Howard Zin

As

karni na ashirin ya zo karshe a watan Disambar da ya gabata, wani mutum mai ban mamaki, wanda

rayuwa ta dauki tsawon karni, ta mutu yana da shekaru casa'in da bakwai. Sunansa Sender

Garlin.

I

ya fara haduwa da Sender, shekaru goma kafin rasuwarsa, a lokacin yana dan shekara tamanin da bakwai

shekaru. A faɗuwar shekara ta 1989 ne, kuma na yi tafiya zuwa Boulder don ba da jawabi

a Jami'ar Colorado. Daya daga cikin manyan masu shirya zamana wani mutum ne

mai suna Sender Garlin, ɗan jarida mai tsattsauran ra'ayi kuma ɗan jarida. ban yi

san shi, don haka ban shirya don zumudin haduwata da shi ba.

We

sun hadu da abincin rana a faculty dining room. Na dauka wannan zai dauki awa daya, amma

Ya ɗauki tsawon sa'o'i biyu kuma zai iya ci gaba har tsawon shida, don haka mai rairayi ya kasance

zance, da yawan kuzari, cike da tambayoyi na, cike da

tarihin wannan karni shine Sender Garlin. Ya ci gaba da cewa:

"Yana

juyowa zan tambayeki. Daidai lokacin, kun sani." Amma na san ba mu kasance ba

daidai a cikin abin da za mu ce.

I

Ni ɗan tarihi ne, kuma Mai aikawa, an haife shi a 1903, ya rayu ta wasu mafi yawan

lokutan tarihi masu ban sha'awa na zamaninmu. Ya kasance a shirye-shiryen da aka yi a Moscow

na 1930s na jaridun hagu guda uku, kawai wakilin yammacin da ya kasance

Gabatar da duk waɗannan ƙararraki masu ban mamaki, waɗanda Stalin ya aiwatar da tsari

na tsoffin ’yan uwansa masu neman sauyi. A kasar nan, ya bayar da rahoton a

daban-daban na lynching, gwajin "Scottsboro Boys," tara

Bakar fata an zarge su da laifin fyade a Alabama a cikin shekarun Bacin rai da

hukuncin kisa.

He

ya girma a cikin yanayin aji mai aiki a Vermont da New York New York, nasa

mahaifin mai yin burodi wanda, a cewar Mai aikawa, ya kasance “daidai dama dama

mai aiki," yana neman sabis "na mahaifiyata da manyana uku

'yan'uwa." Ya yi karatu tare da Scott Nearing da sauran malamai masu baƙar fata a

Makarantar Rand na Kimiyyar Jama'a kuma ta shafe shekaru da yawa a kwaleji da doka

makaranta. Ba shi da digiri, amma karatunsa a duniya ya kasance ajin farko. Shi

sun sami ɗakunan karatu na kwaleji sun fi haskakawa fiye da motsa jiki.

Reading

Roko zuwa Dalili da rubuce-rubucen Upton Sinclair, Mai aikawa a goma sha uku ko

goma sha hudu ya dauki kansa a matsayin gurguzu. Ya ce: “A shekarun baya, abin ya kasance

Karl Marx wanda ya sake halitta ni tare da sukar wannan azzalumai, azzalumai al'umma. . .

. Babu wanda ya karyata ainihin sukarsa."

Rufewa

gwagwarmayar aiki mai ɗaci na shekaru ashirin da talatin (yajin aikin saka a

Gastonia, North Carolina, tashin hankali ya afku a California a matsayin editan jaridar

Western Worker), abin ya shafa sosai. Garlin mai aikawa ba zai taɓa zama ba

ƙwararren ɗan jarida, sama da yaƙi, fiye da John Reed

rufe yajin aikin niƙa na Paterson na 1913, ko Theodore Dreiser, rubutu game da

ma'adanin suna fama a Kentucky. 

As

dan jarida, ya yi hira da mutane daban-daban kamar Clarence Darrow, Emma

Goldman, Lucy Parsons, Huey Long, gwauruwar Lenin Krupskaya, da Olga

Kniper-Chekhova, tauraron wasan kwaikwayo na Moscow kuma gwauruwar babban marubucin Rasha.

Mai aikawa ya taimaka kafa kungiyar John Reed a farkon shekarun 1930 kuma ya kasance kafa

editan Bita na Partisan kafin ya ci gaba da rubuta wa The Masses. 

In

ziyara na gaba zuwa Boulder, Na haɗu tare da Mai aikawa a duk lokacin da zan iya, kuma ni

an tuno da shi a kowane lokaci game da jin daɗinsa mai daɗi, wadatarsa ​​mara ƙarewa

labari. Na tuna yana gaya mani lokacinsa na mai ba da rahoto na Gidan Bronx

Labarai, wanda ya dage akan "kusurwar gida" a kowane labari, don haka lokacin

Lindbergh ya tashi ya haye Tekun Atlantika, labarinsa ya karanta: "Lindbergh ya tashi

sama da Bronx akan hanyar zuwa Paris."

amma

Babban yunƙurin mai aikawa Garlin da barbs na satirical sun kasance koyaushe suna adawa da tsarin:

cin zarafi, wariyar launin fata, kishin ƙasa na soja da ya addabi

wannan karni, ko a cikin matsananci nau'i na Fascist ko a cikin mafi ɓarna.

bayan

ya koma Boulder a 1980 tare da matarsa, mawaƙiya Martha Millet Garlin, ya

nan take suka shiga harkokin siyasa a yankin. Ya yi aiki

da kuzari tare da CISPES (Kwamitin Haɗin kai tare da Jama'ar El

Salvador) don nuna rashin amincewa da manufofin Gwamnatin Reagan na aika makamai zuwa ga

masu mutuwa a can. Abokin aikinsa a CISPES, Gonzalo Santos, ya ji labarin

Mutuwar mai aikawa, ta rubuta: "Zan yi kewar Mai aikawa. Shi ne babban abin koyi

na mai shiryawa, kuma mai gwagwarmaya, mutanen da na taɓa cin karo da su. Shi

ya kasance jagora kuma abokin kirki, abokin aiki mai kima da haɓakawa a cikin makamai. Iya shi

a huta a cikin aminci na ɗan lokaci, sa'an nan kuma girgiza, kuma daidaita al'amura a inda yake.

ko da kuwa ita kanta Uwargidan sai ta sha azabar rashin tsoronsa amma

ra'ayoyi na gaskiya game da rashin daidaito na sama da rashin daidaituwa. Ina fatan haka yayin da nake girma

tsoho, Zan iya yin koyi da irin wannan wadata, cikakkiyar rayuwa ta sadaukarwa, fafutuka,

bincike na hankali, jin daɗin rayuwa, da jagoranci na ƙauna ga matasa masu tasowa,

kamar yadda abokina mai ƙauna, Mai aikawa Garlin, ya rayu."

Wannan

yayi magana ga yawancin mu da suka san wannan ɗan adam mai ban mamaki.