar nama. Idan daya
na iya kashe kwayoyin cutar da ke da alhakin wannan “washin wari,”
mutane ba za su sake gane botulism ba. gwamnatocin Yamma
sun kuma yi matukar sha'awar sanya kudaden masu biyan haraji a wurin kamfanoninsu
bakin ne ta hanyar canja wurin fasahar taimakon kasashen waje. Misali,
a cikin 1987 Hukumar Raya Ƙasa ta Kanada (CIDA) ta keɓe
Dala miliyan 4.8 don gina masana'antar sarrafa iska a cikin abinci
Tailandia za ta yi amfani da shrimp, mango, da gwanda da aka ƙaddara don duniya
kasuwar abinci. Tsammanin wannan yanayin, Brazil ta zama sarki
na iskar abinci tare da tsire-tsire 11 masu aiki da ionization da wani
21 a karkashin gini. An riga an sami abinci mai iska a cikin 33
kasashe-komai daga gari zuwa wake.
wani
m gaisuwa ga abinci mai guba masana'antar nukiliya,
tana da sha'awar nemo aikace-aikacen farar hula masu fa'ida ga sojojinta
aikin hannu. Eisenhower's Atoms for Peace shirin da farko ya gabatar
amfani da isotopes na rediyoaktif don amincin abinci a cikin shekarun 1950. A ciki
1970s ita ce Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE) wacce ke toshewa
iskancin abinci a ƙarƙashin Shirin Amfani da Kayayyakin sa. Zuwa 1980
wani “kwamitin ƙwararru,” wanda Hukumar Lafiya ta Duniya ta kira
(WHO), Hukumar Abinci da Aikin Noma (FAO), da kuma—abin mamaki,
mamaki-makamashi da kamfanoni na kasa da kasa makamashin nukiliya
Hukumar (IAEA) ta ba da albarkar ta ba tare da wata shakka ba ga hasarar abinci.
A farkon 1986 FDA ta amince da hasken wuta don kayan yaji, 'ya'yan itatuwa,
da kayan lambu kuma an fadada wannan zuwa kiwon kaji ta 1990. A cikin 1997
FDA ta kuma amince da sakawa a iska mai jan nama, bayan ta karbi a
koke daga Isomedix, wani kamfani na New Jersey wanda ya riga ya fara aiki
wurare 16 don haskaka kayan aikin likita da kwantena abinci mara komai.
na al'ada
Radiation abinci yana amfani da cobalt 60 da ceium 137-dukansu na nukiliya
abubuwan sharar gida-don samar da hasken gamma mai ƙarfi. A cikin al'ada
wurin wani ma'aikacin ɗan adam yana motsa dakunan abinci na aluminum zuwa ɗaki
tare da kaurin kauri ƙafa shida sannan kuma ya fallasa abin da ake nufi ga tarkace
na "fensir" da aka ɗaga daga tafkin ruwa. Abun ciki
Hatsari na irin wannan tsari ya kamata a bayyana a fili. Don bayarwa amma
misali ɗaya, a cikin 1988 Radiation Sterilizers Inc. (RSI) a Dekalb,
Jojiya ta karɓi cesium na 252 “miƙa mini”
137 gwangwani daga Ma'aikatar Makamashi ta Amurka (DOE) don haskakawa
na kayan yaji. A cikin shekaru biyu daya daga cikin gwangwani ya shiga ciki
wurin ajiyar ajiya, ma'aikata sun fallasa-bibiyar rediyoaktif
ruwa a cikin motocinsu da gidajensu - kuma ta hanyar 1992 ginin ya kasance
don haka gurbace sai a yi watsi da shi, a bar masu biyan haraji da a
Dala miliyan 47 na tsaftacewa.
A
dabarar saka iska a abinci na baya-bayan nan yana amfani da “e katako” daga
mai kara kuzari, amma wannan kawai yana ratsa abinci har zuwa inci guda
da rabi da girma/kauri kayan abinci (kamar nama) galibi suna buƙata
karin-kuma mafi tsada-ray-ray. Titan Corporation, wanda
ya zo da ra'ayin "e beam" daga Star Wars mai gudana
bincike, yana samun babban kashi 80 na kudaden shiga daga Amurka
masu biyan haraji ta hanyar DOE da Pentagon. Kamar yawancin makarantun gwamnati,
Jami'ar Wisconsin, a halin yanzu tana gudanar da bincike na Star Wars
hade da ƙirƙirar kwamfutoci masu tushen DNA na hypernetic, yana riƙe da $53,000
darajar hannun jari na Titan a cikin Asusun Amintacce, kuma yana iya yin aiki
abinci mai ban sha'awa ga dalibai, ma'aikata, da malamai ta hanyar daban-daban
gidajen cin abinci na kamfanoni.
The
Adadin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda aka kashe ta hanyar radiation sun dogara gaba ɗaya
akan lokaci da tsawon fallasa-tare da mutuwar kashi 100
da wuya a samu. Iradiation, kamar chlorine, ba lallai ba ne
lalata spores, cysts, ƙwayoyin cuta, prions, ko wasu masu jure yanayin halitta
cututtuka. Hakanan baya cire taki, fitsari,
muji, amai, guba, ciwace-ciwace, da sauran sharar abinci, haka ma ba zai iya ba
hana gurɓatawar gaba daga ƙazantattun kayan aiki, yankan saman,
hannayen da ba a wanke ba, da sauransu. Tabbas, "lalacewar lamuni"
zuwa "kwayoyin da ba na manufa" sun riga sun bayyana a fili mai raɗaɗi,
kamar yadda shaida ta tasirin kiwon lafiya ga ma'aikatan gwamnati a DC tilastawa
don sarrafa saƙon da ba a bayyana ba bayan harin 9/11 na anthrax.
Rahotannin kafafen yada labarai sun nuna cewa sama da ma'aikatan Sabis na Wasikun Amurka 100
kuma sama da ma’aikatan Majalisa da na Majalisar Zartarwa 250 sun sha wahala
iri-iri iri-iri na bayyanar cututtuka, daga hancin jini da na yau da kullun
ciwon kai ga raunukan fata da tingling sensations.
Ba kamar
dafa abinci na yau da kullun, lokacin da abinci ya nutse, yawancin haɗin sinadarai sun lalace,
barin bayan sawu na free radicals, ions, da sauran radiolytic
byproducts. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan mahadi an riga an san suna da haɗari
ga lafiyar dan adam idan an sha, kamar formaldehyde, octane, formic
Acid, butane, methyl propane, da benzene. Wasu kawai an gano su
a matsayin "samfurori na rediyolytic" (URPs) - cyclobutanones
kamar 2-DCB zama misali-kuma waɗannan ba a samo su ta halitta ba
a ko'ina a duniya sai a cikin kayan abinci da ba su da iska. An yi
babu gwajin aminci na tarayya da ɗan binciken kimiyya
URPs. An san su suna dagewa har zuwa shekaru goma a abinci da wasu
masana suna fargabar hakan ya dade yana haifar da ciwon daji da lahani na haihuwa.
Rashin iska
Hakanan yana lalata dukkan nau'ikan bitamin, enzymes, ƙwayoyin cuta masu lafiya,
muhimman fatty acids, da sauran abubuwan gina jiki da ake samu ta halitta
a cikin abinci duka. Matsalolin 'yanci da aka samar ta hanyar iska mai iska suna da gaske
"Sinadarai na 'yan daba," rupturing cell membranes, mutating wasu,
da lalata bitamin. Misali, har zuwa kashi 91 na bitamin
B6 a cikin naman sa, kashi 80 na bitamin A cikin kwai, kashi 50 na bitamin
A cikin ruwan 'ya'yan itace karas, kashi 37 na bitamin B1 a cikin hatsi, da kashi 30 cikin dari
na bitamin C a cikin dankali ya ɓace tare da haskakawa. Agribusiness na kamfani
yana da sauri don magance cewa sarrafawa da dafa abinci kuma suna lalata bitamin,
amma muna da gaske muna son hanzarta wannan karkatar da ƙasa a cikin abinci mai gina jiki
darajar? Ba lallai ba ne a faɗi, ƙattafan abinci suna da sha'awa ta musamman
ƙarfafa abinci iri ɗaya da suke ƙasƙanta da tallata abinci mai gina jiki
kari. Kimanin kashi 40 na mutane a Amurka tuni
pop-bitamin kwayoyi. Bincike ya nuna cewa hasken wuta yana raguwa
kuma yana gurbata ɗanɗano, kuma-har ma da IBP, ɗaya daga cikin na ƙasa
manyan nama, sun damu sosai game da gaskiyar cewa hasken wuta
"lalle" ya canza launi da dandano na nama (
New
York Times).
Ma
Kattai na agribusiness kamar Smithfield, Cargill/Excel, da Conagra,
ko da yake, irradiation shine "harsashi na azurfa" wanda zai bari
suna guje wa tunawa da nama mai tsada kuma suna guje wa duk wani tsaftacewa mai yawa
gurbacewa a noman masana'anta. Idan mutum ya karanta kwanan nan fallasa-irin su
Gail Eisnitz's
Gidan yanka-
daya yana da wuya
don samun ci gaba sosai a masana'antar hada nama a yau. A ciki
a gaskiya, masana da yawa suna jayayya cewa ayyukan dabbobi da nama na zamani
a zahiri suna sa matsalolin cututtuka su fi muni. Misali, A kwanan nan Cornell
Binciken jami'a ya nuna cewa tilasta ciyar da shanun hatsin hatsi
a cikin wuraren abinci kafin a yanka-tare da koren abinci na halitta
akan makiyaya—yana ƙara gurɓatar E. coli da kashi 300.
Wani al'adar agribusiness na kowa na dunking gawar kaji
a cikin "miyan najasa" na tankuna masu sanyi don ƙara su
adana nauyi tare da ƙara ruwa kafin jigilar kaya zuwa dillalai kusan
yana bada garantin bullar cutar kwayan cuta. Wata guda kafin godiya,
Alhaji Pride ya tuna fam miliyan 27.5 na shirye-shiryen ci
kaji da kayan turkey saboda cutar Listeria cewa
ya riga ya kashe mutane 7 a jihohi 7 (
New York Times).
Casual
amfani da kwayoyin cuta wani abu ne da ke taimakawa. Sama da kashi 80 na
Magungunan rigakafi da ake amfani da su a halin yanzu a aikin gona na Amurka ba su da mahimmanci
dalilai-kamar abinci mai magani wanda ke motsa ci gaban dabba.
Kashi 50 cikin ɗari na karuwar mastitis (cutar nono) ƙimar allura
na recombinant bovine girma hormone (rBGH) kuma yana nufin ƙari, sau da yawa
ba bisa ka'ida ba, amfani da ƙwayoyin rigakafi wanda ya zama ragowar a cikin madara biyu,
nama, da kuma samar da ruwan mu, albarkacin kwararar taki daga masana'anta
gonaki. Sakamakon ya kasance tashin hankali mai ban tsoro a cikin nau'ikan juriya
kwayoyin cuta a yanzu suna yin barna a sassan asibitocin kasarmu.
Bayyanar hasken iska zai ƙara haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar ƙarin
"super germs," wanda shine dalilin da ya sa wasu daga cikin manyan abokan adawa
na abinci mai guba (da kuma maganin rigakafi na subtherapeutic) masanan halittu ne,
likitocin dabbobi, likitoci, da ma'aikatan jinya.
Duk da yake
ba bisa ka'ida ba a fasaha bayan barkewar cutar mahaukaciyar shanu a Turai,
yawancin masu aikin gona na Amurka suna ci gaba da ciyar da dabbobin
ragowar sauran dabbobi, sau da yawa a cikin hanyar sarrafa jini/kashi
abinci, da sauran kashe-kashen hanya da dabbobi, da
kamar yadda furotin madara (MPC), ya zame cikin abubuwan abinci.
Wannan aikin yana da ban sha'awa musamman ga masu aikin kiwo na masana'anta,
waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin furotin da calcium a cikin tsarin ciyar da su
rama adadin madarar da ba ta dace ba da aka cusa daga cikin shanu
rBGH. A wasu lokuta, ana ba da kayan ciki na dabbobin da aka yanka
komawa ga wasu "makowa a cikin layi" a wuraren yanka.
Irin wannan "cin naman mutane" yana yaduwa cikin sauƙi prions, ƙwayoyin cuta,
kwayoyin cuta, da sauran cututtuka tsakanin dabbobi da kuma fadin jinsin.
Ciwon ɓata lokaci na yau da kullun (CWD) yanzu yana kamuwa da barewa ta Midwestern,
kuma masu yuwuwar mafarautan Midwestern, shine kawai ƙarshen ƙanƙara.
Nama na ci gaba da dawo da nama da sauran dabaru don fitar da kowane karshe
oza na nama daga gawawwakin dabbobi yana kara tsananta wannan haɗari
Trend tun yana nufin ƙarin kasusuwa, jijiyoyi, guringuntsi, ligaments,
da nama na kashin baya a cikin ƙananan nama wanda aka ƙaddara don pizza abinci mai sauri,
hamburger, da taco kantuna.
nama
shirya hadaddiyar giyar da layukan taro masu hanzari wasu biyu ne a sarari
abubuwan da ke haifar da yaɗuwar gurɓataccen iska mai iska
nufin "warware." Daya daga cikin sitiyarin da ya kamu da cutar ya jefa cikin kamfani
hamburger grinder sannan aka sake rabawa zuwa kayan abinci da gidan abinci
sarƙoƙi a duk faɗin ƙasar na iya kashe mutane da yawa cikin sauƙi cikin rabin dozin
jihohi. The degulation da privatization na nama dubawa karkashin
gwamnatocin Clinton/Bush sun yi wannan mummunan yanayin ne kawai
mafi muni. Wani fallasa kwanan nan ta Jama'a ya nuna cewa USDA's
sabon Tsaftar Nama mai Mahimmanci (HACCP) Analysis Hazard
shirin ya kasance abin dariya game da amincin abinci. Misali, naman Cargil/Excel
shuka, wanda ke da alhakin barkewar E. coli a Wisconsin wanda ya kashe
yaro daya kuma ya raunata wasu 500, sun yi rajistar HACCP guda biyu na farko
tare da launuka masu tashi, amma sai a lokacin "biki" na watanni 15
Tsakanin binciken da aka wajabta ya sami ƙasƙanci 26 don
gurɓataccen fecal ba tare da wani aiki na tsari ba. Memo na kwanan nan
daga Sabis ɗin Safety Abinci na USDA (FSIS) ya faɗo
ga 'yan jarida (
Lokacin New York
s) sake fasalin "gubawa"
ma'anar "tabbataccen najasa (tare da) yanayin fibrous" da
ya ci gaba da gargadin masu binciken cewa za a dora musu alhakin kansu
don ribar kamfani da ta ɓace daga "marasa hujja"
layin taro yana tsayawa.
Food
irradiation shine "taimakon band" na ɗan gajeren lokaci don ƙarin
tsarin gonakin masana'anta ya jawo rashin lafiyar tsarin abinci na kamfanoni. Masu amfani
kada ku saya cikin ma'anar tsaro ta karya ta wannan
“high tech” mai sauri gyara kuma bai kamata masu biyan haraji su jure tallafin ba
shi-ko ta hanyar shirin Star Wars na Pentagon ko
shirin USDA ta makaranta. Ƙoƙarin tushen tushe yanzu
yana gudana don ba da umarni na gaskiya a cikin lakabi, gina mabukaci
kauracewa duk wani gurbataccen kayayyaki, allon makaranta
da sauran zababbun jami'ai da su hana kayan abinci masu guba daga jama'a
cibiyoyi, kuma in ba haka ba, mayar da wannan batacciyar fasahar zuwa
dakin kurajen dakin gwaje-gwaje inda yake. Kamar yadda Michael Hart, Bature
manomi wanda ya ziyarci Wisconsin a kan yawon shakatawa na magana a ƙarshen bazara
ya lura, “Bana son cin ɗanɗano—danye, dafaffe, ko
mai ban tsoro."
John
E. Peck dalibi ne da ya kammala karatun digiri a UW-Madison, ya girma a kan kadada 260
farm a tsakiyar Minnesota, kuma a halin yanzu shi ne babban darektan
Iyali Farm Defenders.