Kim Scipes
To
mutane da yawa a Amurka, AFL-CIO kungiya ce mai ci gaba,
shiga kungiyoyin kwadago a duk fadin kasar don yaki da karin albashi, aiki mai kyau
yanayi da shirye-shiryen zamantakewa na ci gaba ga ma'aikata da mutane a cikin mu
al'ummai. Koyaya, ga ma'aikata da yawa a cikin abin da ake kira
"ƙasashe masu tasowa", AFL-CIO shine mafi ƙarfin amsawa-a cikin
a baya, ta shiga tsakani a kan ƙungiyoyin tsageru, an juyar da su
gwamnatocin da aka zaba ta hanyar dimokuradiyya, suna goyon bayan mulkin kama-karya da, a dunkule.
yayi aiki don kawar da dimokradiyya.
The
AFL sannan, bayan 1955, AFL-CIO, sun aiwatar da wani martani na kasashen waje
siyasa na dogon lokaci. Wannan manufofin ketare ta samo asali ne daga Samuel
Gompers da abokan hulɗa' yanke shawara don rage ra'ayinsu na haɗin gwiwar kasuwanci zuwa
kawai neman "ƙari" ga membobinsu, ƙirƙirar abin da muka sani yanzu
a matsayin "kasuwanci unionism." Wadannan ayyuka sun fara a cikin 19-matasa,
lokacin da AFL ta goyi bayan shiga tsakani na Gwamnatin Amurka a yakin duniya na daya, kuma suka yi yaki
kungiyoyi - na cikin gida da na waje - wadanda suka nemi kawo karshen yakin. A lokacin yakin da
bayan, da AFL tsoma baki a Mexico da kuma Latin Amurka to undercut shirya
yunƙurin yaƙi da faɗaɗa jari hujja zuwa yankin. Wadannan kasashen waje
ayyuka sun tafi tare da mutuwar Gompers a 1924. Su
An sake komawa a lokacin yakin duniya na biyu, na farko a kan farkisanci amma daga baya
'yan gurguzu.
bayan
Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, shugabannin ƙwadago sun goyi bayan gwamnatin Amurka
Manufofin "Cold War", wanda ke niyya ga masu tsattsauran ra'ayi a gida da waje don
cirewa. Wannan ya ƙare da yawa na kerawa da fa'idar cikin gida
motsin aiki, kuma ya jagoranci aiki don tallafawa martani da danniya a ƙasashen waje.
Mahimmanci, shugabannin ƙwadago (a cikin duka AFL da CIO) sun yi yarjejeniya da su
shaidan saboda sun yarda cewa kungiyarsu da membobinsu za su yi
amfana ta kasancewa ƴan ƙasa na iko na duniya.
Haka kuma,
sun tsawaita ayyukansu na aiki na kasashen waje ba kawai a ko'ina ba
Latin Amurka, amma ya fadada shi zuwa kasashen Turai kamar Faransa da Italiya
(a ƙarshen 1940-farkon 50s). A cikin 1960s, shugabannin kwadago sun yada wadannan
aiki zuwa duka Afirka da Asiya. A kowane hali, lokacin mafi tsanani
daga cikin waɗannan yunƙurin mayar da martani tsakanin 1962 da 1995 a ƙarƙashin shugabannin
George Meany da Lane Kirkland, sun ƙare a cikin 1995 lokacin da aka kori Kirkland kuma
John Sweeney ya maye gurbinsa a matsayin Shugaban AFL-CIO.
Alamar manufofin ketare ƙarƙashin Meany da Kirkland yarda ce ta Amurka
mamaye wasu ƙasashe, musamman a cikin "duniya ta uku."
A cikin lokacin 1962-95, AFL-CIO's Latin American "cibiyar," AIFLD
(Cibiyar Ci Gaban Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru ta Amirka) ta taimaka wajen kifar da gwamnatin
gwamnatocin da aka zaba ta dimokiradiyya a Guyana a 1963, Brazil a 1964, da
Jamhuriyar Dominican a 1965, da Chile a 1973. (Kafin kafa
na AIFLD, AFL ya taimaka wajen kawar da gwamnatin Guatemala a 1954.)
Cibiyoyin sun kuma yi hadin gwiwa da masu mulkin kama karya a kan kungiyoyin ci gaba a El
Salvador, Indonesia, Philippines, Afirka ta Kudu da Koriya ta Kudu, da kuma
a Brazil da Chile bayan juyin mulkin da aka yi a kasashen. AFL-CIO yana da
an kuma shirya yaki da gwamnatocin ci gaba da suka hau mulki bayan
kifar da masu mulkin kama-karya, musamman a Nicaragua da Uba Aristide na farko
gwamnati a Haiti.
Haka kuma,
lokacin da aka kama Pinochet a Landan a 1998, na yi farin ciki sosai. Na farko, shi
da alama akwai damar da mai mulkin kama karya zai biya abin da ya yi
'Yan'uwansa kuwa sun yi. Duk da haka, ina fatan 'yan jarida ba za su yi ba
kawai mayar da hankali kan Pinochet, amma kuma mayar da hankali kan ayyukan AFL-CIO na kasashen waje
a Chile, tun lokacin da AIFLD ya kasance har zuwa wuyansa a ƙoƙarin kawo saukar da
gwamnatin Salvador Allende da aka zaba ta dimokradiyya.
I
ya aika da saƙon e-mail yana murna da kama azzalumi, da Bruce Nissen,
Sanin sha'awar da nake da shi na dogon lokaci a cikin aikin duniya, ya tambaye ni ko zan iya
sha'awar yin rubutu game da ayyukan AFL-CIO a Chile don Nazarin Ma'aikata
Jarida. Na yanke shawarar gwada shi.
tare da
taimako mai yawa, na rubuta labarin don jarida. A ciki, na yi jayayya da cewa
kama Pinochet ya ƙyale membobin ƙungiyar AFL-CIO suyi la'akari da nau'in
manufofin kasashen waje da suke son AFL-CIO ta samu. Na dan yi tsokaci kan abin
tarihin ayyukan AFL da AFL-CIO na kasashen waje, kuma sun yi jayayya cewa yayin da akwai
ya kasance ingantaccen inganci tun lokacin zaben John Sweeney,
duk da haka cewa membobin AFL-CIO suna buƙatar shiga kuma a haɗa su cikin
Tattaunawa: Tambayar da na yi ita ce membobi suna son ɗauka
Hanyar Sweeney kuma tafi nisa, ko suna so su koma kwanakin
Mean kuma Kirkland?
To
Taimaka wajen fayyace tattaunawar, na mai da hankali ga takamaiman misali guda ɗaya: Chile.
Na tattauna yadda AIFLD ya taimaka tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin ƙasar kafin lokacin
juyin mulkin da Pinochet da Janar Janar suka jagoranta. Na gina aikin farko na Fred
Hirsch akan ayyukan AIFLD a Chile-Hirsch, mai aikin famfo kuma memba na AFL-CIO, yana da
fallasa ayyukan AIFLD da abokan tarayya a cikin 1974!-da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai da aka haɓaka tun
sannan. Na sanya waɗannan ayyukan a cikin mahallin Nixon/Kissinger's
harin da aka kai wa Chile, don nuna goyon baya ga babban birnin kasar, kuma ya nuna yadda suka ji rauni
ma'aikata. Sai na ba da shawarar cewa manufar Sweeney ta yi aiki a
lokacin, maimakon Meany/Kirkland, AFL-CIO ba zai taimaka ba
tada zaune tsaye a Chile, wanda da alama ba za a yi juyin mulki ba
faruwa. Bambancin ba zai iya fitowa fili ba.
(I
Hakanan ya lura cewa yayin da aka sami ingantaccen haɓakawa a cikin AFL-CIO
Ayyukan kasashen waje karkashin John Sweeney, Tarayyar ta kasance tana karɓar Amurka
Kudin gwamnati na ayyukan kwadago na kasashen waje, kuma wadannan ayyukan ba su kasance ba
m ko kuma ta hanyar dimokiradiyya ta yanke shawara ta membobin AFL-CIO.
Duk da haka, na iyakance labarina, kuma ban tattauna kokarin da ake yi a yanzu ba
Sweeney.)
Duk da haka,
Na yi gardama cewa AFL-CIO na buƙatar "zuwa tsabta" akan abin da ya gabata
ayyukan kwadago na kasa da kasa kuma sun yi iƙirarin cewa wannan yana da matuƙar mahimmanci a ciki
yunƙurin da yake yi a halin yanzu na gina haɗin kan ma'aikata na duniya. Bugu da ari, zuwa
nuna wannan matsayi, Na yi jayayya cewa AFL-CIO ya kamata ya kusanci waɗannan
gurfanar da Pinochet, da bayar da cikakken haɗin gwiwa da samun damar cimma duk nasarorin da aka samu
yana da alaƙa da Chile, kafin da kuma bayan juyin mulkin. Wannan, I
ya yi jayayya, "zai sanar da kowa don ganin cewa AFL-CIO ba ta da wata shakka
ya shiga kokarin gina adalcin zamantakewa a duniya."
Labor
Jaridar Nazarin sannan ta tambayi Judy Acel da Sam Lanfranco su amsa nawa
labarin. Dukansu sun goyi bayan, amma Acel ya wuce labarina, kuma
An tattauna ƙoƙarin gina haɗin gwiwar ƙwadago na ƙasa da ƙasa a lokacin Sweeney
tsarin mulki.
Ancel,
malami ne a Kansas City, memba ne na Hukumar Gudanarwa na The
Haɗin kai don Adalci a cikin Maquiladoras, ɗan ƙasa uku (US, Mexico, Kanada)
Ƙungiyar da ke San Antonio, Texas. Ta mayar da hankali kan yadda Amurka ke aiki
har yanzu yana ɗaukar kaya na shekarun yakin cacar baka kuma bai bincika tsoffin halaye ba
na sarrafa ma'aikatan kasashen waje da kuma ayyana hadin kan kasa da kasa kawai a cikin
sharuddan bukatun ma'aikatan Amurka. Yayin da aka samu wasu ci gaba, ta yi kira
AFL-CIO don karya sosai tare da kishin kasa na tattalin arziki da Amurka [ma'aikaci]
Farko. Ta lura cewa AFL-CIO har yanzu tana karɓar kuɗi don ƙasashen waje
ayyuka daga Gwamnatin Amurka, ta hanyar USAID da kuma ta hanyar
Wanda ake zato mai cin gashin kansa na Ƙasa don Dimokuradiyya. Ita kuma
yana goyan bayan da'awar rashin gaskiya da dimokuradiyya AFL-CIO na cikin gida.
A takaice, ta yi jayayya da cewa "Dole ne hadin kan kasa da kasa ya zama a
tushen ciyawa, ƙoƙarin mutane-da-mutane don ware ma'aikatan Amurkawa
an maye gurbinsa da ainihin fahimtar bukatun gama gari."
wadannan
An buga labarai, da kuma martanin Sam Lanfranco, a cikin Summer 2000
fitowar (Vol. 25, No. 2) na Jaridar Nazarin Ma'aikata.
Late
a daren jiya (25 ga Satumba), wayar ta yi kara. Tsohon abokina Fred ne
Hirsch. Ya gaya mani cewa Kudancin Bay (a cikin da kewayen San Jose, CA) Tsakiya
Majalisar Kwadago, AFL-CIO, ta riga ta zartar da wani kuduri mai goyan bayan labaran
LSJ ku!
Ana lura
buƙatar AFL-CIO don taimakawa wajen gina haɗin gwiwar ma'aikata na duniya don yin yaki
sun yi iƙirarin cewa, a kan ci gaban tattalin arziƙin duniya a Amurka da ma duniya baki ɗaya
don gina wannan haɗin kai, cewa AFL-CIO dole ne ya "zo da tsabta" game da
aikinsa a Chile da sauran wurare. Bayan labarin jagora, sun kira
akan AFL-CIO "don cikakken lissafin abin da aka yi a Chile da sauran su
Ƙasashen da aka yi irin wannan matsayi a cikin sunan mu, har abada
yin watsi da irin waɗannan manufofi da ayyuka, da kuma gayyatar ƙungiyar da abin ya shafa a fili
membobi da masu bincike don bita da tattauna duk tarihin AFL-CIO akan
harkokin kwadago na kasa da kasa." Bugu da kari, kudurin ya yi kira ga
AFL-CIO don bayyana "ƙasa ta ƙasa" ayyukanta wanda yake
har yanzu suna aiki inda ake biyan su da kudaden gwamnati, kuma su yi watsi da kowane
alakar da za ta iya yin barazana ga amanar da ma'aikatan kasashen waje za su iya samu a cikin AFL-CIO.
wadannan
An yi kira a cikin ƙoƙarin "don share iska a cikin tabbatar da AFL-CIO
manufofin haɗin kai na gaske na aiki don neman adalci na tattalin arziki da zamantakewa
tare da kula da ka'idojin aiki na cikin gida da na duniya waɗanda suka haɗa da
haƙƙin tsarawa da yajin aiki, isassun tsarin tsaro na zamantakewa, albashin rayuwa, da
haƙƙin kula da lafiya da ilimi, kawar da tilas akan kari,
kare haƙƙin ma'aikata baƙi, hani kan yajin aiki,
da neman zaman lafiya tsakanin al'ummomi da al'ummai."
yanke shawarar cewa za a aika wannan ƙuduri ga AFL-CIO kuma a rarraba tsakanin
majalisun ƙwadago da ƙungiyoyin ƙananan hukumomi a yankunansu da sauran wurare.
The
an zartar da kuduri ba tare da wasu kuri'u masu adawa ba. Kuma yana kasancewa
wanda aka zagaya tare da takardar bayan gida wanda ke ba da ƙarin cikakkun bayanai kan
yana shafar aikin AIFLD a Chile.
So
Menene ma'anar wannan? Shin wannan yana nuna canji a cikin AFL-CIO na waje
ayyuka ko ma tsarin da suka samo asali? Ban sani ba kamar yadda yake
ba da jimawa ba a faɗi a wannan lokacin, amma akwai wasu abubuwan da ya kamata a yi tunani akai.
Na farko,
wannan ba shine karo na farko da kungiyar South Bay CLC ta yi Allah wadai da AIFLD a bainar jama'a ba.
Sun yi shi a cikin 1974, kuma AFL-CIO ya amsa ta hanyar aika shugaban AIFLD William.
Doherty zuwa yankin Bay domin kokarin ganin majalisar ta janye kudurin ta
neman AFL-CIO "zo da tsabta" a kan Chile, amma Majalisar ta ƙi
kogo cikin matsa lamba. Don haka, tabbas babu wata Majalisar Kwadago a ciki
kasar da ke da amincin wannan a kan harkokin kwadago na kasa da kasa.
Kuma ta hanyar zartar da wannan kuduri, yana sake jagorantar ginin
hadin kan ma'aikata na kasa da kasa.
Na biyu,
wayar da kan jama'a game da tattalin arzikin duniya da yadda yake cutar da ma'aikata da
al'ummomin kasar nan da ma duniya baki daya sun fi kowane lokaci girma.
Don ƙara abin da Majalisar Kwadago ta Tsakiya ta bayar a cikin muhawarar dunƙulewar duniya da ta
Tasiri kan ma'aikata a duk duniya yana ba da damar tattaunawa fiye da haka
wanda masana ilimi ko kungiyoyi masu zaman kansu kamar masu fafutuka suka bayar
ƙungiyoyi, da kuma buɗe AFL-CIO manufofin kasashen waje yin ga dimokiradiyya na cikin gida
tattaunawa.
Na uku,
kuma watakila mafi mahimmanci ga dogon gudu, South Bay Central Labor
Majalisar ta gane cewa akwai sauran wuka a tsakiyar sabbin
ƙawancen da ke kunno kai tsakanin "Teamsters and Turtles," wanda ya haɗa ƙungiyar
mambobi tare da masana muhalli, kungiyoyin mata, mutane masu launi da sauran kungiyoyi
waɗanda ke ƙalubalantar mamayar kamfanoni, lalata zamantakewa da muhalli
lalacewa. Muddin AFL-CIO ya ci gaba da yin aiki tare da Amurka
Gwamnati a kan ma'aikata a ko'ina, suna cin amanar sauran ma'aikata a cikin su
kokarin inganta rayuwarsu da kuma yaki da manyan kasashen duniya, da
Ba za a iya gina haɗin kai na ma'aikata na duniya ba. Kamar yadda masu ci gaba a kusa da
Duniya ta san wannan, duk wani tallafi da za su iya ba AFL-CIO zai kasance
iyakance.
kuma
tunda aiki ba zai iya yin nasara da kansa ba - dole ne ya sami abokan tarayya a Amurka da kewaye
duniya idan har ana son samun ko da damar yin nasara-to ya dogara da wadannan kawance.
The
zabi, in ji South Bay CLC, abu ne mai sauki: ko dai mu yi aiki cikin hadin kai
tare da ma'aikata a duk faɗin duniya a kan Daular, ko kuma mun yarda da raguwa
lambobi crumbs da Jagora yayi, soka ƴan uwanmu a cikin
baya, sa'an nan kuma mu mutu da azaba lokacin da Daular ta juya mana. Suna da
sanya zabi: hadin kan kasa da kasa har abada, mulki ba!
Kim
Scipes tsohon firinta ne kuma memba na Sadarwar Graphic
Ƙungiyar Ƙasa ta Duniya, AFL-CIO. Wanda ya dade yana gwagwarmayar aiki, yanzu ya zama a
Dan takarar PhD a cikin Sociology a Jami'ar Illinois a Chicago.