D
escus
abubuwan ban tsoro da ke fuskantar waɗanda ke gwagwarmaya don ingantattun al'ummomi a duk faɗin
a duniya, akwai kasashe kalilan a doron kasa inda shugabannin kungiyar kwadago suke
za su iya shiga ofisoshinsu ne kawai ta hanyar hawa daga jeeps masu hana harsashi,
kewaye da jami'an tsaro rike da kananan makamai masu sarrafa kansu, don tafiya
ta wani dakin karfe da aka tanadar da kofofin karfe na lantarki, da
daga karshe fara aiki a ofishin hana bam. Wannan ba bayanin ba ne
na kasar Afirka ta tsakiya mai fama da talauci ko kuma jamhuriyar ayaba.
Wannan shine ɗayan tsoffin “dimokraɗiyya” na Latin Amurka.
Wannan kasa ce da ke da wasu kayayyaki da ake so da kuma
kasa mafi arziki a duniya. Wannan ita ce Colombia.
Daya
Ana kashe malami ko malami kowane mako a Colombia wannan
shekara - daga malamai 27 da aka kashe a 1999 zuwa 83 da aka kashe a
2002. Wannan ya sa tsari a FECODE — mafi girma a Colombia
ƙungiyar—kusan ba zai yiwu ba a yankuna da dama na ƙasar. Casa'in da biyar
kashi dari na wadannan cin zarafi ana yin su ne ta hanyar kashe-kashe na soja - matsananci
'yan bindiga na hannun dama, wadanda suka rubuta alaka da jami'in
sojoji da hukumomi. Wata kungiya ta musamman da ake kira
An kafa Mutuwar Kungiyar Kwadago. Me yasa hakan ke faruwa?
"Saboda sun san za su iya tserewa da shi," wani wanda abin ya shafa
dan uwa ya fada mana. Rashin hukunci daga tuhuma shine al'ada a Colombia.
It
yana da wuya a wuce ra'ayin da wannan ta'addanci ya shafi
tsirarun shugabannin kungiyar masu tsattsauran ra'ayi wadanda ke adawa da su gaba daya
gwamnati. Ga kowane lamari na kisan gilla, akwai ɗaruruwa
na matsalolin ƙaura—malamai na tserewa gidajensu saboda ciwo
na mutuwa. Wani malamin ilimin zamantakewa na makarantar sakandare daga Risaralda
Sashen, kusa da birnin Peirera, ya sami katin ta'aziyya
yana gayyatarta zuwa ga jana'izarta. Hakan ya biyo bayan kiran waya,
wasiƙu, da mutanen da ke bin gidanta. Ta san malamai ne
harbi a gaban dalibansu.
wani
Malami ya yi aiki a wata makaranta da ke wajen Bogota tsawon shekaru 23. Zalunta
ya fara shekaru 15 da suka gabata. An kai hari gidanta sau da yawa. Kamar duk wanda aka zalunta
’yan kungiyar kwadago, ana zarginta da zama ‘yar daba-dabaru
wannan yawanci yana nufin ana saita ku don "tsabta"
ayyuka. Haka kuma an yi wa ‘ya’yanta mata guda biyu hari. Ta fada
mu yadda aka yi garkuwa da mijinta, sannan jami'an tsaro suka kashe shi.
'Ya'yanta mata ma ba su iya zuwa makabarta don ganin nasu
kabarin uba.
Teachers
kuma ba malamai ne kawai ake kai hari a cikin al'umma ba-shi
Hakanan ya shafi lauyoyi masu ci gaba, firistoci, ɗalibai, kowane nau'i
ƴan ƙungiyar ƙwadago, ko kuma ƙananan manoma waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin
wuri mara kyau, yawanci kusa da bututun mai. Sashen Arauca
gwamnati ta mayar da shi wani yanki na soja-me
wani malami da aka kwatanta a matsayin "laboratory for yaki." A cikin
farkon watanni 8 na aikin soja, an kama 3,000, a can
an kai samame 1,300 a gidajen mutane, da mutane 90,000
an shigar da bayanansu cikin rumbun adana bayanai na tsaro.
Bacewa
su ne ma mafi tasiri kayan aikin ta'addanci da zalunci fiye da
kisan gilla. A cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata mutane 5,000 sun “bace”
a hannun jami’an tsaro. Yawancin wadanda suka bace daga karshe
gawarwakinsu - gawarwakinsu na dauke da alamun mafi muni
azabar da za a iya kwatantawa.
The
Amsar da gwamnati ta bayar ita ce, duk wannan karya ce - bace
sun gudu zuwa ga ’yan daba, an yi garkuwa da su, ko sun gudu
tare da masoyansu. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin mafi sanyi-zuciya
martani ga bacewar dan uwa, amma amsa ce
wanda ke baiwa gwamnati damar sauke nauyin da ke kanta
a karkashin dokar kasa da kasa.
dalibai
su ne kuma manyan hari. Ana zana alli na jikin a kan
ƙasa a ƙofar Jami'ar Ƙasa a Bogotá,
wakiltar daliban da ta'addancin suka kashe kuma suka bace
kayayyakin more rayuwa a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. A cikin damuwa na musamman
ci gaban, ɗalibai a Jami'ar Altantico a Antioquia
an kashe su ne a gaban wani aji da suke ciki
koyar.
"The
Tashin hankali ya shafi harkar dalibai a tarihi, amma
a cikin 1990s danniya ya fara yin tsanani sosai," wata kungiya
na daliban shari’a a Jami’ar Kasa sun bayyana, “da
yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da juriya a cikin ƙaramin adadin
Jami'o'in gwamnati na adawa da mayar da hannun jari da kuma aikin soja
tsarin jami'a."
In
Cucuta, jami'an tsaro sun sanya dokar hana fita a kan matasa. Makarantar dare
dalibai sun bar kwasa-kwasansu cikin tsoro. Mata dalibai sun
an hana shi sanya matsattsun saman da wando jeans. An fuskanci hukunci
fitar da acid da ake jefawa dalibai masu laifi ko kuma wuka
sun kasance suna yanke fatar cikinsu.
jami'o'in
Ana kuma shigar da su cikin “mai ba da labari na Shugaba Uribe
network." Tunawa da manufofin da aka bi a cikin abin da aka saba
wanda aka bayyana a matsayin jihohin 'yan sanda, Uribe na da burin gina mutum miliyan daya
cibiyar sadarwa na idanu da kunnuwa ga jihar Colombia. Wannan yana kasancewa
An bi su da ƙarfi musamman a harabar makarantar inda aka ce mana “akwai
ko da yaushe wani a shirye ya nuna shugabannin dalibai." A cikin
Shekaru 5 da suka wuce tsakanin 60 zuwa 70 shugabannin dalibai sun bace.
wadannan
Ba za a iya ganin abubuwan ban tsoro ba a ware daga manufofin tattalin arziki na
gwamnati. Gwamnati ta rattaba hannu kan shirin ci gaba
tare da IMF, wanda zai kara wa talakawa nauyin haraji
yayin da aka yi niyya don warware matsalar tsaro. Kamfanoni masu zaman kansu
ana shigo da su cikin fannin ilimi da manufofin tattalin arziki
yana gudana ne wanda ke da nufin mayar da manyan makarantu masu zaman kansu. Lambobin malamai
sun fadi daga 312,000 zuwa 280,000. An daskare daukar ma'aikata -
lokacin da malamai suka bar aikinsu saboda kowane dalili
ba a maye gurbinsa ba. Yawancin malamai da suka riƙe ayyukan yi sun sami nasu
kwangila sun canza daga cikakken lokaci, aiki na dindindin zuwa na wucin gadi
kwangiloli. A cikin 1990 kusan kashi 90 na ma'aikatan jami'a sun kasance
aiki a kan kwangiloli na dindindin. Yanzu wannan ya ragu zuwa kusan 10
kashi dari. Sabbin kwangilolin wucin gadi za a iya soke su a lokaci guda
sanarwa ba tare da buƙatar dalili ba.
The
ƴan tsirarun mutane ne ke sarrafa kafofin watsa labarai ko dai
yayi watsi da ko karkatar da rikici don ya zama kamar shine babban
Batun kare hakkin dan Adam a kasar shi ne garkuwa da mutane
masu arziki ta kungiyoyin 'yan daba na hagu.
Tsohon
Shugaban kungiyar kwadago, yanzu dan majalisa, Wilson Borjca, wanda ke tafiya
da rame daga lokacin da ya kubuta da yunkurin kashe shi,
ta taƙaita halin da ake ciki a cikin wata magana "'Yan Colombia suna da talauci sosai
saboda Colombia tana da arziki sosai." Colombia ta mallaki 16 daga cikin
albarkatu 22 mafi kyawawa a duniya, musamman mai da zinariya.
Amma duk da haka sama da kashi 1 cikin ɗari na al'ummar ƙasar ne ke da kashi 58 cikin ɗari
ƙasa yayin da ƙauyukan ƙauyuka ke faɗaɗa cikin sauri don ba da matsuguni na asali
ga mutane miliyan 2 na Colombia—mutane miliyan 13
suna samun kasa da dala 40 a wata, yara miliyan 3.5 ba sa karatu,
sannan rabin kasar ba sa iya samun kiwon lafiya. A halin yanzu
ana zuba makudan kudade wajen biyan kudin kasa
bashi da gina jami'an tsaro.
Uribe
yana sha'awar sanya hannu kan Yankin Kasuwancin Kasuwanci na Amurka (ALCA),
wanda zai haifar da babbar kasuwa guda daya a duniya da kuma
tasirin wanda zai kasance don ƙarfafa wurin Latin Amurka kamar yadda
tushen albarkatun ƙasa mai arha, aiki, da kasuwanni. Tuni da
Tsarin kasuwancin duniya ya ga karuwar shigo da abinci daga Colombia
daga ton miliyan 1 a 1990 zuwa tan miliyan 8 a yau. Kasar ta
ƙasa mai wadataccen ƙasa, inda amfanin gona ke bunƙasa, yanzu yana shigo da abinci na yau da kullun
kaya, ciki har da masara saboda rashin adalci gasar. Yayin aikin gona na Amurka
za a cire tallafin sannu a hankali bayan 2005, Borjca na fargabar hakan
A wannan lokacin 'yan Colombia sun riga sun rasa ikon su
gasa, yayin da manyan kamfanoni ke sayen kasar daga kananan kamfanoni masu fatara
manoma.
In
Aguablanca a wajen Cali, iyalai suna zaune cikin kwanciyar hankali, gadaje orange ne
akwatuna idan ba za su iya samun wani abu mafi kyau ba, tare da ƙaramin yanki
na polythene rufe su "gidan". Gilashin da aka karye
kasan da yara ke wasa da kafafun su - da yawa daga cikinsu suna da
ciwon da sauran alamun kamuwa da cuta. Babu fitilu kuma babu zafi.
Akwai famfo guda ɗaya don hidima ga iyalai 750. na gwamnati
An ga yadda aka mayar da martani ga waɗannan mutanen da suka yanke ƙauna a cikin Maris 2003 lokacin da tsaro
Sojojin sun rusa matsugunin, gami da duk wani kadarori na sirri
cewa marasa galihu sun yi nasarar kawo su. Ba tare da wani
wani zaɓi, mazaunan sun sake gina ƙauyen kuma suna ci gaba da cin zarafi
ta 'yan sanda akai-akai.
Colombia
yanzu shine babban mai karɓar taimakon sojan Amurka a waje
Isra'ila da Masar da kayan aikin su a fili ba kawai ana amfani da su ba
don yaƙar "yaƙin ƙwayoyi," wanda ya ba da farko
hujja don taimakon haɓakawa. Jirage masu saukar ungulu sun yi ta harba harsasai
zuwa cikin unguwanni masu tarin yawa. An bayar da rahoton cewa, a wani kwanan nan
lamarin da ya faru, an kashe fararen hula 20 kuma babu wani dan daba. Ya bayyana
don zama dabarun da aka sani daga yakin Vietnam: zubar da ruwa
kuma ku kashe kifi. Kifi su ne ’yan daba, ruwa da
m. Ya zuwa yanzu halin da Uribe ke ciki na tashe tashen hankula ya barke
gagarumin tashin hankali, matakan tsaro, da tashin hankali.
In
wannan sabon tsarin tsaro kowa da alama wasa ne na adalci. Duk da
zama a cikin kasa "dimokradiyya", babu wanda muka yi magana da shi ya ji
suna da wani hakki. “Gwamnati ba ta bukatar bayarwa
mu dalilin kamamu” wata mata ta ce mana “sun tabbatar
komai ta hanyar magana game da masu tayar da kayar baya."
Sun
Rahoton ƙungiyar daga Colombia ya karanta kamar labari mai ban tsoro. “The
kasa mafi hatsari a duniya ta zama dan jarida/ma'aikatan mai/jama'a
ma'aikatan sabis / malami / malami." Duk ’yan kwadago mu
yayi magana da imani "akwai ma sauran lokutan duhu a gaba."
duk da
mafi girman kai hari na gaba a kan ƙungiyoyin jama'a, 'yan Colombia
ki a karye daurin al'umma. Kungiyoyin kwadago, ana kai hari
a cikin nasu dama, zama ƙungiyoyin zamantakewa, suna karewa ba kawai ba
nasu membobin, amma yakar talauci a lokaci guda. Al'umma
gina ƙaura da bacewa da tsoro da firgici.
a takaice a cikin taken “kashe mu 1 sannan wasu 10 za su yi fada
baya. ”
It
ba wai kawai Amurka tana zuba "taimakon tsaro" a ciki ba
Colombia. Birtaniya, wanda ke nufin Colombia a matsayin "ɗayan Latin
Demokradiyya mafi dadewa a Amurka”—yana da kyakkyawar dangantaka
tare da gwamnatin Uribe-“shugaban yana yin iya ƙoƙarinsa
a cikin mawuyacin hali don dawo da zaman lafiya a kasarsa."
Fascism
ba kalma ce da ya kamata a yi amfani da ita da sauki ba, amma kalma ce da muka ji
akai-akai don bayyana alkiblar shugaba Uribe
manufofin. Bege za a iya tura shi zuwa yanzu kuma yana gudana cikin sauri
zuwa Colombia. Suna kallon haɗin kai a matsayin kariya ta ƙarshe
da ta'addancin da kasarsu ta shiga.
Nick
Dearden mai fafutuka ne tare da War on Want kuma kwanan nan ya dawo daga
ziyarar kungiyar kwadago zuwa Colombia.