Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
San
Francisco: Hasken gari, 2002
review
by
Elizabeth martinez
wannan
Gem na littafi yana haskakawa tare da wahayi game da abin da shekarun 1960 suka kasance
kamar wata mace 'yar Indiya mai aiki daga Oklahoma ta juya
Mace-Marxist mai juyi a kan hanyarta ta karkashin kasa. Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz
shi ne kuma, kuma ba kasafai nake amfani da kalmar ba, mai fafutuka/malamai/marubuci na musamman.
Gudunmawarta ta samo asali ne daga jagoranci a harkar mata
zuwa aikin haɗin kai na dogon lokaci tare da Nicaraguans don ba da tallafin karatu
ya samar da ayyuka masu yawa a kan gwagwarmayar ’yan asalin ƙasar zuwa shekaru 20
a matsayin mai fafutukar kare hakkin dan Adam na kasa da kasa a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya
wakiltar kungiyar da ba ta gwamnati ba.
rataya
a kan hulunanku, domin wannan littafin shima mai ban sha'awa ne, karantawa mai kyau.
A cikin littafin da ya gabata Jan Datti: Girman Okie, marubucin
ta bayyana shekarunta na farko a cikin keɓe, wariyar launin fata, yankunan karkara da suka mamaye
ta anti-communism amma tare da al'adar Wobbly tsage a cikinta
Iyalinsu waɗanda suka kafa misali na siyasa masu tsattsauran ra'ayi masu aiki
tare da tuno irin takurawar da ta fuskanta. Ta farko
shekara a Jami'ar Oklahoma, ta riga ta zama anti-imperialist
da masu adawa da wariyar launin fata, tare da mai da hankali kan Gabas ta Tsakiya da Afirka ta Kudu.
Muguwar mace, sabon littafin a cikin abin da zai zama memoir mai juzu'i 3,
ta same ta a San Francisco a 1960 tana da shekaru 21 tare da miji wanda
yana son matar gargajiya kuma baya samun ta a cikin "Roxie."
ba
cewa marubucin ya watsar da duk babban taron nan da nan. Na wani lokaci ta
ita ce "yar karamar uwar gida" kuma ta sa gashinta a tsakiyar aji
"Jackie Kennedy bouffant" salon zamanin. Ana cin zarafi
a kan titi a gundumar Tenderloin ta San Francisco ta wani buguwa
macen da ta yi kururuwa “kana tunanin kai wani abu ne, kar ka
ka, fitacciyar mace?" ya kasance mabudi ne ta girgiza tunaninta masu raɗaɗi
na uwa mai cin zarafi, mashaya kuma a lokaci guda ta zo ga ƙiyayya
matar da ta dace ita, Roxanne, ta zama. Daga nan marubucin
ya tafi dogon gashin kai da kwararriyar shaguna, masoya daban-daban,
samun 'ya mace da rasa miji, da tsanani, akai-akai
karatu a makarantar digiri. Muna bibiyar cigaban siyasarta cikin sauri,
musamman tasirin jin Malcolm X yayi magana, da kuma fitowa fili
mata.
Tun da farko,
keɓewar da ta fara samu a cikin hulɗarta da San Francisco
masu fafutuka suna dauke da sakon da bai kamata a manta da shi a yau ba.
Zuwan daga karkarar Oklahoma, bai taba faruwa gare ta cewa za ta iya ba
kawai shiga zanga-zangar; ta dauka sai an gayyato daya. Don haka yaushe
ta ci karo da teburin karatu inda CORE ke daukar mutane
ga ’Yancin da ke tafiya ta Kudu, “Ya zama kamar wata
kulob na musamman wanda ba zan iya shiga ba." Yin tunani watakila
ta iya yin aikin ofis na sa kai, ta yi aikin jijiya
rana don kusanci tebur. Cikin shakku, cikin lafazin kudanci, ta
Ya tambaye ku: “Dukkanku za ku yi magana da turawan matalauta ƙasa
akwai?" Ba tambayar da tayi niyya ba ce
ta tsallake ranta. Amsa yayi dogon kallo, sannan ya biyo baya
duka kin amincewa.
The
"Cikin motsin motsi" haɗari ne wanda Dunbar-Ortiz
kar a manta, ba tare da kullun guduma a kai ba. Lokacin da mutum ya shiga
'yan kallo a wajen wani taron yaki da yaki inda take magana ta tambayi abokin tafiyarta,
Homer, "Kai ba ɗaya ba ne a cikin su masu zaman lafiya, ko?"
ta bayyana wannan lokacin tare da jin daɗi na abokantaka kuma babu ɗayan masu ba da tallafi
ko kuma sautin son kai da ya ji a wani waje.
In
wannan da sauran hanyoyin, launi na mahallin marubucin
littafinta. Lokacin da ta ƙarshe ta shawo kan wannan rashin jin daɗi na farko,
yunƙurinta na farko na siyasa shine shirya ƙungiyar - a wannan yanayin,
na malaman jami'a da daliban digiri kamar ta (a Jami'ar
California Los Angeles). Ta katse babbar alaƙa guda ɗaya
saboda yanayin babban mutum da kallon duniya ya zama
takura.
The
mafi fayyace lokacin wayewarta mai aiki ya zo bayanta
nunin wani shirin gaskiya game da mamayar Columbia da SDS ke jagoranta
Jami'a. Samari sanye da rigunan bama-bamai da takalmi babur
kewaye da dandamali, haranguing masu sauraro game da yadda za a zama a
ainihin juyin juya hali, dole ne ku kashe iyayenku. Dunbar-Ortiz
yana kallon wani ma'aikacin Latino mai matsakaicin shekaru wanda ya zo kan mataki don saitawa
wani lectern, wanda masu sunan Uwa suka yi watsi da su. Tana tunani
na mahaifinta, wanda ya yi aiki a makaranta bayan ya bar rabon amfanin gona
da yadda yayanta da yayanta, dalibai a makaranta daya,
kunyar mahaifinsu ya kasance mai kula da gidan. Yanzu ta gani
ma'aikacin Latino ya taurare da kalmomin "kashe iyayenku"
yayin da yake juyowa ya fuskanci masu sauraro cikin firgici.
In
wannan littafin cigaban marubucin ta hanyar gida,
abubuwan da suka faru na ƙasa da ƙasa sun yi daidai da abubuwan da suka faru tare da a
Gudu mai ban sha'awa wanda ke haskaka wahayi da kuma
kalubalen zamanin. Muna tuhumar ta hanyar juyin juya halin Cuban, kisan gilla
na Shugaba Kennedy da Martin Luther King, anti-apartheid
motsi, zanga-zangar yaƙin Vietnam, tawayen 1967 don haƙƙin ƙasa
a New Mexico, Che Guevara da kama shi, SDS, motsi na kudanci
da Anne Braden, 1970 Chicano Moratorium a kan yakin da
'yan sanda sun kashe Chicanos uku a wannan rana - gaba daya, na duniya
kaleidoscope na bil'adama a cikin gwagwarmaya. Jigogi biyu sun fito don ficewa
a cikin juyin halittar Dunbar-Ortiz na sirri.
The
na farko ita ce ta mata, wanda aka ƙaddamar lokacin da ta karanta Simon de Beauvoir's
Jima'i na Biyu kuma ya fara ganin iyali a matsayin tushen
zalunci mace. Sai aka kama ta a cikin wani mummunan hukunci
lokacin da ta ji labarin Valeria Solanas ta harbe Andy Warhol kuma ta saki
sanarwar da aka fi sani da SCUM (Ƙungiyar Yanke Maza).
Tana karanta wannan labarin a Mexico, ta bar nan da nan zuwa Boston
sami Solanas maimakon tafiya zuwa Cuba kamar yadda aka tsara.
Ta haka
ta fara matsayinta na jagoranci a harkar mata da
samuwar Cell 16 da mujallarta Babu Karin Nishaɗi da Wasanni
tare da sa hannun sa na Tae Kwan Do kariyar kai don
mata. A cikin sukar jima'i da ke nuna juyin juya hali
gwagwarmaya a duniya, ciki har da shugabanni Che Guevara da Fidel
Castro, ta yi nasarar samun daidaiton da ba kasafai ake samu ba a cikin mata
motsi. Ta gano ra'ayin juyin juya hali da ya mamaye
a matsayin tushen jiha kuma yana ganin kasa-kasa a matsayin tushen asali
mahalu .i.
The
littafin zeroes a kan batutuwan da aka yi muhawara da yawa na lokacin, kamar da'awar
cewa gwagwarmayar ‘yantar da mata za ta haifar da rarrabuwar kawuna.
Ana ta faman tashe-tashen hankula a gida ma, ta
kallon duniya ya fara karkata hankalinsa daga 'yantar da mata
a matsayin mahimmanci, tsakiya, maɓalli ga kowane juyin juya hali don sake tantancewa
na siyasarta zuwa ga hukuncin da ake bukata na karkashin kasa, da makamai
gwagwarmaya.
The
Littafin epilogue mai suna "Un-Forgetting" (a cikin Hellenanci,
kalmar gaskiya) ita ce tabbatar da yakin
shekaru kamar "Lokacin juyin juya hali na gaske [ba] iyakance ga
Amurka ko zuwa tsara daya. Wani sabon abu ya faru a lokacin,
wani abu mai zurfi da tsattsauran ra'ayi fiye da kowane lokaci a tarihi."
So
da yawa don duk ɓarna ko ɓarna na "sittin"
da ke addabar mu a yau. Don haka da yawa don ayyana waɗannan shekarun kawai ta
tsattsauran ra'ayin dalibai farar fata da wasu bakar fata. Don haka da yawa
soyayyar da ke hana matasa a yau koyi
muhimman darussa na zamanin. Kawai karanta wannan littafin kuma gano menene
cewa "wani sabon abu" ya kasance, a idanun wani abu mai ban mamaki
jaruma mace.
Elizabeth
(Betita) Martinez marubucin Chicana ne kuma farfesa. Ta kasance
mai yaki da wariyar launin fata tsawon shekaru 40.