GABATARWA GA SASIRI
Wannan martani ne ga sashi na 2 na jerin kashi 3 akan Inshorar amfanin gona (kudaden shiga) a cikin lissafin Farm. An rubuta ta asali a matsayin imel ga wani yana tambayata game da takarda. Amsa ce mai saurin gaske, don haka yana da fa'ida ta gajarta. Asalin shine:
Aikin Kula da Ƙasa, Inshorar amfanin gona - Yadda Safety Net ya zama Bala'in Siyasar Noma, Rahoton Musamman na Aikin Kula da Ƙasa:
"Fara Takarda 2: Inshorar amfanin gona tana tabbatar da Babban Girma," (http://landstewardshipproject.org/repository/1/1400/white_paper_2.pdf). Mahadar zuwa Jerin: http://landstewardshipproject.org/organizingforchange/cropinsurance/cropinsuranceensutesthebiggetbigger.
Dubi sashi na 1, Brad Wilson, "Kamfanoni da Inshorar amfanin gona: Rebuting White Paper na LSP 1, "Sarariya, 1/3/15, https://znetwork.org/zblogs/corporations-and-crop-insurance-rebutting-lsps-white-paper-1/.
LSP na ɗaya daga cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin da ke aiki a cikin tsarin ƙungiyar noma mai dorewa, wadda a halin yanzu Ƙungiyar Ƙwararrun Noma ta Ƙasa ke jagoranta. Don haka, LSP gabaɗaya yana yin babban aiki akan samarwa mai ɗorewa da batutuwan kashe kuɗi na gonaki, da batutuwan da yawa na jihohi, kamar yaƙi da CAFOs.
Binciken da na yi a nan ya fito ne daga wani tsari mai girma, wanda ya fi dacewa da na kira "adalcin gona," wanda kudaden da ake kashewa a fannin noma gabaɗaya ƙaramin yanki ne, amma inda manyan batutuwan su ne na kula da kasuwa ba tare da kashe kudi ba. Saboda ina rubutawa ne daga wannan babban tsari ne ra'ayi na ya bambanta da na LSP.
LSP ya rubuta akan wannan batu a baya a cikin jerin takardu, kuma na rubuta kadan game da waɗannan takaddun ma.
Synopsis
Farar takarda ta biyu ta LSP ta yi jayayya cewa "mafi girma yana girma" lokacin da aka ba da tallafi ta hanyar inshorar amfanin gona. Ina jayayya, da bambanci, cewa ko da tare da "gyare-gyare" da LSP ya ba da shawarar, har ma manyan CAFOs da sauran kamfanoni masu sayen kayayyaki suna "tallafawa" a asirce daga littattafai, kuma a matakan da suka wuce wadanda manyan manoman amfanin gona suke samu. . Don haka yayin da nake ba da cikakken goyon baya ga manufofin LSP na juyar da yanayin zuwa maida hankali kan gonaki da haɓaka ingantaccen dorewa, ina jayayya cewa waɗannan manufofin ba za su iya farawa ba idan ba a magance manyan batutuwan sarrafa kasuwa ba.
Na fara da bayanin nau'ikan inshorar amfanin gona guda 3 da inshorar amfanin gona (kudaden shiga). Wadannan su ne:
1. inshora ga abubuwa kamar ƙanƙara da lalacewar iska,
2. Shirye-shiryen bala'i don manyan nau'ikan lalacewa, da
3. inshorar shiga, a matsayin sabon nau'in tallafin gona.
A kan hanya na tayar da abubuwa da yawa waɗanda LSP ba ta bayyana ba.
Daga nan na bincika yadda LSP ke amfani da tatsuniyoyi masu yaduwa game da tallafin, (ciki har da tallafin inshorar shiga). Waɗannan suna batar da mu game da batutuwa.
A ƙarshe, na samar da wasu mahallin don ra'ayoyin LSP, masu alaƙa da tarihinsa da rawar da suka shafi ɓangarorin Babban Harkar Abinci da Noma.
MENENE INSURANCE GASKIYA A GAME?
Abin da ake kira "inshorar amfanin gona" yana nufin abubuwa 3.
1. inshora ga abubuwa kamar lalata KYAU da iska, waɗanda za a iya yi a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu. Don sanya shi cikin shirin gwamnati hakika hanya ɗaya ce kawai don biyan manoma kaɗan akan farashi mai rahusa, kodayake babu wanda ya ambata hakan. Idan ya tafi ga kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, to, tambayoyin game da girman gonaki zai zama batun zabin kamfanoni. A wannan yanayin, ko ba za a zaɓi inshorar ƙananan ayyuka a cikin jeri mai faɗi, da kuma yawan amfanin gona ba, ba zai zama shawarar gwamnati ba, sai dai idan an aiwatar da shi ta hanyar ƙa'idodi. Don haka zai zama yakin kamfani. Sai dai gwamnati za ta iya taimakawa wajen ganin ta yi aiki ta hanyoyi masu ɗorewa don ƙarin amfanin gona, da dai sauransu, kamar yadda LSP da sauransu ke ba da shawara. Don haka wannan yana ɗaya daga cikin batutuwa daban-daban guda uku: wane nau'i da girman gonaki (da girman ƙungiyoyin gonaki,) suna da inshora na asali na amfanin gona.
2. Shirye-shiryen BALA'I sune manyan matsaloli masu tsayi, kamar RUWAN shekaru masu yawa. Waɗanda za su iya saukar da kamfanin inshora, don haka akwai mai ƙarfi ga gwamnati ta yi wani abu (gwajin manoma, da sauransu). Sau da yawa muna da dokar ta-baci, wacce irin Majalisa ba ta so, kamar yadda kuke buƙatar faɗa, akai-akai, don samun shugabannin Majalisa su bar abin ya faru. Wannan ake kira tsarin “ad hoc”. A wannan yanayin, 'yan majalisa dole ne su kashe kudaden siyasa da za su fi son amfani da su a wani wuri. Sun gwammace kada su kashe shi, don haka suna son shirye-shiryen bala'i waɗanda ke maye gurbin shirye-shiryen gaggawa na ad hoc don waɗannan manyan matsalolin.
3. Kaso na uku shine inshorar kuɗaɗen amfanin gona, kuma shine ainihin lamarin, MAS'AR MATA. Inshorar shiga ita ce inda sauran nau'ikan tallafi ke canzawa zuwa nau'in inshora. Inshorar Kuɗaɗen shiga na iya maye gurbin wasu tallafin, ƙarin rigima. Abu mafi mahimmanci, kamar duk shirye-shiryen tallafi, yana iya kawar da idanun kowa daga ɓoye na MEGA, abin da na kira WHALE a cikin ɗakin da ke cike da RUWA. Wannan ita ce tambayar maido da Farashi Floors inda kamfanoni za su biya farashi mai kyau, (Sama ta hana!).
Taimakon da ba a iya jujjuyawa ba wanda manoma ke samu kawai lokacin da ake buƙata, (sai dai bai isa ba don daidaitawa kafin ragi na Farashi da kuma samun kuɗin shiga,) sune mafi kyawun madadin isassun shirye-shiryen Gudanar da Kasuwa.
Majalisa, tare da taimako daga Cargill's Daniel Amstutz, sun ƙirƙira ka'idar inda idan kuna samun tallafi lokacin da ba a buƙata su ba, ba sa haifar da zubar da ruwa (kada ku "karkatar da kasuwanni").[1] Sai dai wannan bai taba zama gaskiya ba. Tallafin ba ya haifar da farashi mai arha. Abubuwa suna faruwa, kamar yadda suke faɗa. Farashin gona mai arha yana faruwa ta atomatik a cikin kasuwannin 'kyauta' da ba a daidaita su ba da ciniki 'kyauta', don haka yana faruwa a duk lokacin da akwai ƙananan ko babu Shirye-shiryen Gudanar da Samar da Farashi da yarjejeniyar ciniki 'kyauta'. Wato, matsalar tattalin arziki mai tsanani na farashin gonaki mai arha, (rashin gazawar kasuwannin 'kyauta' na gonaki “amfanin amfanin gona,”) yakan faru ne ita kaɗai, sai dai idan Amurka, babbar mai fitar da kayayyaki, ko babbar ƙungiya, ta sarrafa farashi. da wadata.
Ok, ba da tallafi lokacin da ba a buƙatar su. Ana kiranta "de-coupling." Hakan ya haifar da canjawa zuwa Biyan Kuɗi kai tsaye ("ƙaddara" & "madaidaicin WTO,") bege na ƙarya gabaɗaya na kawo ƙarshen zubar da kayan gona a farashi mai arha, (tunda ba a dogara da yanayin tattalin arziki da siyasa ba). Hakan ya sa aka yi wa Amurka da yawa, don haka, yayin da ta yi aiki na dan lokaci, abin ya ci tura, yayin da farashin masara, waken soya da shinkafa suka tashi, aka ci gaba da ba da tallafin, wanda ya haifar da fushi. Eh, Biyan Kuɗi kai tsaye, tallafin “mai kyau”, wanda ƙungiyar Ma’aikata ta Addinai kan Dokar Farmaki ta goyan bayan, da dai sauransu, an ba su duk da cewa farashin masara, shinkafa da waken soya ya ƙaru zuwa sama da cikakken farashi na kimanin shekaru 7, wanda hakan ya zama mai kawo rigima. kuma (karya) "mai kyau" an kusan manta da shi koyaushe.
Inshorar shiga ya ma fi muni. Manoma za su iya SAMU lokacin da ba a buƙata, haka nan kuma ba sa samun sa lokacin da ake buƙata[2]. Misali, farashin ya sake faduwa, inda masara ke faduwa kasa da dala $3 a wasu lokuta kuma waken soya kasa da dala 8 wannan faduwa na dan wani lokaci. Wannan kuma yayi kama da abin da aka tsara ta 2023, (ga kowane irin hasashen da ya dace). Idan haka ta faru, to ( amfanin gona) Inshorar Kuɗaɗen shiga za ta bushe, saboda ba shi da ƙayyadaddun farashi mai kyau. Maimakon haka, ya bi kasuwa, yana barin kasuwa mai 'yanci ta tantance abin da ke daidai da farashi, (wanda ya kasa yin shi akai-akai, kusan ko da yaushe, tsawon shekaru 150, har zuwa karni na 21).
Muna ganin cewa gwamnati za ta iya yin kowane irin abu. Yana iya ƙirƙirar shirin maras hankali kuma ya zuba kuɗi a ciki don yin shi "aiki" ta wata hanya (ko da yake ma'anar "aiki" ba shi da hankali). Don haka za mu iya samun hanyoyin da ba su dace ba waɗanda ke neman gwamnati ta yi rashin hankali ta wata hanya ta dabam, waɗanda suka fi dacewa don dorewa a cikin ƙaramin ma'ana (ko da yake tana kiyaye babban tallafin 'kasuwa' kyauta' ga CAFOs a lokaci guda, don haka ana ci gaba da kawar da dabbobi da jujjuyawar amfanin gona daga gonaki).
Duk wani gyare-gyare na ainihi, duk da haka, dole ne ya haɗa da manyan batutuwa na rashin amsawar farashi, da kuma buƙatar sarrafa kasuwa. In ba haka ba, sabon salo ne kawai, mafi daidaito a siyasance, nau'in rashin hankali.
ABIN LSP BAYA BAYYANA
LSP ba ya gaya mana cewa Inshorar amfanin gona (REVENUE) ba zai taɓa faruwa a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu ba, saboda za su kasance masu ba da inshora, ba ga guguwar ƙanƙara ba ga wasu manoma, amma a kan farashin noma mai rahusa ga gungun manoma. Muna da farashin da bai kai cikakken farashi ba, kowace shekara 1981-2006 (sai dai 1996) akan jimillar manyan amfanin gona guda 8, har zuwa 2013, (kimanin 6 cikin shekaru 7, na 5 na waɗannan amfanin gona). Muna da iri ɗaya don kiwo, kowace shekara 1993-2013, (sai dai 2007, lokacin da kawai aka yi ƴan pennies akan galan sama da sifili).
Mun ga, to, cewa kamfanonin inshora za su tabbatar da gazawar kasuwa na yau da kullun, (tattalin arziki,) da kuma Majalisar Wakilai ba ta da wadataccen farashin farashi, (siyasa). A halin yanzu Majalisa ba ta da farashin farashi kwata-kwata tun 1996, (don gyara matsalar tattalin arziki na rashin nasarar kasuwannin 'kyauta'). Tun kafin farashin gona ya yi ƙasa sosai muna da “rikicin gona” tun daga 1981.
Inshorar Kuɗi shine sabon Biyan Biyan Kai tsaye, amma, mafi kyau fiye da DP, ana iya jujjuya shi cikin sauƙi azaman ingantaccen “kasuwanci”, azaman “Gudanar da haɗari.” LSP ya shiga cikin wannan ruɗi, yana ba da shawarar cewa shirin shine "Gudanar da haɗari," da gaske yayi kyau. Ba haka ba ne! Suna ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a yi shi a cikin kamfanoni masu zaman kansu, (watau ba tare da tallafin kuɗi ga manoma ba, kuma ba tare da tallafin kuɗin aiki na kamfanonin inshora ba). Lallai wannan maganar banza ce. Shirin, (tabbatar da shekaru masu yawa na ƙarancin farashi da kuma adawa da Majalisa ba ta aiki ba,) ba shi da damar kamfanoni masu zaman kansu kwata-kwata. Shiri ne mara hankali wanda zai iya aiki kawai idan Majalisa ta gabatar da shi gaba daya.
A ƙarshe, inshorar amfanin gona (kudaden shiga) ita ce sabuwar hanyar sa lissafin gona ya yi muni da muni. Game da kawai abu mai kyau game da shi shi ne cewa yana da kyau fiye da komawa zuwa Hooverism (inda manoma ke da mafi arha farashin farashi, kamar yau, amma ba tare da wani tallafi ba).
LABARI DA DUMI-DUMINSU TA GONA A BAYAN HAKA
A cikin wannan farar takarda, LSP kuma ya faɗi don ainihin tatsuniyoyi na tallafin gona.[3] Suna zargin manyan gonaki, manyan 10% na masu karɓa. Ba sa ganin cewa gonakin cikakken lokaci DUK sun faɗi cikin sama da kashi 10% na “masu karɓa,” kuma yawancin waɗannan girman dangi ne ko ɗan ƙarami, ko ɗan girma. (A kula: yawancin manoma sun yi asarar dabbobinsu, don haka dole ne su zama kashi 40 cikin 1997 na girma don kasancewa daidai da girmansu ta fuskar tattalin arziki, haka kuma dole ne su kasance girma da girman girman girman kamar yadda farashin ya faɗi zuwa mafi ƙasƙanci a tarihi, akai-akai. kamar 2005-2013 ga dukan manyan amfanin gona, kuma a kan XNUMX ga wasu daga cikinsu, da dai sauransu.)
Don haka LSP tana ɗaukar saman 10% a matsayin manyan gonaki, kamar yadda kusan kowa ke yi. Babu ingantaccen bayanai da ke tallafawa waɗannan da'awar. LSP kuma tana ɗaukar ƙananan "masu karɓa" a matsayin "masu samarwa." Amma a zahiri, kashi 80 na ƙasa bai kai kashi 10 cikin ɗari na girman ƙaramin gonakin dangi na “cikakken lokaci”. Rabin ƙasa ya kusan kusan kashi 4% na girman gonaki na cikakken lokaci, kuma ƙasan 1/3 sun kasance kusan 1%. Don haka sam ba gaskiya ba ne, kuma ba bisa ingantaccen bincike ba.
Mun ga cewa, masu karɓar tallafin kuɗi na 48,000 na 2011 a cikin rahoton da gaske galibin gonakin iyali ne na cikakken lokaci, maimakon “masu samarwa” waɗanda kawai 10% ko 4% ko 1% ko ƙasa da “cikakken- lokaci" size. Don haka ba zaluncin da aka yi mana ba ne aka yi imani da shi.
Duk wannan game da babban kashi 10% ya dogara ne akan binciken da ba daidai ba na Rukunin Ayyukan Muhalli da yawa, da yawa.
A biyu tatsuniya shine kawai, tare da raguwar farashin, (1953-2006, -2013, -2018? -2023?), manyan gonaki ana biyan su ƙasa da mafi girma, wanda shine dalilin da yasa suke samun babban tallafi. LSP ba ta ambaci waɗannan ragi ba, (kamar yadda na gani a cikin labarai daban-daban, da kuma skimming wannan). A maimakon haka sun yi iƙirarin ƙarya (bisa ga tatsuniya tafi hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri a kan layi da kuma a cikin buga kafofin watsa labarai,) cewa manoma sun yi rikodin high farashin[4] da/ko samun kudin shiga kwanan nan.[5] (Muna da watakila rabin wasu farashin rikodi, da kuma shekara ɗaya na kwanan nan na samun kuɗin shiga gonaki wanda ya kai 1942-1952 (lokacin da muke samun masara kawai 1/4)).
MAGANAR LSP A CIKIN MANYAN MOTSUWA
Gabaɗaya, ra’ayina shi ne, tare da raguwa (1953-1995) da ƙarewa (1996-2018) na Farashi Floors da ƙarin tallafi (1961-2018), lissafin noma ya yi muni kuma ya yi muni a ɓangaren tallafin. don dorewar noma. Wato tallafin farko ya kasance mafi muni ga noma mai dorewa, kuma bai inganta ba. Wannan ya sa manoma masu ɗorewa da yawa, yayin da suka samu ƙasa da ƙasa, a ƙarƙashin shirye-shiryen gonaki na rashin adalci, don samun jujjuyawar amfanin gona.
Abin da ya faru shi ne, ƙungiyoyin noman iyali mai dorewa sun rabu suka kafa ƙungiyarsu. Wannan sashin motsi baya goyan bayan manyan batutuwan adalcin tattalin arziki rarraba. Ba sa adawa da mafi arha na hatsi masu arha don CAFOs marasa dorewa a NSAC da ƙungiyoyin laima na baya, alal misali.
Kamar yadda na tuna, asali LSP ya yi yaƙi da waɗannan rarrabuwa da canje-canje, amma kwanan nan sun daina yin hakan. Sauran kungiyoyi, irin su Iowa CCI inda na yi aiki a lokacin rabuwar, da IATP sun yi yaƙi da LSP a kan waɗannan batutuwa, alal misali, a cikin Midwest Sustainable Agriculture Working Group (MSAWG) da kuma Tattaunawar Ƙasa akan Ayyukan Noma (1990s). Ni ne wanda ya yi magana a kan wannan, ina kira ga bangarorin biyu da su dawo tare a kan Farashi na farashin gona na 1996. Coci-coci sun kuma yi wani babban taro kan rarrabuwar kawuna tsakanin bangarorin fafatukar tabbatar da adalci da dorewa, wanda da alama ya warware shi, amma sai wasu kungiyoyin noma masu dorewa suka mamaye shi.
Mun ga, sa'an nan, cewa, duban kawai a Farm Bill kashewa, an yi wani shari'a don gyara amfanin gona (shigarwa) inshora. Yana da ma'ana a cikin wannan firam, amma sau da yawa ba ya da ma'ana a cikin mafi girman mahallin duk lissafin gona, na Gudanar da Kasuwa ba tare da kashe kuɗi ba, sannan kuma nau'ikan kashe kuɗi daban-daban.
NOTES
[1] Mark Ritchie, "Hanyar 'De-Coupled' zuwa Noma: Tarihi da Binciken Sharuɗɗan Manufofin "De-Coupling", Cibiyar Aikin Noma da Kasuwanci, Satumba 1988, http://www.iatp.org/ daftarin aiki/kusantar-da-haɗe-haɗe-zuwa- noma.
[2] Dubi jerin tushe akan wannan batu a cikin "Don ƙarin Karatu," a ƙasa.
[3] A wannan batu duba, Brad Wilson, "The Farm Rediyon Labarun: Rashin Ilimin Kimiyya, Ƙarfafa Ranar Abinci," ZSpace, 8/18/14, https://znetwork.org/zblogs/the-farm-subsidy-myth -ranar-abinci-rashin-rashin-kimiyya/.
[4] A kan da'awar ƙarya na "yi rikodin farashin amfanin gona mai girma," duba Brian DeVore, "Inshorar amfanin gona: Cibiyar Tsaro ta Zama Barazana, Aikin Kula da Ƙasa, 4/12/12, http://landstewardshipproject.org/posts/blog /281.
[5] Magana game da yawan kudaden shiga na noma "mai girma rikodin" ya tafi hoto ko bidiyo mai zagaya yanar gizo da sauri. Adam Warthesen a cikin "Farashin Girman (girma) na Shirin Inshorar amfanin gona da ba a gyara ba," ( Aikin Kula da Ƙasa, 1/28/13, http://landstewardshipproject.org/posts/371) ya ƙarfafa waɗannan tatsuniyoyi. Warthesen ya yi nuni ga yawan kudin shiga na noma a shekarar 2012, bisa hasashen da aka yi tun farko, inda ya kira shi "na biyu mafi girma a cikin shekaru talatin, kuma a shekarar da ta wuce." Babban mahallin shine tun 1953, lokacin da Majalisa ta fara rage farashin farashin, an sami shekaru 6 kawai sama da dala biliyan 100, (biyu a cikin 1970s), duk da karuwar yawan amfanin ƙasa, yayin da a baya, kafin rage shirin noma kuma tare da rage yawan amfanin gona. ƙananan yawan amfanin ƙasa, manoma sun sami fiye da dala biliyan 100 na tsawon shekaru 11 a jere (wanda aka daidaita don hauhawar farashin kaya tare da mai lalata GDP a cikin dala 2013). Sabanin haka, akwai kawai 3 'yan shekarun nan da suka yi girma. A gaskiya ma, matsakaita na 1942-1952 ya fi dala biliyan 123, kuma, kamar yadda ya bayyana, an sami 1 kawai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A halin yanzu, matsakaicin shekaru 10 da aka yi hasashen kwanan nan ta 2023 ya gaza dala biliyan 79 a kowace shekara, ko dala biliyan 45 a kowace shekara ƙasa da lokacin 1942-52. Wannan, sa'an nan, wani babban mahallin daban-daban fiye da abin da LSP ke amfani da shi.
DON KARIN KARATU
Brad Wilson, "Kamfanoni da Inshorar amfanin gona: Sake Buga Farin Takarda 1 na LSP," ZSpace, 1/3/15, https://znetwork.org/zblogs/corporations-and-crop-insurance-rebutting-lsps-white-paper-1/.
Brad Wilson, "Dakin Ƙarƙashin Ruwa: Sake Buga Alan Guebert's 'Insuring Elephants'," ZSpace, 1/3/15, https://znetwork.org/zblogs/the-room-is-underwater-rebutting-alan-gueberts-insuring-elephants/.
Daryll E. Ray"Inshorar amfanin gona da bala'o'i,” Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Noma, Jami’ar Tennessee, Satumba 27, 2002, http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/112.html.
Daryll E. Ray"The morphing na amfanin gona inshora,” Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Noma, Jami’ar Tennessee, Oktoba 2, 2009, http://www.agpolicy.org/weekcol/479.html.
Daryll E. Ray"ACR: Ƙarfin gidan yanar gizon aminci lokacin da farashin yayi girma amma yana ɗaukar lokacin da farashin ya faɗi,” Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Noma, Jami’ar Tennessee, Nuwamba 2, 2007, http://www.agpolicy.org/weekcol/378.html.
IATP"Maganganun Kuɗi na tushen Haraji: Matsala mara kyau,” Cibiyar Harkokin Noma da Siyasa, Satumba 12, 2007, http://www.iatp.org/search/node/%22Revenue-Based%22.
Daryll E. Ray & Harwood D. Schaffer,Shirin inshorar amfanin gona mai zaman kansa kawai: Menene ma'anar hakan?,” Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Noma, Jami’ar Tennessee, Satumba 17, 2010, http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/529.html.
Daryll E. Ray & Harwood D. Schaffer,Farashi da yawan amfanin ƙasa (da kudaden shiga) kasada: Shin inshora har zuwa aikin sarrafa su duka?Manufofin Manufofin #617, Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Noma, Jami'ar Tennessee, Mayu 25, 2012, http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/617.html.
Daryll E. Ray & Harwood D. Schaffer, Manufofin Manufofin #616, Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Noma, Jami'ar Tennessee, Mayu 18, 2012, "Lucas da Peterson: Inshorar amfanin gona ba cibiyar tsaro ba ce lokacin da farashin ya faɗi" http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/616.html.
Daryll E. Ray & Harwood D. Schaffer, "Babu wata manufa a wurin da za ta kula da shekaru masu yawa na amfanin gona mai kyau da matsakaicin buƙatun girma," Manufofin Manufofin #738, Cibiyar Nazarin Manufofin Noma, Jami'ar Tennessee, 9/19/14, http://agpolicy.org/weekcol/738.html.
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