Gangamin ta'addancin Obama na duniya ba wai kawai ya dogara ne kan shirinsa na kisan gilla ba, amma yana kara dogaro da tura dakaru na musamman a kasashe a duk fadin duniya - wanda aka ruwaito tsakanin kasashe 70 zuwa 120 a kowane lokaci. Kamar yadda Obama ya yi kokarin jawo manyan hare-hare na kasa da kasa (kamar yadda Bush ya bi a Afganistan da Iraki), ya kara ta'azzara yakin duniya na boye, wanda ya sabawa sa ido na Majalisa da jama'a. Daya daga cikin muhimman hukumomi a wannan yakin sirrin na duniya shi ne rundunar hadin gwiwa ta musamman (JSOC).
An kafa JSOC ne a cikin 1980 bayan gazawar ceto Amurkawan da aka yi garkuwa da su a ofishin jakadancin Amurka a Iran a matsayin "kusurwar da ba a sani ba kuma a asirce na tsarin soja," in ji sanarwar. Atlantic. Ta sami "faɗawa cikin sauri" a ƙarƙashin gwamnatin Bush kuma, tun lokacin da Obama ya hau kan karagar mulki, "ya bayyana yana taka rawar gani sosai a cikin tsaron ƙasa" da " yaki da ta'addanci," a yankunan da CIA ke rufewa a al'ada. ” Daya daga cikin muhimman bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin wadannan ayyukan boye na yaki da JSOC ke gudanarwa a maimakon CIA shi ne CIA ta kai rahoto ga Majalisa, yayin da JSOC ke ba da rahoton muhimman ayyukanta ga Kwamitin Tsaro na Shugaban kasa.
A lokacin gwamnatin Bush, JSOC "ya ba da rahoton kai tsaye" ga mataimakin shugaban kasa Dick Cheney, a cewar wani dan jarida mai bincike Seymour Hersh (na jaridar The Nation). New Yorker), wanda ya bayyana cewa, "Shin zoben kisan gilla ne da gaske kuma yana ci gaba kuma yana ci gaba…. A karkashin mulkin shugaba Bush, sun kasance suna shiga cikin kasashe, ba tare da yin magana da jakada ko shugaban hukumar CIA ba, suna samun mutane a cikin jerin sunayensu, suna aiwatar da su, su tafi. Wannan yana faruwa da sunan mu duka.”
A cikin 2005, Dick Cheney ya kira Sojoji na Musamman na Amurka a matsayin "ƙwararrun ƙwararrun shiru" waɗanda ke wakiltar "irin ƙarfin da muke son ginawa don nan gaba… ƙarfin da ya fi sauƙi, mafi daidaitawa, mafi sauri, kuma mafi muni a aikace." Kuma ba tare da wani bacin rai ba, Cheney ya ce: “Babu ɗaya daga cikinmu da ke son ya mai da makomar ’yan Adam zuwa ga ƴan gungun masu tsatsauran ra’ayi da ke yin kisan kai da kuma shirya manyan ta’addanci.” Ba sai dai idan waɗancan "masu tsattsauran ra'ayi" sun kasance suna sanye da kakin sojan Amurka, ba shakka, a cikin yanayin "yin kisan gilla da kuma shirya manyan ta'addanci" ba batu ba ne.
Kwamandan JSOC a lokacin gwamnatin Bush-lokacin da ta yi aiki a matsayin "zoben kisan gilla" Cheney - shi ne Janar Stanley McChrystal, wanda Obama ya nada a matsayin babban kwamandan soji a Afghanistan. Ba abin mamaki ba ne, JSOC ta fara taka rawa sosai a cikin Afghanistan da Pakistan. A farkon 2009, sabon shugaban JSOC, Vice Admiral William H. McRaven, ya ba da umarnin dakatar da ayyuka na musamman na tsawon mako biyu a cikin Afghanistan, bayan hare-haren JSOC da yawa a watannin da suka gabata ya kashe mata da yara da yawa, abin da ya kara haifar da "bacin rai" a cikin Afghanistan game da mutuwar fararen hula da hare-haren Amurka da hare-haren jiragen sama suka haifar, wanda ya haifar da karuwar mutuwar fararen hula a cikin 2008.
JSOC ta kuma kasance tana da hannu wajen gudanar da yakin asirce a cikin Pakistan, wanda aka fara a shekara ta 2006, amma yana kara yin sauri a karkashin gwamnatin Obama. An gudanar da yakin sirrin ne tare da hadin gwiwar hukumar leken asirin Amurka ta CIA da kuma shahararren dan kwangilar soja mai zaman kansa, Blackwater, wanda ya yi kaurin suna wajen kisan gillar da ya yi wa fararen hular Iraqi—bayan da aka hana shi yin aiki a kasar.
Wanda ya kafa Blackwater, Erik Prince, an ɗauke shi aiki a matsayin kadari na CIA a 2004 kuma, a cikin shekaru masu zuwa, ya sami fiye da dala biliyan 1.5 a cikin kwangiloli daga Pentagon da CIA. Hade a cikin shugabancinta da yawa tsoffin manyan jami'an CIA. Blackwater, wanda da farko ya dauki tsoffin Sojoji na Musamman, ya yi aiki da yawa "a matsayin mai gadi a ketare na CIA da jami'an Ma'aikatar Jiha," wadanda kuma suke "taimakawa wajen kere-kere, kudade, da aiwatar da ayyuka," gami da "hada kungiyoyin da aka samu," duka. a wajen kowace Majalisu ko jama'a sa ido (aiki ne mai zaman kansa a zahiri).
CIA ta dauki hayar Blackwater don taimakawa a wani shirin kisan gilla, wanda aka boye ga Majalisa tsawon shekaru bakwai. CIA ko ma'aikatan Sojoji na Musamman ne za su kula da waɗannan ayyukan. Har ila yau, an ba Blackwater kwangilar samar da makamai marasa matuka a sansanonin sirri a Afghanistan da Pakistan don shirin kashe Obama, wanda CIA ke kulawa. Layukan da ke raba sojoji, CIA, da Blackwater sun zama "mara kyau." Kamar yadda wani tsohon jami'in CIA yayi sharhi, "Ya zama dangantakar 'yan uwantaka sosai…. Akwai jin cewa Blackwater ya zama karin hukumar."
Wataƙila yakin asirce a Pakistan ya fara a ƙarƙashin Bush, amma ya faɗaɗa cikin sauri a cikin shekaru masu zuwa na gwamnatin Obama. Tashar yanar gizo ta Wikileaks ta tabbatar da aikin sojojin JSOC a cikin Pakistan, inda firaministan Pakistan Yousaf Raza Gillani ya shaidawa jakadiyar Amurka a Pakistan, Anne Patterson (wanda daga baya za a nada jakada a Masar) cewa, “Ban damu ba idan sun yi haka. shi idan dai sun samu mutanen da suka dace. Za mu yi zanga-zanga a majalisar dokokin kasar sannan mu yi watsi da ita.”
A cikin watanni biyar na farko na shugabancin Obama a shekara ta 2009, ya ba da izini "gaggarumin fadada ayyukan soja da leken asiri a duk duniya," yana baiwa kwamandojin yankin na Pentagon "babban iko" kan irin wadannan ayyuka na boye. Umurnin ya fito ne daga Janar Petraeus, kwamandan CENTCOM, yana ba da izinin tura sojoji na musamman zuwa "ƙasashe abokantaka da abokan gaba a Gabas ta Tsakiya, Tsakiyar Asiya, da Kahon Afirka." Aiwatar da masu kashe-kashen da aka horar da su sosai zuwa kasashe da dama shine ya zama "tsari kuma na dogon lokaci," wanda aka tsara don "shiga, wargaza, fatattaka, ko lalata" maƙiyan ƙasa, fiye da tsarin doka, babu gwaji ko kuma nuna rashin amincewa. Suna kuma "shirya yanayi" don manyan hare-hare da Amurka ko kasashen NATO suka tsara. Ba kamar na CIA ba, waɗannan ayyukan ba sa bayar da rahoto ga Majalisa ko ma suna buƙatar “amincewar shugaban ƙasa.” Amma ga manyan ayyuka, suna samun amincewar Hukumar Tsaro ta Kasa (NSC), wanda ya hada da shugaban kasa, da kuma sauran manyan shugabannin majalisar ministocin Pentagon, CIA, Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen, da dai sauransu.
Sabbin umarni sun baiwa kwamandojin yankin - irin su Petraeus wanda ya jagoranci CENTCOM, ko Janar Ward na sabuwar AFRICOM da aka kirkira - ikon da ke kula da runduna ta musamman a fannin umarninsu, wanda ke ba da ikon tura masu kisa zuwa kasashe da dama na duniya. don gudanar da ayyukan sirri ba tare da sa ido ba. Ana ba da wannan sabuwar hukuma ga manyan jami'an soji da yawa, waɗanda suka haura zuwa koli na cibiya ba tare da wani tsarin demokradiyya ba. Ko da wanene shugaban kasa, wannan “ikon” tana nan a cikin “umarnin yaƙi,” waɗanda suka haɗa da:
· AFRICOM kan Afirka (est. 2007)
· CENTCOM akan Gabas ta Tsakiya da Tsakiyar Asiya (est. 1983)
· EUCOM akan Turai (est. 1947)
· NORTHCOM akan Arewacin Amurka (est. 2002)
· PACOM akan iyakar Pacific da Asiya (est. 1947)
· SOUTHCOM akan Amurka ta Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka da Caribbean (est. 1963)
· SOCOM a matsayin Umurnin Ayyuka na Musamman (est. 1987)
· STRATCOM a matsayin Babban Dokar Dabarun kan ayyukan soja don yin da sararin samaniya, leƙen asiri, da makamai (est. 1992)
· TRANSCOM yana sarrafa duk abubuwan sufuri don Ma'aikatar Tsaro
An bai wa ma’aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka “sa ido” don share ayyukan daga kowane ofishin jakadanci, don kawai tabbatar da cewa kowa yana cikin “madaidaicin,” sabanin lokacin shekarun Bush da ya kare daga ofishin Cheney ba tare da gaya wa kowa ba.
A cikin 2010, an sanar da shi Washington Post Amurka ta fadada ayyukan dakarunta na musamman a duniya, daga turawa a kusan kasashe 60 karkashin Bush zuwa kasashe kusan 75 a 2010 a karkashin Obama, suna aiki a fitattun wurare kamar Philippines da Colombia, da kuma Yemen, a fadin kasar. Gabas ta Tsakiya, Afirka, da Asiya ta Tsakiya. Aiwatar da Sojoji na Musamman na duniya-tare da shirin yaƙin yaƙi na duniya na CIA-sun kasance fuskoki biyu na "Ru'idodin tsaron ƙasa na haɗin gwiwar duniya da ƙimar gida," a cikin kalmomin. Washington Post, ko da yake labarin ba a san ko wane fanni na yaƙin asirce a ƙasashe 75 ya zama “darajar” Obama ba. Kwamandoji na Sojojin Ayyuka na Musamman sun zama "mafi yawan zama na yau da kullun a Fadar White House" a karkashin Obama fiye da George Bush, tare da irin wannan kwamandan yana yin sharhi, "Muna da damar samun dama…. Suna magana a bainar jama'a da yawa amma sun fi yin aiki. Suna shirye su kara kaimi da sauri.” Irin wannan runduna ta musamman na tura sojoji "sun wuce hare-hare na bai-daya kuma sun hada da horar da dakarun yaki da ta'addanci na cikin gida da ayyukan hadin gwiwa tare da su."
Don haka ba wai sojojin Amurka ne kawai suke gudanar da yakin sirri a tsakanin kasashe da dama na duniya ba, har ma suna horar da sojojin cikin gida na yawancin wadannan kasashe don gudanar da yakin sirri a cikin gida, da kuma muradun daular Mafia ta Amurka.
Wani jami'in soja har ma ya kafa wata hanyar sadarwa ta ƙungiyoyin soja masu zaman kansu waɗanda suka yi hayar tsoffin Sojoji na Musamman da ayyukan CIA don tattara bayanan sirri da gudanar da ayyukan sirri a cikin ƙasashen waje don tallafawa "aiki mai kisa": tallafin jama'a, ba da lissafi ga jama'a. Irin wannan hanyar sadarwa an kasance "gaba ɗaya ana ɗaukarta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba" kuma "ba ta da kuɗin da ba ta dace ba." Lokacin da labarin waɗannan cibiyoyin sadarwa ya bayyana, Pentagon ta ce ta rufe su kuma ta buɗe "binciken laifuka." Bayan haka, ba su sami wani abu "mai laifi ba," domin bayan watanni biyu, ana ci gaba da ayyukan kuma sun zama "mahimmin tushe na hankali." Lockheed Martin, ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƴan kwangilar soja a duniya ne ke sarrafa hanyoyin sadarwa na ƙungiyoyin ɓoye-ops, yayin da ƙungiyar ke kula da ita. Umurnin Ayyuka na Musamman na Pentagon.
Admiral Eric T. Olson ya kasance shugaban kwamandan ayyuka na musamman daga 2007 zuwa 2011 kuma, a waccan shekarar, Olson ya jagoranci wani shiri mai nasara - wanda Shugaban Hafsan Hafsoshin Mike Mullen da Sakataren Tsaro Robert Gates suka amince da su - don ƙarfafa haɓakar ayyukan. manyan jami'an aiyuka na musamman zuwa manyan mukamai a dukkan tsarin kwamandan sojoji. "Tsarin" shine ya ci gaba da kasancewa a karkashin Sakataren Tsaro na gaba Leon Panetta, wanda ya jagoranci CIA daga 2009 zuwa 2011. Lokacin da Olson ya bar mukaminsa na Shugaban Rundunar Ayyuka na Musamman, an maye gurbinsa da Admiral William McRaven, wanda ya zama shugaban hukumar. JSOC daga 2008 zuwa 2011, yana bin Stanley McChrystal.
A cikin Janairu 2012, Obama yana neman ci gaba da nisa daga manyan yaƙe-yaƙe na ƙasa kamar Iraki da Afghanistan, kuma ya sake mai da hankali kan "ƙaramin ƙarfi, mafi ƙarfi a duk faɗin Asiya, Pacific da Gabas ta Tsakiya." Da yake kewaye da hafsan hafsoshin sojojin kasar sanye da cikakkun kayan sawa da aka kawata da lambobin yabo, tare da wasu manyan jami'an Pentagon, shugaba Obama ya gabatar da wani taron manema labarai da ba kasafai ba a ma'aikatar tsaron ta Pentagon, inda ya ce, "Sojojin mu za su kara karfi, amma dole ne duniya ta san United din. Jihohi za su ci gaba da nuna fifikon sojanmu." Muhimman abubuwan da ke cikin wannan dabarar za su kasance "kuɗaɗe don tsaro da aikata laifuka a cikin sararin samaniya, ga sojojin Ayyuka na musamman da kuma fage na hankali, sa ido da bincike."
A cikin watan Fabrairun 2012, Admiral William H. McRaven, shugaban Hukumar Ayyuka ta Musamman, yana "kokarin neman babban matsayi ga jiga-jigansa waɗanda suka saba aiki a cikin kusurwoyi masu duhu na manufofin ketare na Amurka," yana ba da shawarar wani shiri wanda "zai ba da gudummawa. ya sami 'yancin kai don sanya sojojinsa da kayan aikin yakinsu inda bayanan sirri da abubuwan da ke faruwa a duniya suka nuna cewa an fi bukatar su," musamman tare da fadada tunanin Asiya, Afirka, da Latin Amurka. McRaven ya bayyana cewa, "Ba lallai ba ne game da Socom [Hukumar Ayyuka ta Musamman] da ke gudanar da yakin duniya kan ta'addanci…. Ba na jin mun shirya yin hakan. Abin da ake nufi da shi shi ne ta yaya zan fi tallafa wa” manyan rundunonin sojan yankin.
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, kusan kashi 80 cikin 66,000 na sojojin Amurka na musamman an tura su a Gabas ta Tsakiya, amma McRaven ya so su bazu zuwa wasu yankuna, da kuma samun damar "gurɗa da sassansa zuwa wurare masu zafi ba tare da wucewa ba. daidaitaccen tsari na Pentagon da ke jagorantar tura turawa zuwa ketare." Hukumar ayyuka ta musamman ta kai kimanin mutane 2001, wanda ya ninka adadin tun shekarar 10.5, kuma kasafin kudin ya kai dala biliyan 4.2, daga dala biliyan 2001 a shekarar XNUMX.
A cikin Maris 2012, McRaven ya ɓullo da tsare-tsare don faɗaɗa sassan ayyuka na musamman, yana mai da su "ƙarfin zaɓi" a kan "barazanar da ke tasowa" a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa. Umurnin Ayyuka na Musamman na McRaven yana kula da jami'an soji da fararen hula fiye da 60,000, yana mai cewa a cikin daftarin takarda da aka watsa a Pentagon cewa: "Muna cikin gwagwarmayar tsararraki…. A nan gaba, Amurka za ta yi tir da bullar ta'addanci iri-iri. Domin gudanar da ayyuka masu dorewa a duniya, dole ne ayyukanmu na musamman su daidaita." McRaven ya bayyana cewa Sojoji na Musamman suna aiki a cikin kasashe sama da 71 na duniya.
Fadada ayyukan dakaru na musamman na duniya ya kasance a matsayin mayar da martani ga kalubalen da ke kara tabarbarewa na sanya manyan dakarun soji a fadin duniya da kuma gudanar da yake-yake da sana'o'i masu yawa, wadanda ba su da goyon bayan jama'a a gida ko waje. A cikin 2013, Dokar Ayyuka ta Musamman tana da dakarun da ke aiki a cikin ƙasashe daban-daban 92 a duniya, tare da wani mai sukar Majalisa ya zargi McRaven da yin "gina daular." Faɗaɗin kasancewar waɗannan ayyuka shine babban abin da ke ba da gudummawa ga "tashewa" a duniya, musamman a manyan wuraren yaƙi kamar Pakistan.
A cikin 2013, Dokar Ayyuka ta Musamman ta McRaven ta sami sabbin hukumomi da kuma faɗaɗa kasafin kuɗi tare da McRaven yana ba da shaida a gaban Kwamitin Sabis na Majalisar Dattawa cewa, “A kowace rana ta shekara za ku sami dakarun ayyuka na musamman [a] wani wuri tsakanin ƙasashe 70 zuwa 90 na duniya. .” A shekara ta 2012, an ba da rahoton cewa irin wadannan dakarun za su fara aiki a kasashe daban-daban 120 a karshen shekara.
A watan Disamba na 2012, an sanar da cewa Amurka na aika sojoji 4,000 zuwa kasashe 35 na Afirka a matsayin "wani bangare na kokarin da Pentagon ke yi na horar da kasashe don yaki da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da kuma baiwa Amurka a shirye da kuma horar da sojojin da za su aika zuwa Afirka idan rikici ya buƙaci. Sojojin Amurka sun fito," suna aiki a karkashin sabon kwamandan yankin na Pentagon, AFRICOM.
Ya zuwa watan Satumba na 2013, sojojin Amurka sun shiga ayyuka daban-daban a Algeria, Angola, Benin, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Kamaru, Cape Verde Islands, Senegal, Seychelles, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, da Zambia, da dai sauransu. sansanonin, gudanar da "haɗin kai na tsaro, atisayen horarwa, ƙaddamar da shawarwari, ayyuka na musamman, da haɓakar hanyar sadarwa."
A takaice dai, yakin ta'addanci na Obama na duniya ya fadada zuwa kasashe kusan 100 a duniya, tare da kawar da manyan hare-haren soji da mamaya kamar na Afghanistan da Iraki, da kuma kara yawan ayyukan yaki na "ƙananan" na Sojoji na Musamman. bayan bin doka da oda, a wajen Majalisa da sa ido na jama'a, gudanar da ayyukan "kwace da kama", horar da sojojin danniya na cikin gida a cikin al'ummomin da ke karkashin mulkin kama-karya don gudanar da nasu ayyukan a madadin "Ubangidan Duniya."
Kada ku yi kuskure: wannan yakin duniya ne. Ka yi tunanin koke-koke na kasa da kasa da zai biyo bayan labaran China ko Rasha na gudanar da ayyukan yakin sirri a kusan kasashe 100 na duniya. Amma lokacin da Amurka ta yi hakan, da kyar za a iya ambata, sai dai don maganganun da ke wucewa a cikin New York Times ko Washington Post nuna wani yaƙin neman zaɓe na ta'addanci a duniya wanda ba a taɓa yin irinsa ba a matsayin wakilin "darajar Obama". Lallai, Amurka ta daɗe ta kasance Uban Duniya na yin amfani da ƙa'idar Mafia na dangantakar ƙasa da ƙasa a cikin kulle-kulle tare da manyan laifuffukan "Capo" na Yammacin Turai kamar Burtaniya da Faransa. Duk da haka, a karkashin Obama, shugaban da ya lashe lambobin yabo na masana'antar hulda da jama'a don yakin neman zabensa na shugaban kasa mai kyau yana mai yin alkawarin "bege" da "canji," daular ta sami kanta tana yaki a cikin kasashe kusan 100, suna gudanar da yakin ta'addanci na duniya wanda ba a taba gani ba. yana ƙara cin zarafin ɗan adam, laifuffukan yaƙi da laifuffukan cin zarafin ɗan adam, duk ƙarƙashin ikon wanda ya lashe kyautar zaman lafiya ta Nobel Barack Obama.
Ko shugaban kasa Clinton ne, Bush, ko Obama, daular ta'addanci akan yakin neman zabe na duniya, don cutar da dukkan bil'adama, ya ceci wadannan muradun da ke saman manyan manyan mukamai na duniya. Domin maslahar masu mulki ne Amurka ke karewa tare da aiwatar da ƙirar daular ta duniya. Yana cikin maslahar dukan ’yan Adam, don haka, a yi adawa da daular—kuma a rushe a ƙarshe. Ita ce daular da ke mulki da daular da ke ruguzawa da kuma daular da dole ne a ruguje.
Duniya gaba ɗaya tana fama da wahalhalu mafi girma na tsarin mulkin mallaka na Mafia na Yamma: ƙaƙƙarfan talauci, cin zarafi, lalata muhalli, yaƙi da halaka. Ba za a iya yin gwagwarmaya da daular ba kuma a ci nasara daga waje kadai. Sauran kasashen duniya suna kokawa don tsira da Daular Yamma shekaru da yawa kuma, a gaskiya, daruruwan shekaru. Don gwagwarmayar ta yi nasara (kuma tana iya yin nasara), dole ne wani yunkuri mai karfi na adawa da daular ya bunkasa a cikin ikon daular da kansu musamman a cikin Amurka. Makomar bil'adama ta dogara da shi.
Ko...dukkan mu muna iya ci gaba da sayayya da kallon talabijin, muna makance da yakin duniya na ta'addanci da yakin da ake yi da sunayenmu a fadin duniya. Tabbas, irin wannan zaɓin na iya zama abin sha'awa, amma a ƙarshe, yaƙe-yaƙe a ƙasashen waje suna zuwa gida don farawa. Kamar yadda George Orwell ya taɓa rubutawa: “Yaƙin ba ana nufin a ci nasara ba ne, ana nufin ya ci gaba. Al'umma masu matsayi ba ta yiwuwa sai a kan talauci da jahilci. Wannan sabon sigar ta baya ce kuma babu wani daban daban da zai taɓa wanzuwa. A bisa ka'ida an shirya yunkurin yaki a kodayaushe don sanya al'umma a cikin bakin yunwa. Yakin da kungiyar da ke mulki ke yi a kan al’ummarta kuma abin da ya sa ba nasara ba ce a kan Eurasia ko Gabashin Asiya, amma don kiyaye tsarin al’umma gaba daya.”
Z
Andrew Gavin Marshall mai bincike ne kuma marubuci wanda ke zaune a Montreal, Kanada. Shi ne manajan ayyuka na The People's Book Project, shugaban sashen Geopolitics na Cibiyar Hampton, darektan bincike na Occupy.com's Global Power Project, kuma mai watsa shirye-shiryen podcast na mako-mako tare da Boiling FrogsPost.