Kyawawan ba wanda yake ɗauka da mahimmanci. Hatta manazarta na yau da kullun
shirye shiryen daukar shirye-shiryen gwamnatin Bush a Gabas ta Tsakiya da daraja
suna zazzare idanunsu na gama-gari. The New York Times' babban dan jarida
Steven Erlanger ya yarda a watan Yuli cewa sabon "hangen nesa," na Amurka-Isra'ila-Fatah
kawancen samar da abin koyi a Falasdinu a Yammacin Kogin Jordan da aka tsara don hana su
keɓe "Hamastan" a Gaza, ba "hangen nesa da sauran Amirkawa suka raba ba
kawaye ko wasu membobi na abin da ake kira quartet - Rasha, Tarayyar Turai,
da Majalisar Dinkin Duniya." (I, hatta da Times ya ce "abin da ake kira" quartet.)
Har ila yau, yana da "shakku cewa Saudis sun raba nazarin Mr. Bush, tun da su
sun yi kira ga Hamas da Fatah su sake dawowa tare." Wani daban
Times labarin ya haɗa da taƙaitaccen kanun labarai da ke gano ainihin dalilin
don sabon yunƙuri: “An yi nisa a Iraki, Amurka na neman fara gini
kasar Falasdinu."
"Shirin," kamar shi, sananne ne mai raɗaɗi, kawai kunkuntar da ƙari
takura fiye da kowane lokaci. Babban yanki shine kira don sabon yanki
taron zaman lafiya a cikin fall, wanda zai jagoranci ba Bush da kansa ba, amma ta kansa
Sakataren Gwamnati. Bush ya ce zai hada da Isra'ila, Falasdinawa,
da "maƙwabtansu a yankin." Amma Falasdinawa kawai suka yarda
Za a shiga ne bangaren Falasdinawa na Fatah karkashin jagorancin Abbas
Hukumar da ke aiki a Yammacin Kogin Jordan; wanda Hamas ke jagoranta ta dimokradiyya
Za a kebe majalisar Falasdinawa da gwamnatinta a Gaza. Yana
na iya haɗawa da wasu gwamnatocin makwabta, amma waɗanda suka gane kawai
“Hakkin zama” Isra’ila. Ƙungiyoyin yanki kamar Siriya da Iran za su yi
Hakika za a cire, amma ba a bayyana cewa ko da Jordan da Masar, wanda
kula da huldar diflomasiyya a hukumance da Isra'ila, balle kasar Saudiyya wadda
ba, zai yarda da "haƙƙin" Isra'ila na korar Falasɗinawa
don ƙirƙirar ƙasar Yahudawa keɓantacce. Gabaɗaya, ba zai yiwu ya yi yawa ba
na taro.
Wani bangare na shirin na Bush ya hada da sabunta tallafin da Amurka ke baiwa Falasdinawa.
Bayan watanni 18 na gurgunta tattalin arzikin duniya da Amurka ta tsara
Kauracewa yankunan Falasdinawa, Bush ya sanar da cewa "nan take
Bayan da shugaba Abbas ya kori Hamas daga gwamnatin Falasdinu, da
Amurka ta dage takunkumin kudi kan Hukumar Falasdinu.
Bush ya yi ishara da gwamnatin gaggawa da Abbas ya nada, karkashin jagorancinsa
wanda ya maye gurbin Firaminista Salam Fayyad. Babban bangaren wannan taimako shine
tallafin dala miliyan 80 na taimakon soji ga jami'an tsaron Fatah na Abbas
hukumomin yanzu suna aiki tare da tallafin Janar Keith Dayton na Amurka.
Bush ya kuma ce zai tura Isra'ila ta saki kudaden harajin Falasdinawa-wanda
Isra'ila ta tsare ba bisa ka'ida ba tun watan Fabrairun 2006-kamar dai hakan babba ce
rangwame. Game da matsugunai, ya yi kira ne kawai a kawo karshen sulhu
"fadada" da cire 2,000 ko makamancin mazaunan "mara izini"
outposts — “ba tare da izini ba” ta gwamnatin Isra’ila wato; duk ƙauyuka
haramun ne a karkashin dokokin kasa da kasa. Duk wani yarjejeniyar yanki na gaba,
Bush ya ce, dole ne ya yi la'akari da "hakikanin halin yanzu" - ma'ana
cewa manyan matsugunan Isra'ila da suke da su da kuma mafi yawan 480,000
Mazauna Yammacin Kogin Jordan da Gabashin Kudus za su kasance. Sabuwar rungumar Amurka
na Abbas da kiraye-kirayen kafa kasar Falasdinu suna ta fitowa kamar yadda ya kamata
fatan da ake da shi na samar da maslaha mai ma'ana ta jihohi biyu yana dusashewa.
Musulunci, kishin kasa, da Bush
Ko da yake babu makawa gazawar sabon shirin Bush, yana da mahimmanci
gane yadda ya dace da dabarun Amurka a Gabas ta Tsakiya. The
na baya-bayan nan game da tsarin akida don “sabon” tsakiyar Bush
Gabas ya kwatanta rikici tsakanin "masu matsaya" da "tsattsauran ra'ayi"
ana yaƙi da abin da ake kira Yaƙin Duniya na Ta'addanci (GWOT). Amma ba shakka
Waɗannan nau'ikan Manichean ba su wanzu fiye da iyakataccen hangen nesa
Birnin Washington da Tel Aviv. Gwagwarmayar Falasdinawa da goyon bayan Amurka
Mamayar sojojin Isra'ila ba ta fara da GWOT na Bush ba - duk da cewa
iƙirarin ƙarya na "ta'addanci na duniya" a cikin Falasdinu ya zama maɓalli mai mahimmanci
a kokarin da Amurka ke yi na tabbatar da goyon bayan da ta ke ba wa Isra'ilawa ba bisa ka'ida ba
da wariyar launin fata. Ra'ayin baki da fari na "Fatah mai kyau, Abbas mai kyau" vs.
"Mummunan Hamas, Bad Haniyeh" ba shi da wani ra'ayi a tsakanin Falasdinawa da kansu
ko kuma a ko'ina a yankin.
Bush yayi ƙoƙari ya kwatanta kishin Islama na Hamas da masu adawa da ƙasa
masu tsattsauran ra'ayi na al Qaeda, suna da'awar (kamar yadda Abbas ya yi) cewa
Hamas ta yi maraba da al-Qaeda zuwa Gaza. Da'awar ta haifar da fushi ta musamman
tsakanin Falasdinawa. Amma ya yi daidai da yankin fadar White House
dabarar dabara na daidaitawa, ware, da ƙoƙarin kawar da su
dukkan sojojin da aka gano na Musulunci da ke adawa da mulkin Amurka a yankin.
Wani ɓangare na dabarun Amurka ya haɗa da ƙoƙarin kafa ko haɓaka gwamnatoci
a yankin wanda babban aikinsa shi ne tsayin daka wajen yakar masu kishin Islama iri-iri
tsayin daka—tunanin Iraki, Afghanistan, Pakistan, zuwa wani mataki har ma da Lebanon.
Hamas ba ta da masaniyar alaka da al Qaeda, wanda a zahiri ya la'anci Hamas lokacin
kungiyar Falasdinu ta yanke shawarar shiga zabe. Kamar
Hezbollah a Lebanon, Hamas na amfani da tsarin Musulunci maimakon na zamani
kishin kasa don yakar gwagwarmayar gargajiya da mamaya da kuma
ikon siyasa na kasa (me zai zama ikon jiha idan Falasdinu ta kasance a
jihar). Sun ba da goyon bayan zamantakewa da tattalin arziki da kuma tsayin daka na jama'a
don samun tasiri da goyon bayan zabe a zabukan da ake ganin na gaskiya da adalci
da tsohon shugaban kasar Jimmy Carter da gungun masu sa ido na Amurka da na Turai.
Faɗin amincin Fatah kuma yana nuna sauye-sauye a duniya da yanki.
Wannan lokaci ne da kishin kasa ta Musulunci ke kan gaba
yankin, a lokacin da anti-imperialism a Gabas ta Tsakiya da aka bayyana fiye da kuma
fiye da sojojin Islama yayin da masu kishin Falasdinawa masu zaman kansu, kishin kasa na Larabawa,
da gurguzu na Larabawa duk sun yi hasara. Don haka yana da mahimmanci a fahimta
bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin bangarori daban-daban na dabarun Islama. Ƙungiyoyi
irinsu Al Qaeda, Taliban, da wasu a Pakistan na son janye sojojin Amurka
na yankin da gwamnatocin da ake da su da aka lalata domin aiwatar da tsauri
theocracy wanda ke aiwatar da mafi matsananci da fassarar fassarar
Shari'ar Musulunci a wani yanki mai fadi wanda ke da iyakoki na kasa da asalin kasa
ana goge su. Dakarun masu kishin Islama, irin su Hamas, Hizbullah, da
wasu jam'iyyun Iraki, sun bayyana manufarsu a matsayin kawo karshen mamayar sojojin kasashen waje
da kuma gwamnatin da aka santa ta Musulunci, amma mafi yawan jama'a (duk da cewa ba na duniya ba).
cikin jahohin kasa.
Bambanci mai mahimmanci, ba shakka, shine abin da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi suka fi mayar da hankali kan tushen jihohi.
Ba kamar al Qaeda da sauran masu ƙoƙarin rusa gwamnatocin jihohi da ƙirƙira ba
wani sabon “halifa” a fadin duniyar musulmi, masu kishin Islama suna aiki
da gwagwarmayar neman mulki a cikin tsarin da ake da su na kasa-kasa.
Tun bayan zabensu a watan Janairun 2006, shugabannin Hamas sun bayyana karara
cewa manufar aikin su shine sulhu na dogon lokaci tare da Isra'ila, hakkin
dawo da 'yan gudun hijirar Falasdinu, da kuma samar da kasar Falasdinu a ciki
yankunan da aka mamaye a shekarar 1967, wadanda za su gudanar da hadin gwiwa da su
kungiyar Fatah da sauran bangarori.
Fatah, Hamas, da Amurka/Isra'ila
Falasdinawa da yawa har yanzu suna kallon Fatah, doguwar cibiyar Falasdinawa
siyasar kasa, a matsayin gidansu na siyasa. Amma kusan rugujewar da
PLO da haɓakar hukumar da Oslo ta ƙirƙira da gwamnatin Falasɗinawa da Amurka ke marawa baya
(PA) ya haifar da ƙarin sukar gazawar Fatah da cin hanci da rashawa
kuma, a baya-bayan nan, an sake samun sabon zargi game da shugabancin Fatah
Dangantaka ta kut da kut da Amurka A sakamakon haka, Falasdinawa da dama sun nisanta kansu
daga kungiyar. Haƙƙin ɗan adam, jin daɗin jama'a, da sauran ƙungiyoyin jama'a
kungiyoyi sun damu musamman game da hukuncin Abbas na baya-bayan nan
maye gurbin dokar da ake da ita wacce ta tilasta yin rajistar kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da sauran kungiyoyi
tare da sabon tsari da ke buƙatar ƙungiyoyi don neman lasisi daga
Ma'aikatar Cikin Gida ta Falasdinu - da kuma baiwa ma'aikatar hakki
don hana kowace ƙungiya lasisin aiki.
A sa'i daya kuma, Falasdinawa da dama a Gaza da kuma gabar yammacin kogin Jordan
tare da rashin kwanciyar hankali karkatar da Musulunci na siyasar Hamas. Ya zuwa yanzu tsarin zamantakewa
sun aiwatar, musamman game da mata, a cikin Falasdinawa
mahallin, masu ra'ayin mazan jiya, amma ba masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ba. Ko Hamas ta fada
gaskiya ko a'a game da dogon lokacin da suke da niyya, yanayin siyasa a kunne
kasa-musamman ma har yanzu dakaru masu karfi a cikin Falasdinawa
al'umma - za ta sanya mafi girman nau'ikan shari'ar Musulunci
mai yiwuwa. Da yawa kuma suna adawa da mumunar hare-haren soji da Hamas ke kaiwa
Fatah in Gaza. Amma halaccinta ya kasance, kamar yadda Hamas ta yi nasara a kan Falasdinu
zabuka da gagarumin rinjaye. Kuri'ar jin ra'ayin jama'a a ranar 4 ga watan Yuli da 'yan Fatah suka yi
al-Quds Jaridar ta ce kashi 41 cikin XNUMX na goyon bayan shugaban Hamas Ismail Haniyeh.
Kashi 25 na Fatah ya raba tsakanin kashi 13 na Abbas da kashi 12 cikin dari
ga Marwan Barghouti, shugaban karamar kungiyar Fatah da aka daure da kasa
tsarar da aka daidaita. A wannan zaben firaministan da Amurka ke marawa Abbas baya.
Salam Fayyad, ya samu kashi 5 ne kawai na kuri’un da aka kada.
Rikicin gwagwarmayar Palasdinawa na cikin gida a cikin 'yan watannin nan yana nuni da hakan
rikici mai zurfi da dadewa a cikin yunkurin al'ummar Falasdinu.
Ba kishin kishin kasa na kawancen Amurka na shugabancin Fatah ba, haka ma
Har yanzu kishin Islama na Hamas ba a gwada shi ba ya zuwa yanzu
don samarwa Falasdinawa irin sabbin dabarun hangen nesa da ake bukata
don ƙarfafa raunin PLO da sake gina motsin da yake da rauni a yanzu
da zarar an wakilta sosai.
Amma ko bayan bala’in da ‘yan Adam ke yi na fadan, abin takaicin shi ne
a cikin wannan mummunan gwagwarmaya tsakanin Palasdinawa, bangarorin biyu na gaske ne
fada a kan barnar da aka yi a kan karagar mulki. Cikakkun gurasar iko da
Babban alhakin tashe-tashen hankula na hannun Isra'ila ne
da masu goyon bayan Amurka. A cikin watanni 16 daga zaben Falasdinawa a
Janairu 2006 zuwa Afrilu 2007, sojojin Isra'ila sun kashe Falasdinawa 712,
kusan rabin su yara ne. A daidai wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikinsu sun haɗa da
Tsagaita wuta na bai daya da Hamas ta yi, Falasdinawa sun kashe 'yan Isra'ila 29 ciki har da
sojoji da farar hula.
Babu tantama hannun Amurka da Isra'ila sun rataya a wuyan lamarin
tashin hankali da tashin hankali na Fatah-Hamas ya rabu. A cikin wani leken asiri
rahoton da tsohon wakilin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya rubuta zuwa ga abin da ake kira Quartet, Peruvian
Jami'in diflomasiyya Alvaro de Soto ya yarda cewa "Amurka ta matsa kaimi sosai
arangama tsakanin Fatah da Hamas—har ya zuwa mako guda da ya wuce
Makka [yarjejeniyar hadin kai tsakanin bangarorin biyu da Saudiyya ta kulla], da
Wakilin Amurka ya bayyana sau biyu a taron wakilan da aka yi a birnin Washington nawa
kamar wannan tashin hankali,' yana nufin yakin basasa na kusa da ya barke
a Gaza inda ake kashe fararen hula da raunata a kai a kai, saboda
'yana nufin sauran Falasdinawa suna adawa da Hamas.'
Don gwadawa da cimma wani matakin halaccin duniya don “diflomasiya
karuwa” a Gabas ta Tsakiya wanda zai iya kawar da hankali daga bala'in da ya faru
yaki a Iraki, Bush ya shirya wannan bazara na nadin nasa sau ɗaya da nan gaba
Aboki mafi karfi, tsohon Firayim Ministan Burtaniya Tony Blair, a matsayin wakili
na Quartet. Amma har yanzu, duk da cewa Blair ya sadaukar da kansa sosai
nasu aikin siyasa da gado a bagadin yakin Amurka a Iraki, da
Gwamnatin Bush na ci gaba da zagi da rashin mutunta shi. A karshensa
Bayyana a gaban majalisar dokokin Burtaniya, Blair ya ce cikin alfahari cewa “cikakkiyarsa
fifiko" a cikin sabon aikinsa shine "shirya ƙasa don sasantawa"
tsakanin Isra'ila da Falasdinawa. Bayan kwana biyu, kakakin ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka
Tom Casey ya musanta shi a fili, yana mai cewa, “Tabbas babu hangen nesa
cewa wannan mutumin zai zama mai sasantawa tsakanin Isra'ila da Falasdinawa."
Hakan ya yi daidai da sanin da Blair ya yi a baya game da iyakokin
na aikinsa. Magana da gaskiya tare da Bush a cikin 2006 akan microphones su
An kashe tunanin, Blair ya yi tayin yin duk abin da Amurka ke so,
a fili ba tare da la'akari da abin da yake ba, yayin da yake gane cewa abin da ya kasance
yayi kadan muhimmanci.
To Me Muke Yi?
Rarraba tsakanin gwagwarmayar Falasdinu - musamman tashin hankalin wannan
lokacin rani da ya wuce—ya ruɗe tare da raunana yawancin magoya bayan Falasɗinawa
'yancin ɗan adam da yunkurin kawo karshen mamayar Isra'ila. Amma kuma ba
rarrabuwar kawuna kuma tashin hankali ya canza gaba ɗaya wajibcin ƙasashen duniya
masu goyon bayan adalci, cikakke, zaman lafiya mai tushen hakkin bil'adama.
Lokacin da zaben Falasdinawa ya haifar da sakamako mai kalubalantar Bush
tsammanin gwamnatin, Amurka ta mayar da martani da cikakken tattalin arziki
kauracewa daukacin al'ummar Palasdinawa na yankunan da aka mamaye.
Ko ta yaya ba a taɓa yin la'akari da halaccin irin wannan hukunci na gama gari ba
tambayar da ta dace a cikin kafofin watsa labarai na Amurka na yau da kullun-yayin da ma magana
na kauracewa mamaya na Isra'ila yana haifar da zarge-zarge cikin gaggawa
na nuna wariya, goyon bayan ta'addanci, har ma da kyamar Yahudawa.
Kira na duniya don kauracewa, karkatarwa, da takunkumi (BDS) yana wakiltar
yaƙin neman zaɓe na matsin tattalin arziƙin ba tare da tashin hankali ba don tilasta kawo ƙarshen
ga cin zarafin da Isra'ila ta yi na kudurorin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da dokokin kasa da kasa. Farashin BDS
Kungiyoyin fararen hula na Falasdinu ne suka kaddamar da kiran a shekarar 2005
Cibiyar Haɗin kai ta ƙasa da ƙasa mai tushe a Majalisar Dinkin Duniya kan Falasdinu. Ana nema
darussa da kuma yin amfani da wasu fasahohin masu ƙarfi na duniya
yunkurin yaki da wariyar launin fata na Afirka ta Kudu a cikin shekarun 1980, yakin BDS
ya haɗa da magoya baya daban-daban ta amfani da dabaru iri-iri. Ya hada da
“sa hannun jarin jama’a” na Presbyterian da sauran Kirista
majami'u sun himmatu wajen bincike da juyar da tallafin kamfanoni
sana'a da kamfen na masu hannun jari akan siyar da Caterpillar na
burdoza da aka yi amfani da su ba bisa ka'ida ba a matsayin makaman sojojin Isra'ila a yankunan da ta mamaye.
Kamfen din Amurka na kawo karshen mamayar Isra'ila zai yanke hukunci kan wani kamfani nan ba da jimawa ba
manufa don kamfen na kauracewa kasa da kasa a duk fadin Amurka
A duniya an sami nasarori masu mahimmanci tuni. Yayin da agaji
kuma yanayin siyasa a cikin yankunan da aka mamaye na ci gaba da tabarbarewa
yayin da Isra'ila ke haɓaka dabarun raba-da-mako na mamaya da kwace,
Matsalolin BDS suna kan haɓaka cikin ƙin yarda kai tsaye. Biyu daga cikin mafi girma a Biritaniya
Kwanan nan kungiyoyin kwadagon sun zartar da kudurin kauracewa zaben. Mai iko
Ƙungiyar Ma'aikatan Jama'a ta Kanada ta zaɓi don tallafawa kamfen na BDS. A Kudu
Afirka, gidan yaƙin neman zaɓe na farko na yaƙi da wariyar launin fata, gwamnati mai tasiri
jami'ai da manyan masu goyon bayan jam'iyyar African National Congress-ANC
kungiyar mata, kungiyar matasa, jam'iyyar gurguzu, cinikayyar COSATU
Tarayyar Tarayyar - duk sun fito ne don sanya takunkumi don tilasta bin Isra'ila
tare da dokokin kasa da kasa.
Ƙungiyoyin zaman lafiya na Amurka da na duniya ba za su iya sake gina Falasɗinawa ba
motsi na kasa daga waje kuma yana da wuya a yi amfani da mu don ɗaukar bangare
a cikin rikici na cikin gida, bayan goyon bayan kokarin hadin kai da kuma yin aiki ga
kare kungiyoyin fararen hula na Falasdinu. Mafi kyawun amsa ga US
goyon bayan mamayar Isra'ila da wariyar launin fata da Amurka ta raba-da-kai
Dabarun da ake yi wa Falasdinawa za su kasance haɗin gwiwar manyan mutane
motsi yana cewa a'a-haɗuwa da haɓaka motsi na duniya don BDS a matsayin mai ƙarfi
kayan aikin da ba na tashin hankali ba wanda ke ƙalubalantar abin da Amurka ke tallafawa da buƙata gaba ɗaya
sabbin manufofin kasashen waje da suka ginu ba bisa mulki ba, amma bisa adalci da daidaito
domin duka.
Z
Phyllis Bennis ɗan'uwan Cibiyar Nazarin Siyasa ce. Sabbin ta
littafi ne Fahimtar Rikicin Falasdinawa da Isra'ila: Babban Shafi.